Mitundu Ina ya Khansa

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Adayang'aniranso ndi dokotala wodziwika bwino

Mitundu ya khansa

Khansara si nthendayi, koma mndandanda wa matenda oposa 200. Zowonjezera, ndizovuta kulankhula za khansara popanda kumvetsetsa mtundu wina wa khansara amene wina wapanga. Pali njira zingapo zomwe khansa zimagawidwa. Kumvetsetsa momwe khansa imatchulidwira ndi kusankhidwa kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa mawu ena akunja omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhula za izi.

Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya khansa

Zina mwa njira za khansa zimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana monga:

Mwa mtundu wa maselo kapena minofu kumene khansa inayamba
Ndi chiwalo kapena bungwe lomwe khansa inayambira

Khansa ikhozanso kutchulidwa kuti "olimba" kapena khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi. Khansa zokhudzana ndi magazi zikuphatikizapo leukemias, maimymphomas, ndi myelomas, pamene khansa yamphamvu imaphatikizapo khansa zina zonse. Zizindikiro zina zosiyanitsa za zotupa zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Myeloma Ndi Wopweteka Wopanda Magazi Amagazi
Kodi Kutayirira Kwa Nail Kumeneko Kungakhale Melanoma?

Khansa yapakati ndi Metastases

Nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka pa kukambirana za khansa kumachitika pamene khansara imafalitsa ( metastasizes ) ku dera lina la thupi. Khansara ikafalikira, imatchedwa mtundu wa khansa yeniyeni kapena chiwalo chimene chinayambira, osati kwa dera la thupi limene limakula. Ichi ndi khansara yaikulu .

Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa ya m'mawere imayamba m'mawere ndipo kenako imafalikira kumapapo sichikanatchedwa khansara yamapapo. M'malomwake, amatchulidwa kuti "masewera a kansa ya m'mawere." Mu chitsanzo ichi, khansara ya m'mawere ikhoza kukhala khansara yoyamba ndipo mapapo adzakhala malo a metastasis.

Kawirikawiri, madokotala sangathe kudziwa kumene khansa inayamba koma amangopeza umboni wa khansara kumene wakula. Izi zimatchulidwa monga chachikulu kapena khansa yosadziwika yomwe imayambira ndi metastasis ku malo kumene khansa imapezeka.

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusankha ngati chotupa chili choipa (osati khansara) kapena choipa (khansa). Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zotupa zowonongeka komanso zoopsa , koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti zivundi zoopsa zingathe kufalikira (m'madera ena a thupi). Izi ndizo kufalikira kwa khansara kudzera m'magazi kapena ma lymphatic omwe amachititsa anthu ambiri kufa ndi khansara. Kuti izi zikhale zosokoneza kwambiri, zotupa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maselo osakaniza, maselo osakanikirana , ndi maselo a khansa.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maselo a kansa ndi maselo omwe amakhalapo chifukwa cha khalidwe la khansa. Maselo a khansa alibe "zowonjezera" zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa mamolekyu otetezera omwe amagwiritsira ntchito maselo omwe ali nawo.

Maselo a khansa amalephera kutsatira malamulo "achibadwa" a kukula kwa maselo, kuwonjezeka ndi kugawa pamene sakuyenera, ndi kulephera kufa pamene ayenera.

Mchitidwe wa thumb (ndi zosiyana) kudziwa ngati chotupacho ndi choipa kapena choipa chifukwa cha dzina lake ndikuti zivundi zoopsa zimaphatikizapo dzina la selo lenileni limene linayamba. Mwachitsanzo, chifuwa chachikulu cha pakhosi chimatha kutchedwa oste oma , koma chotupa choopsa, ndi osteo sarcoma . Mofananamo, angi oma imatchula chifuwa choopsa cha mitsempha ya magazi, pamene angio sarcoma imasonyeza khansara ya mitsempha ya magazi. Chimodzi mwa zosiyana ndi khansa ya khansa ya khansa, yomwe ndi khansa ya khansa ya maselo otchedwa melanocytes. Zambiri pa izi motsatira.

