Khansa Yosazolowereka Kawirikawiri Amayang'anitsitsa Achinyamata
Khansara ya mafupa ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe angakhudze ana ndi akulu, ngakhale kuti ndi ofala kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Amagawidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ngati khansara imachokera mu fupa (pulayimale) kapena imafalikira kuchokera kumalo ena kupita ku fupa (kumapeto).
Mfundo Zachidule
Khansara yaikulu yapafu imaonedwa kukhala yosawerengeka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansara ya mfupa yapakati, kuphatikizapo:
- osteosarcoma (kumachitika kawirikawiri bondo ndi mkono wapamwamba)
- chondrosarcoma (zomwe zimakhudza makamaka mapepala, mwendo wakutsogolo, ndi mapewa)
- Sutcoma ya Ewing (yomwe imawoneka pamphuno, mapiko, mikono, ndi miyendo)
- malignant fibrous hertiocytoma (makamaka yogwira bondo ndi mikono)
- fibrosarcoma chordoma (makamaka kukhudza chigaza ndi mafupa a pakati)
Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, ndi Ewing's sarcoma ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri ya khansa yapakhungu yapafupa.
Kusanthula kwachiwiri
Khansa yapachifupa yamphindi imakhala yowonjezereka kuposa khansara ya mfupa yapamtima Monga lamulo, pamene khansa yachiwiri yapfupa ya fupa imapezeka, timatchula khansara ndi malo ochokera kumalo osati chiwalo chimene chakhudza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansara ya pakhosi yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi khansara ya m'mawere (yakufa) imatchedwa khansara ya mafupa koma m'malo mwake imakhala "khansa ya m'mawere ya m'mawere."
Khansara ya mnofu ya pachifuwa imayesedwa kwambiri ndipo imaikidwa ngati nthata ya 4 (metastatic) matenda, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake, imakhala ndi ziwalo zambiri.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, khansara ya mfupa imayikidwa kuchokera pa siteji 1 mpaka siteji 4 malinga ndi kukula kwake, makhalidwe ake, ndi malo ake.
Zifukwa Zoyamba
Ngakhale tilibe njira zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa khansara ya mfupa, timadziwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi malo obadwa nawo omwe amawonjezera kowopsa kansana ya mafupa komanso mitundu ina ya khansa.
Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Zambiri zimapangitsa (mafupa omwe amabweretsa mafupa)
- Matenda a Rothmund-Thomson ( matenda obadwa ndi khungu, tsitsi lochepa, ndi mafupa osapindika)
- retinoblastoma yachibadwa (mtundu wobadwa ndi khansa umene umakhudza retina ndipo ukhoza kuchititsa mapangidwe a mafupa)
- Matenda a Li-Fraumeni (matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa)
- Matenda a Paget a fupa (matenda omwe amathyola pang'onopang'ono mafupa)
Mankhwala ochizira mazira a m'mbuyomu adatchulidwanso kuti amachititsa kuti khansa yapakhungu yapakhosi, makamaka ikaperekedwa ali mwana. X-ray sichimaonedwa ngati yoopsa, koma mlingo waukulu (nthawi zambiri kuposa 60 Gy) ukhoza kukhala chinthu chofunikira. Izi zimachitika ngati mwana akuchiritsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa khansara yemwe amalandira njira yopangira ma radiation.
Zizindikiro za Khansa ya M'magazi
Zizindikiro za khansa ya fupa zimasiyana munthu, koma ululu ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mafupa aatali a thupi, ngati manja ndi miyendo.
Zizindikiro zina zingaphatikizepo:
- chikondi chachikondi kapena kutupa
- fractures chifukwa cha fupa lofooka
- kutopa
- kuperewera kwa magazi
- malungo
- kutaya kwadzidzidzi kolemetsa
Kuzindikira Khansa ya Matenda
Ngati zizindikiro pamodzi ndi zofufuza za thupi lanu zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa khansara ya mafupa, mayesero ena adzachitika.
