Zojambula Zapangidwe ndi Zachilengedwe Zopanda Phindu pa Magazi Shuga
Olowa m'malo a shuga adzipeza mofulumira koma, patatha zaka zoposa 45 zafukufuku, palibe umboni wodalirika woti akhoza kuvulaza munthu ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenerera. Ngakhale ziri zoona kuti ambiri alibe phindu loperekera zakudya, amatha kukhutiritsa dzino lokha ndipo amadya mwachangu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi shuga .
Zakudya zisanu ndi ziwiri, zopanda thanzi zogwirizana ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, neotame, ndi ubwino. Mwa izi, chisamaliro ndi ubwino ndizovomerezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito monga chakudya chokwanira chodziwika bwino ndipo makamaka sichipezeka ngati zophikira patebulo.
Kuonjezerapo, pali zowerengeka zotchedwa sweetomers monga isomalt, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, ndi xylitol zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo ambirimbiri osapuka shuga. Izi ndizo zotchedwa shuga zakumwa, ndipo mosiyana ndi zotsekemera zowonjezera, zimatha kukweza shuga m'magazi koma kawirikawiri sizitha kuwonetsa kuti ndizovulaza.
Kuwonjezera apo, zokoma zachilengedwe monga stevia zakhala zikudziwika m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotetezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
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Saccharin (Sweet'N Low, Twin Sugar)Sodium saccharin (benzoic sulfimide) yakhala ikuzungulira kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 koma adatchuka mu 1960 ndi 1970 ngati choyamba chokongoletsera kupanga malonda. Kawirikawiri amadziwika pamakina omwe amawapereka m'kati mwa pinki pakiti, kuphatikizapo Sweet'N Low ndi Sugar Twin.
Pakiti imodzi imakhala ndi magalamu atatu a zimagulu ndipo imakhala ndi chiwerengero cha zero. Ndi bwino kukometsera zakudya zonse zotentha ndi kuzizira.
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Aspartame (Ofanana, Nutrasweet)Aspartame inayamba kulengedwa mu 1965 ndipo inavomerezedwa ndi FDA mu 1981. Nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi chizindikiro chake cha buluu ndipo amagulitsidwa pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Equal and Nutrasweet.
Aspartame imakhala ndi carb imodzi yokha pa packet ndi chiwerengero cha matenda a zero. Zimapangitsa kutaya kwake pang'ono mukamawotcha.
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Sucralose (Splenda)Sucralose ndi imodzi mwa zotsekemera zokoma kwambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku US pansi pa dzina la Splenda. Pali mitundu ina yomwe ilipo, iliyonse yomwe imadziwika ndi paketi yachikasu. Sucralose inavomerezedwa ngati choonjezera cha zakudya mu 1998 ndipo monga cholinga chachikulu chokondweretsa mu 1999.
Sucralose ili ndi pang'ono kuposa gramu ya mavitamini ndi nthendayi ya glycemic ya zero. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zakudya zonse zotentha komanso ozizira.
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Acesulfame Potassium (Wokoma)Acesulfame potassium, yomwe imatchedwa acesulfame K kapena Ace-K, inapezeka mu 1967 ndipo inavomerezedwa ndi FDA kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito monga zakudya zowonjezera mu 2003. Zili ngati pepala lokoma la tableti pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana, monga Sweet Sweet.
Acesulfame potaziyamu ili ndi galasi imodzi yokhala ndi chiwerengero cha zero. Zimakhalabe zolimba pamene zimatenthedwa popanda kutaya kukoma koma nthawi zambiri zimasakanikirana ndi zina zotsekemera kuti zithetsere pambuyo pake.
Acesulfame K imapezeka kawirikawiri m'masitolo ogulira zakudya koma ikhoza kuwonetsedwa pa intaneti kapena m'maketoni ambiri a zamasitolo, kuphatikizapo Walmart.
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Stevia (Truvia, PureVia)Stevia si wokoma mtima wokometsera koma m'malo mwachilengedwe amachokera ku masamba a chomera cha Stevia rebaudiana . Stevia anapatsidwa kutsogolo ndi FDA mu 2008 ndipo mwamsanga wakhala wotchuka, "zachirengedwe" njira zopangira mankhwala okometsera zokoma.
Stevia, pamapangidwe ake apamwamba, amagulitsidwa pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Truvia ndi PureVia. Lili ndi magalamu atatu a carbs pa paketi ndi nthendayi ya glycemic ya zero. Sizimapereka mphamvu zokoma monga zinthu zambiri zopangira koma zimakhazikika pamene zimatenthedwa.
Ambiri opanga stevia amapereka sweeteners awo mu phukusi lobiriwira.
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Shuga Alcohols (Xylitol, Sorbitol)Zakudya za shuga, zomwe zimatchedwanso polyols, zimachokera ku zinthaka za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Amagawidwa ngati zotsekemera zokhudzana ndi thanzi ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatira zina pamagulu a m'magazi, ngakhale kuti ndi otsika kuposa shuga.
Zomwe zimakhudza shuga ya magazi zimasiyana, kuyambira pa chiwerengero cha 13 cha xylitol mpaka 9 cha sorbitol. Zina, monga mannitol, malire ndi zero.
Mosasamala kanthu kuti zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pamagazi a magazi, shuga zina zotengera shuga (monga xylitol ndi mannitol) zingakhale ndi mankhwala ofewetsa khansa ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Zakudya zotsekemerazi sizimapezeka kawirikawiri m'masitolo ogula zakudya koma zimatha kusungidwa kuchokera ku sitolo yaikulu ya mankhwala ndi ogulitsa chakudya.