Khansa ndi Mtundu kapena Mtundu wa Matenda

Dzina la khansa zambiri zimachokera ku maselo omwe khansa imayambira. Kumvetsetsa mitunduyi ya maselo angakhale othandiza ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansara. Mwachitsanzo, mwinamwake mwauzidwa kuti muli ndi khansara ya impso, koma khansa ya impso ingamve mosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa khungu la impso kumene zimayamba.

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu isanu ndi umodzi ya khansara yotengera mtundu wa selo:

Katemera
Sarcomas
Myelomas
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo blastomas)

Katemera

Mankhwala a kansa ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri pa khansa, ndipo amawerengera 80 peresenti mpaka 90 peresenti ya khansa. Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'maselo otchedwa maselo a epithelial . Maselo a epithelial akuphatikizapo maselo a khungu ndi ziwalo za thupi ndi zivundikiro. Mankhwala a carcinoma angapangidwe kwambiri:

Adenocarcinomas: Adenocarcinomas imayamba m'maselo osakaniza omwe amapanga madzi, monga mkaka wa m'mawere.
Squamous cell carcinomas: Zitsanzo za maselo a squamous zimaphatikizapo zomwe zili pamwamba pa khungu, gawo lapamwamba la chiwalo ndi mpweya, ndi gawo lochepa la chiberekero ndi chiberekero.
Basal cell carcinomas: Maselo a basal alipo pakhungu ndipo ndiwo maselo a khungu kwambiri.
Maselo a transitional cell: maselo osintha ndi maselo ophwanyidwa omwe "amatambasula" ndipo amakhala mu chikhodzodzo ndi ziwalo za impso.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yeniyeni yeniyeniyi, ma carcinomas angatchulidwe malinga ndi malo awo.

Kodi Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Impso Ndi Ziti?
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Khansa ya M'magazi

Mwachitsanzo, mawere a m'mawere omwe amapezeka m'matope ochepa amatha kutchulidwa kuti carcinomas, koma omwe amapezeka mu makondomu amachitidwa kuti ndi lobular carcinoma.

Mankhwala a kansa ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi matenda osagwira ntchito, choncho ndi okhawo khansa omwe amawunikira nthawi zonse. Mankhwala omwe ali "opezeka" ndipo sanafalikire pamtunda, amatchedwa carcinoma in situ kapena CIN. Khansayo imadziwika pa nthawi yoyamba, chisautso choyambitsa, chiyenera, kuchiritsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa.

Sarcomas

Sarcomas ndi khansa ya mafupa ndi mafupa ofewa a thupi omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo omwe amatchedwa maselo a mesenchymal . Izi zimaphatikizapo khansa ya mafupa, minofu (zigoba zonse ndi minofu yosalala), matumbo, mitsempha, mitsempha, mitsempha ya mitsempha, mitsempha, matenda a synovial (ziwalo zomangira pamodzi), ndi matenda a mafuta. Zitsanzo za mitsempha zimaphatikizapo:

Osteosarcoma (mafupa a khansa): Osteocytes ndi maselo a fupa.
Chondrosarcoma (khansa ya khansa): Maselo a khungu amatchedwa chondroblasts.
Liposarcoma (mafuta a minofu khansa)
Rhabdomyosarcoma (khansa ya mitsempha ya khansa)
Leiomyosarcoma (yosavuta khansa ya khansa)
Angiosarcoma (khansa zamagazi zamagazi)
Mesothelioma (khansa ya mesothelium, ziphuphu zomwe zimayika pachifuwa ndi mimba)
Matenda a fibrosarcoma (khansa ya tizilombo tofiira)
Glioma ndi astrocytoma (maselo a minofu yogwirizana mu ubongo)

Myelomas

Myeloma, wotchedwanso multipleeloma, ndi khansa ya maselo m'thupi lomwe limatchedwa maselo a plasma. Maselo a plasma ndiwo maselo omwe amapanga ma antibodies.