Mayesero ojambula, monga X-ray, kujambula kwa maginito (MRI), ndi computers (tom scans) (CT scans), angathandize kuzindikira zosaoneka bwino zomwe siziwoneka mwa maso. Chinthu chinanso chogwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi chopangira fupa chimathandiza kuti madokotala aziona ntchito ya mafupa. Pochita zimenezi, amatha kuona kukula kwatsopano kapena kumene mafupa angakhale atagwa.
Pamapeto pake, fupa la pfupa limapereka umboni weniweni wa khansa yapafupa. Chinthuchi chimaphatikizapo kuchotsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafupa kuti akafufuzidwe pansi pa microscope. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yosachepera ola limodzi ndipo zimachitika ngati opaleshoni yopita kuchipatala.
Kupanga chiopsezo kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi khansa yapamtima ya mafupa kungakhale kovuta chifukwa pali chiopsezo chofalitsa khansara malo omwe amachokera. Amafuna ochita opaleshoni wodziŵa bwino kwambiri akuchiritsa odwala ali ndi khansa yapafupa.
Kuchiza kwa Mipingo
Chinsinsi cha chithandizo choyenera ndikumakhala ndi gulu lachipatala lomwe limakhala ndi khansa yapakhungu yapafupa. Gulu lanu lingaphatikizepo zachipatala oncologists, ma radiation oncologists, radiologists, opaleshoni oncologists, mafupa oncologists, ndi akatswiri aphologists.
Pali mitundu itatu yokha ya chithandizo cha khansa yapakhungu yapafupa: opaleshoni, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndi chemotherapy. Nthaŵi zambiri, mankhwala amodzi oposa amodzi amafunika.
- Kuchita opaleshoni ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri ya khansa ya mfupa. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni cha khansa yosagwidwa ndi mafupa sichikuphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa minofu ya mitsempha ya khansa ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka minofu yoyandikana nayo. Mazira kapena mankhwala amtundu wa mankhwala angapangidwe pambuyo pake kuti athetse maselo otsala.
- Mankhwalawa amagwiritsira ntchito mazira kwambiri omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke kapena kuthetsa maselo a kansa. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pafupipafupi pofuna kuchepetsa ululu. Ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation angawononge maselo a thanzi lapafupi, maselo amenewa amakhala okhwima kwambiri kuposa odwala khansa ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuchira.
- Chemotherapy amagwira ntchito mwa kupha maselo ochuluka mofulumira. Izi zimaphatikizapo maselo a khansa komanso maselo ena omwe amawongolera mofulumira, kuphatikizapo mafupa, mafupa, ndi maselo omwe akugwiritsira ntchito tsamba la m'mimba. Momwemonso, chemotherapy ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zambiri .
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa ya mafupa, mwachibadwa mumakhala ndi mantha komanso mantha. Pitani kwa achibale ndi abwenzi. Kuyankhula ndi ena omwe akhalapo, kaya kudzera m'magulu a zamalonda kapena magulu othandizira omwe akukonzedwa ndi chipatala chanu kapena chipatala, akhoza kuthandiza kwambiri.
Tengani tsiku limodzi pa nthawi ndikuyesera kuphunzira zambiri za matenda anu momwe mungathere. Mukamachita zimenezi, mukhoza kukhala wothandizira nokha. Izi sizidzakuthandizani kuti mupirire bwino, zikhoza kukupatsani mphamvu zowonongeka ndi kudzidalira pazinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zingakhumudwitse ndi akatswiri.
> Zosowa
- > American Cancer Society. "Khansara ya Matenda." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa 21, 21, 2016.
- > National Cancer Institute. "Osteosarcoma ndi Malignant Fibous Histiocytoma ya Bone Treatment -Health Professional Version (PDQ)." Washington, DC; inatulutsidwa pa March 20, 2016.