Ngati mwauzidwa kuti inu kapena wokondedwa wanu muli ndi kansa ya prostate , mwina mumakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi amachizidwa bwanji? Ngakhale khansara ya prostate imapezeka m'mayambiriro a matendawa, zimakhala zachilendo kuti matendawa ayambe kuchitika pamene matendawa apitirira, kutanthawuza gawo 4. Zingakhale zothandiza kumvetsetsa gawoli la nthendayi kuti muyambe kuwona zomwe zimayambitsa matenda kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya prostate.
Khansara ya Prostate
Khansara ya prostate, ngati khansa yonse, imachitika m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana nthawi yonse ya matendawa. Kuzindikira kansa ya prostate ikhoza kuchitika panthawi iliyonse. Ngakhale khansarayi ikukula mofulumira ndipo ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika mu prostate kwa zaka zambiri, potsirizira (kapena mwamsanga), ikhoza kupita kumalo ena a thupi.
Pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana khansa ya prostate, kupimidwa kwa magazi, kuganizira zojambula, ndi mayesero ena amachitidwa kuti aone ngati khansayo ikupita patsogolo ndi kudziwa ngati khansara yakula bwanji kunja kwa prostate. Izi zimayambitsa "siteji" ya khansara ya prostate ndipo imafotokozera momwe imafalikira mu thupi, ndipo ndi njira yofunikira yodziwira njira yabwino yoperekera wodwalayo.
Madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito TNM System kuti ayang'ane siteji ndi kufalitsa khansa ya prostate mwa wodwala. "T" amaimira "chotupa," ndipo amatanthauza kukula kwa khansa yoyamba; "N" amaimira "nodes," ndipo imatanthawuza ngati khansa yayamba kufalikira kumayendedwe apamtima, ndipo "M" imayimira "metastasis" ndipo imatanthawuza ngati khansa yayamba kufalikira kudera la prostate kumalo ozungulira. thupi lonselo.
Zinthu zitatu izi zimakhazikitsa "siteji" ya khansa ya prostate ya wodwalayo. Pali magawo anayi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofotokozera kupititsa patsogolo kansa ya prostate:
- Gawo 1: Khansara imapezeka kumtundu wa prostate ndipo sichidziwikiratu pazochitika zamakono.
- Gawo lachiwiri: Khansara ikadali yozungulira kwa prostate koma yayamba kukula.
- Gawo 3: Khansara yayamba kufalikira pa prostate koma imangokhala ndi zida zochepa chabe.
- Gawo lachinayi: Khansara yakula, kapena yowonongeka, kupitirira prostate ndi minofu yowonjezereka ku maselo a mitsempha ndi ziwalo zina m'thupi.
Gawo 4 Khansara ya Prostate: Tanthauzo ndi Zizindikiro
Khwerero 4 khansara imaonedwa kuti ikupita patsogolo, pamene ikufalikira patali pa prostate ndi malo amodzi kumalo ena a thupi. Gawo ili silitha kuchiritsidwa; Komabe, pali njira zamankhwala zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa zizindikiro zowawa zambiri za kansa ya prostate. Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo kufooka ndi kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi m'magazi, kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kupweteka kwina kulikonse, kapena kupasuka chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mafupa. Amuna ena amamva ululu kapena kuvutika kukodza chifukwa cha kukula kwa prostate; Komabe, izi zingakhalenso chizindikiro cha gawo lililonse la khansa ya prostate.
Kuchiza kwa Khansa Yopambana ya Prostate
Ndikofunika kuzindikiranso kuti ngakhale khansara ya prostate siipiritsika, imachiritsidwa. Mankhwala sangathe kuchepetsa kukula kwa khansa koma amatha kusintha zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi khansa. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa pochiza khansa yapamwamba ya prostate m'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndipo chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuwonjezeka.
Mankhwala atsopano avomerezedwa, ndipo mankhwala ambiri akuyang'aniratu m'mayesero a zachipatala . Popeza mwachindunji kansa ya prostate yafalikira ku zigawo zina za thupi, opaleshoni nthawi zambiri sitingathe kutero chifukwa cha matendawa. Komabe pali njira zingapo zothandizira:
Thandizo la Hormonal
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi mahomoni amatchulidwa kuti achepetse kukula kwake ndi kupewa kutaya kwa chifuwa kapena zotupa. Mankhwalawa angapangitse zotsatira zovuta , monga kuchepa kwa libido, kutentha kwambiri, ndi kukula kwa mawere, koma akhoza kusintha kwambiri khalidwe ndikuwonjezera moyo wa amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate ya Stage 4.
Thandizo la mahomoni limakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa kansa ya prostate yopitirira nthawi, ndipo potsiriza, mankhwalawa amasiya kugwira ntchito.
Chemotherapy
Pamene wodwalayo amasiya kuwayankha mankhwala a mahomoni, mankhwala a chemotherapy nthawi zambiri ndi sitepe yotsatira. Izi ndizopweteka kwambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kudzera mwa IV pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chemotherapy imakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa zambiri koma imatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa kansa ya prostate.
Thandizo loperekedwa ndi mafupa
Khansara yapamwamba ya prostate imafalikira ku chigoba. Matenda a zifuwa chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kumeneku angapangitse ululu wopitirira ndi mavuto kwa amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate ya Stage 4. Kawirikawiri mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi kuthetsa ululu wa mafupa mwa odwala awa. Mankhwalawa amatha kufooketsa mafupa, choncho nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuti mafupa azikhala olimbitsa thupi komanso kuthandizira kuchepetsa ngozi.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy ndi njira yatsopano yosangalatsa kwa amuna omwe ali ndi kansa ya prostate, omwe ali ndi mankhwala amodzi omwe akuvomerezedwa, ndipo ena akuyesedwa mu mayesero a zamankhwala. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kwambiri kuti chitetezo cha thupi chitetezeke ku maselo a khansa. Immunotherapy ikhoza kuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo ndipo zingayambitse matendawa kwa amuna ena omwe amamva bwino mankhwala.
Kukhala ndi Khansa ya Prostate
Kutulukira kwa khansa yapaderayi ndi mantha, koma si nokha. Ganizirani kulowetsa gulu lothandizira m'dera lanu kapena pa intaneti komwe mungathe kugwirizana ndi amuna ena omwe akukumana ndi vuto lomwelo. Ngati ndi wokondedwa wanu amene akukhala ndi khansara ya prostate, onani ndondomekoyi momwe mungathandizire wokondedwa ndi khansara .
Zotsatira:
Mulders, P., De Santis, M., Powles, T., ndi K. Fizazi. Katemera wothandizidwa ndi khansara ya prostate yosagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala a sipuleucel-T immunotherapy. Khansa Immunology, Immunotherapy . 2015. 64 (6): 655-63.
National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha khansa ya prostate - kwa akatswiri azaumoyo (PDQ). Kusinthidwa 10/23/15.
Park, J., ndi M. Eisenberger. Kupititsa patsogolo pa Chithandizo cha Khansa ya Prostate ya Metastatic. Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2015. 90 (12): 1719-33.
Urology Care Foundation. Kansa yapamwamba ya Prostate.