Leukemias

Leukemias ndi khansa ya maselo a magazi, ndipo amayamba m'mafupa. Pakati pa khansa zokhudzana ndi magazi, ma leukemias amadziwika kuti "khansa zamadzimadzi" mosiyana ndi myelomas ndi malimymim. Popeza khansa imeneyi imaphatikizapo maselo omwe amazungulira m'magazi a magazi, nthawi zambiri amachizidwa ngati khansa yamphamvu yomwe yafalikira Zitsanzo ndi:

Mavitamini amphamvu kwambiri a leukemias (ALL): Awa ndi khansa ya maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amadziwika kuti lymphocytes .
Lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi (CLL)
Zovuta kwambiri za myelocytic leukemias (AML): Awa ndi khansa ya maselo okhwima kapena amchere omwe amatchedwa myelocytes, monga neutrophils .
Matenda a myelocytic a m'magazi (CML)

Lymphomas

Mafupa ndi ma khansa omwe amachokera ku maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala m'magulu amtunduwu kapena kuchokera ku malo otchedwa extranodal monga mimba, m'mimba, kapena m'matumbo. Izi zathyoledwa kulowa:

Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana

Si zachilendo kuti khansara ikhale ndi mitundu yambiri ya minofu. Maselo a khansa amasiyana ndi maselo ochibadwa m'njira zambiri, imodzi mwa iwo imatchedwa kusiyana. Ena khansa angawoneke ngati maselo omwe amachokera (awa amatchedwa "matenda osiyana kwambiri"), koma ena sangafanane nawo (mungaone mawu oti "undifferentiated" pa lipoti la matenda). Kuphatikiza pa izi, matenda ambiri "ali osagwirizana." Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo omwe ali mbali imodzi ya chotupa amatha kuwoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi maselo omwe ali mbali ina ya chotupa. Mwachitsanzo, kansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kukhala ndi maselo omwe amawoneka ngati adenocarcinoma ndi ena omwe amaoneka ngati squamous cell carcinoma. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa mu lipoti la matenda ngati kukhala ndi "zida zowonongeka".

Mtundu wa khansa umene nthawi zina umasiyanitsidwa ndi blastomas. Awa ndiwo khansa omwe amapezeka mumaselo ammabiloni-maselo omwe sanasankhe njira yokhala maselo a epithelial kapena maselo a mesenchymal.

Khansa ndi Njira Zamagulu Kuyambira Mutu mpaka Mtola

Khansa imakhalanso yosiyana ndi ziwalo kapena ziwalo zomwe zimayambira. Kugawidwa mwanjira iyi, khansa ina ikuphatikizapo:

Matenda a khansa yapakatikati

Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Khansa yomwe imafalikira ku ubongo siimatengedwa ngati khansa ya ubongo, koma m'malo mwa ubongo wa metastases, ndipo nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri zimakhala zofala kuposa khansa zapakati za ubongo. Mosiyana ndi zotupa m'madera ena a thupi, khansa ya ubongo nthawi zambiri imafalitsa kunja kwa ubongo. Khansa yomwe imafalikira ku ubongo ndi khansara yamapapo, kansa ya m'mawere, ndi khansa ya khansa. Zonsezi, chiwerengero cha khansa ya ubongo chawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwapa.

Gliomas ndi Cancer ya ubongo

Mutu wa khansa

Khansa ya mutu ndi khosi ingakhudze gawo lirilonse la mutu ndi khosi kuchokera ku lilime kupita ku zingwe za mawu. M'mbuyomu, khansa imeneyi inkawonekera kwambiri mwa anthu omwe anali oledzera komanso osuta fodya. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, papillomavirus (HPV) ya anthu yakhala yofunika kwambiri ya khansayi, yomwe ili pafupi ndi anthu 10,000 omwe amapanga khansa ya mutu ndi khosi zokhudzana ndi HPV chaka chilichonse ku United States kokha. Ma khansa awiriwa ndi awa:

Khansara yam'mimba: Pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya khansa ya mutu ndi khosi ndi khansa yapakamwa. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi pakamwa, lilime, tonsils, mmero (pharynx), ndi njira zamphongo.
Khansara ya Larynge : (khansa ya zingwe)

Khansa ya Khansa

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti khansara ya m'mawere ndi khansa yowonongeka kwambiri, koma ndikofunika kufotokoza kuti amuna amatenga khansa ya m'mawere. Pafupifupi 1 pa 100 khansa ya m'mawere amapezeka mwa amuna. Mtundu wochuluka wa khansa ya m'mawere ndi ductal carcinoma.

