Khwerero la Khansa ya Prostate

Kodi Matenda a Khansa ya Prostate ndi Chiyani?

"Gawo" la kansa ya prostate limatanthawuza momwe zimakhalira patsogolo kapena kufalikira mu thupi lonse.

Machitidwe akulu awiri akufotokoza za kansa ya prostate. Ndondomeko ya "TNM" ndiyo yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma njira ya Jewett imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala ena. Zonsezi ndizomwe zili pansipa.

Kodi Makhalidwe Anu a TNM Amatanthauza Chiyani?

Njira ya TNM yofotokoza kansa ya prostate imagwiritsa ntchito makalata akuti "T," "N," ndi "M" kutanthauza "Tumor," "Nodes," ndi "Metastasis."

Chotsatira ndicho kusweka kwachinthu chomwe chiri chonse mu dongosolo lino chimatanthauza.

Mimba Yamtundu (T)

• TX: Chotupa chachikulu sichinali kapena sichinayesedwe.
• T0: Palibe umboni wa chotupa chachikulu.
• T1: Chotupacho sichinapezeke poyesedwa kapena pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula (monga ultrasound kapena MRI scan ), koma anapezeka mwadzidzidzi panthawi yamakono kapena opaleshoni .

  --T1a: Chotupacho chikupezeka mu 5% kapena pang'ono pa minofu yomwe inatengedwa.

  --T1b: Chotupachi chikupezeka m'zinthu zoposa 5% zomwe zinatengedwa.

  --T1c: Chotupacho chinapezeka ndi biopsy ya singano pambuyo pa mlingo wokwera wa PSA .

• T2: Chotupacho chimapezeka kokha mu prostate palokha.

  --T2a: Chotupacho chimapezeka mu 50% kapena pansi pa lobe imodzi.

  --T2b: Chotupacho chimapezeka muposa 50% mwa lobe imodzi.

  --T2c: Chotupacho chimapezeka m'malalo onse awiri.

• T3: Chotupacho chapitirira kupyolera mu capsule yomwe ili pafupi ndi prostate.

  --T3a: Chotupacho chinangopita kupyola mu kapsule popanda kuwononga ziwalo za m'mimba.

  --T3b: Chotupachi chasokoneza mavitamini a seminal.

  T4: Chotupachi chasokoneza ziwalo kapena ziphuphu pafupi ndi prostate kupatulapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimaphatikizapo khosi la chikhodzodzo, kachilomboka, ndi khoma lachiuno pamodzi ndi zina.

Node (N)

• NX: Mafupa amphongo sanali kapena sakanakhoza kuyesedwa.
• N0: Mfundozi sizimasonyeza umboni wa khansa.
• N1: Mfundozi zimasonyeza umboni wa khansa.

Metastasis (M)

• MX: Kukhalapo kwa metastases kunalibe kapena sikukanakhoza kuyesedwa.
• M0: Palibe umboni uliwonse wa ma metastasis akutali.
• M1: Pali umboni wa ma metastasis akutali.

• --M1a: Khansara yapezeka m'magulu am'thupi kusiyana ndi prostate.
• --M1b: Khansa yapezeka mu fupa.
• --M1c: Khansa yapezeka m'dera lina la thupi.

Kodi Yewett Stage Yanu Imatanthauza Chiyani?

Ndondomeko ya Yewett imagwiritsa ntchito makalata A kupyolera mu D pofuna kusonyeza magulu oyambirira. A ndi yopambana kwambiri ndipo D ndiye wopambana kwambiri. Pakati pa gulu lirilonse loyamba, palinso kusintha kwa magawo ena.

Chotsatira ndicho kusweka kwachinthu chomwe chiri chonse mu dongosolo lino chimatanthauza.

Gawo A

Mu Gawo A, chotupa chachikulu sichitha kuzindikiridwa mwa kufufuza ndipo chimapezedwa mwadzidzidzi panthawi yopaleshoni.

Gawo B

Mu Gawo B, chotupacho chingapezeke mwa kuyesedwa (kaya kuyesedwa thupi kapena kuyesedwa kwa PSA ) koma kumapezeka kokha mu prostate palokha.

Gawo C

Mu Gawo C, chotupachi chikupezekabe m'dera loyandikana ndi prostate koma chafutukula kupyolera mu capsule yomwe imaphimba prostate ndipo ikhoza kulowa mkati mwa ziwalo zowonongeka.

Gawo D

Mu Gawo D, khansara yakula kapena imafalikira kutali ndi prostate .

• --Substage A1: Khansa imasiyanitsidwa bwino (kutanthauza kuti maselo a khansa ndi ofunika kwambiri pansi pa microscope) ndipo ali ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka prostate.

• --Kubzala A2: Khansara imakhala yosiyana kapena yosiyana kwambiri (kutanthauza kuti maselo a khansa amayang'ana maonekedwe osasangalatsa pansi pa microscope) ndipo amapezeka m'malo oposa limodzi mwa prostate.
• --Substage B0: Khansara sichikhoza kumveka (kumverera) ndi dokotala, koma imapezeka chifukwa cha msinkhu wa PSA.
• --Substage B1: Chokhachokha chokhacho chimapezeka mu lobe imodzi ya prostate.
• --Substage B2: Mbali imodzi ya khansa imapezeka mu lobe imodzi kapena ma lobes onse a prostate.
• --Substage C1: Khansara yafalikira kudzera mu kapsule yomwe ili ndi prostate.
• --Substage C2: Khansara yafalikira kupyolera mu capsule yomwe ili ndi prostate ndipo yayamba kuletsa kutuluka kwa mkodzo kuchokera ku chikhodzodzo cha chikhodzodzo kapena ureters (timapinde tomwe timanyamula mkodzo kuchokera ku impso kupita ku chikhodzodzo).

• --Substage D0: Khansara imapezeka kokha mu prostate mwa kuyesa ndi kuyesa zojambula (monga ultrasound kapena MRI), koma mayesero a magazi akupitiriza kusonyeza mapangidwe ambiri a ma enzyme omwe amatanthauza khansara yakulalika.
• --Substage D1: Khansara yayamba kufalikira ku maselo am'mimba pafupi ndi prostate.
• --Substage D2: Khansara yayamba kufalikira ku maselo akutali, mafupa, kapena ziwalo zina.
• --Kubisika D3: Khansara yayamba kufalikira monga mu Substage D2, koma khansara yabwerera pakutsata mankhwala oyenera.

_Chitsime:

> Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th Edition. 2004.