Popeza ma khansa ambiri a m'mawere ndi khansa, nthawi zina amawoneka asanakhale oopsa. Izi zimatengedwa kuti "carcinoma in situ" kapena khansa ya m'mawere. Gawo la khansa ya m'mimba 1 mpaka 4 ndi magawo oopsa a matendawa. Mungamve mayina ena enieni:

Ductal carcinoma in situ ya m'mawere ndi lobular carcinoma in situ : Carcinoma in situ ndi sitepe yoyambirira yomwe khansa ya m'mawere imatha kupezeka ndipo imaonedwa ngati gawo 0. Izi khansa sizinalowe kupyolera mu thumba la pansi ndipo zimaonedwa kuti sizowonongeka. Kawirikawiri amadziwika ngati biopsy yachitidwa kuti ikhale yosavomerezeka pa masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Khansara ya m'thupi (yoopsa ) yomwe imatuluka m'mimba, imatengedwa ngati yosalala. Zingakhale zoopsa kumva kuti muli ndi khansara "yoopsa" koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kansa yanu yafalikira. Monga tanenera kale, ngakhale siteji 1 imatchedwa "khansara" ya m'mawere yooneka ngati chotupa pamakina kakang'ono kakang'ono.
Khansara ya m'mimba yotupa: Khansa ya m'mimba yotupa, mosiyana ndi khansa zina za m'mawere, sichisonyeza ngati mtanda. M'malo mwake, magawo oyambirira a matendawa amawoneka ngati ofiira ndi kuthamanga pa bere.
Khansa ya m'mawere ya m'mawere : Apanso, khansa ya m'mawere imapezeka mwa amuna. Pamene izo zitero, ndizokayikitsa kuti pali chigawo cha chibadwa, ndipo mbiri ya banja ya khansa ya m'mawere kwa amuna m'banja lanu iyenera kuyambitsa zokambirana ndi dokotala wanu.

Khansa Yam'mimba

> Penyani magawo a khansa yamapapo.

Khansa ya m'mapapo ndi mazira amodzi ndi omwe amachititsa anthu kufa ndi khansa kwa amuna ndi akazi ku United States. Ngakhale kusuta ndi chinthu chowopsa kwa matendawa, khansara yamapapo imapezeka ndi osuta fodya. Ndipotu, khansa ya m'mapapo mwa anthuwa ndi nthenda yachisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe imayambitsa khansa ku United States. Khansa ya m'magazi imachepetsanso, makamaka ikukhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa fodya, koma ikukula kwa achinyamata akuluakulu, makamaka achinyamata, osasuta. Chifukwa chake sichimveka panthawi ino. Mitundu yomwe mungamve za:

Khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo : Khansara ya khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mapira (yomwe imachititsa pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo) imaphatikizapo mapapu adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma m'mapapo, ndi khansa yayikulu yamapapo ya m'mapapo.
Khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo : Khansara yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo imapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akusuta.
Mesothelioma : Mesothelioma ndi khansara ya mesothelium yofuula-yomwe ili pafupi ndi mapapo. Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhudzana ndi asibesitosi.

Mankhwala a Khansa ya Digestive

Mankhwala a kansa amatha kupezeka paliponse kuchokera pakamwa kupita ku anus. Ambiri mwa khansa ndi adenocarcinomas, ndi squamous cell carcinomas ikupezeka pamwamba komanso mbali ya anus. Mitundu ikuphatikizapo:

Khansa ya Esophageal : Kafukufuku wochuluka kwambiri wa khansa ya athapa yasintha m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Ngakhale kansa ya maseŵera otchedwa scamous cell (nthawi zambiri yokhudzana ndi kusuta ndi kumwa) inali nthawi yofala kwambiri ya matenda, isophageal adenocarcinoma (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi asidi ya reflux acid) ndilofala kwambiri lero.
Khansara ya m'mimba : Khansa ya m'mimba sizoloŵera ku United States, koma ndi mtundu wamba wa khansa padziko lapansi.
Khansara ya Pancreatic : Khansara yapancreatic ndi yochepa kuposa khansa zina, koma ndichinayi chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a khansa mwa amuna ndi akazi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'zigawo zochepa za matendawa pamene opaleshoni sizingatheke.
Khansara ya chiwindi : Khansa yaikulu ya chiwindi ndi yachilendo, ndi khansa yamatenda ku chiwindi yomwe ikufala kwambiri. Zowopsa za khansa ya chiwindi zimaphatikizapo kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso matenda aakulu omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha B kapena C.
Khansara ya Colon : Khansara ya Colon imatchulidwa kuti khansara yambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo khansa zonse za rectum ndi chapamwamba. Ndilo chifukwa chachitatu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a khansa kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Kansalu Yachilendo : Khansara ya khansa imasiyana ndi khansa yamtundu uliwonse m'matenda ndi zifukwa. Kutenga ndi HPV tsopano kumayambitsa khansa yambiri ya khansa.

Khansa ya Mchitidwe Wachilengedwe

Mankhwalawa amachititsa impso, chikhodzodzo, zikhomo zogwirizana ndi impso ndi chikhodzodzo (zotchedwa ureters), ndi urethra (njira yotuluka m'chikhodzodzo). Njirayi imaphatikizansopo zinthu monga prostate gland. Mitundu ikuphatikizapo:

Khansara ya Impso : Kafukufuku wambiri wa khansa ya impso ndi renal cell carcinoma (pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya milandu), transitional cell carcinoma, ndi chotupa cha Wilms kwa ana.
Khansara ya chikhodzodzo : Pafupifupi theka la khansa ya chikhodzodzo imayamba chifukwa cha kusuta fodya. Amene amagwira ntchito ndi utoto (ink) amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu.
Khansara ya prostatate : Prostate ndichiwiri chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa khansara imfa mwa amuna, koma tsopano ali ndi zaka zisanu zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimakhalapo.

Khansa Yopanga Kubereka

Mankhwala a khansa yobereka akhoza kuchitika mwa amuna ndi akazi. Khansara ya ovarian ndi yachisanu mwachidziwitso chachikulu cha khansa zakufa mwa amayi, ndipo ngakhale kuchiritsidwa kumayambiriro, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuti zatha kale. Mitundu ikuphatikizapo:

Khansara yamatsenga
Khansara ya ovarian (kuphatikizapo majeremusi maselo)
Khansa ya chiberekero (kansa ya endometrial)
Khansara yamagazi yamatsenga
Khansara ya chiberekero

Khansa ya Endocrine

Ambiri amachititsa khansa, kupatulapo khansa ya chithokomiro. Matenda otchedwa endocrine ndiwo magulu omwe amachititsa mahomoni ndipo, motero, akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro za kupweteka kwa ma hormoni. Kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya khansa ya endocrine ikhoza kuyenda m'mabanja ndipo imatchedwa MEN, yomwe imayimira multipleocrin neoplasia.

Khansara ya chithokomiro : Chiwerewere cha khansa ya chithokomiro chikuchulukitsa United States kuposa khansara iliyonse. Mwamwayi, kuchulukitsa kwa mitundu yambiri ya khansa ili pamwamba.

Matenda a Khan ndi Mafupa Amodzi

Monga taonera pamwambapa, khansa ikhoza kupezeka m'mapfupa komanso matenda ofepa a thupi monga minofu, mitsempha, minofu, komanso mitsempha ya magazi. Mosiyana ndi mafupa oyambirira a mafupa, omwe sakhala achilendo, khansara yomwe imakhala yopweteka kwambiri imafala. Khansara ya mafupa, kaya yaikulu kapena metastatic, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro za ululu kapena kupweteka kwa matenda -kupumphuka kumene kumachitika m'fupa komwe kumafooketsedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa chotupa. Mitundu ikuphatikizapo:

Osteosarcoma (mafupa a khansa)
Kaposi's sarcoma : Kaposi's sarcoma ndi khansa yofewa yomwe imawoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / AIDS.
Sutcoma ya Ewing : Sutcoma ya Ewing ndi kansa ya mafupa yomwe imakhudza kwambiri ana.

Mankhwala othandiza magazi

Khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi imaphatikizapo zonsezi zokhudzana ndi maselo a magazi ndi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi maselo amphamvu a chitetezo cha mthupi, monga ma lymph nodes. Zowopsya za khansa zokhudzana ndi magazi zimasiyana mosiyana ndi khansa zamphamvu mu zochitika zowononga zachilengedwe komanso ma virus (monga Epstein -Barr HIV, yomwe imayambitsa mononucleosis) imathandiza kwambiri. Awa ndi khansa yowonongeka kwambiri kwa ana.

Khansa za Khungu

Khansa ya khungu nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu: khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa. Ngakhale kuti khansa ya khungu yopanda khansa ya khansa imakhala yofala kwambiri, khansa ya khansa imayambitsa matenda ambiri a khansa ya khungu.

Njira Zina Zomwe Khansa Zimayendera

Kuwonjezera pa kugawa khansa ndi mitundu ya maselo ndi ziwalo, zotupa nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'njira zina.

Pakati pa chotupacho: Kalasi ndiyeso ya kupweteka kwa chotupa. Chotupa cha 1 chochepa sichikwiya ndipo maselo akhoza kufanana kwambiri ndi maselo omwe ali ndi khansa. Chotupa chachitatu, mosiyanitsa, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwiya, ndipo maselo amawoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi maselo wamba.
Pakati pa chithokomiro: Mimbayi imayikidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma ambiri amapatsidwa nambala pakati pa 1 ndi 4, ndipo 4 ndizoyambira kwambiri pa khansara.
Khansara yosabadwa ndi khansara yobadwa : Ena mwa khansa amatchedwa khansa yachibadwa. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mawere imatchedwa "khansa ya m'mawere." Pali zambiri, ndipo majini amathandiza kwambiri khansa zambiri .
DNA / Mbiri ya maselo: Monga momwe kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa majeremusi kumalimbikitsa, zotupa nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa monga momwe zimayambira. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ina yamapapu imakhala ndi kusintha kwa EGFR ndi zina zomwe zimakonzanso za ALK.

Kafukufuku Wodziwika Kwambiri

Tengani kamphindi kuti muwerenge ma khansa 10 omwe amafa kwambiri mwa amuna komanso 10 khansa yowononga kwambiri mwa amayi . Kudziwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tigwire khansara mwamsanga. Onetsetsani kuti mungalankhule ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa zomwe muli nazo pa khansara komanso mbiri ya banja lanu, ndipo mukambirane mayesero alionse omwe angapangidwe.

Ma Kansala Ambiri

Pali khansa zambiri zomwe zimaonedwa ngati zachilendo kapena zosawerengeka-zina zimachitika mwa anthu owerengeka chaka chilichonse. Izi zimachokera ku mitundu yosawerengeka ya khansara ya ovari ndi khansa yochepa ya khungu . Zingakhale zosungulumwa ngati mutapezeka kuti muli ndi khansayi, koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti kufufuza pa khansa yowonjezereka kumatsegula mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yochepa kwambiri.

Tikudziwa kuti zomwezo zingapange kusiyana pakati pa chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansara yosawerengeka, zingakhale zoyenera kufunsa kachiwiri pa imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu a National Cancer Institute-malo osankhidwa ndi khansa. Malo akuluakuluwa amakhala ndi odwala oncologist pa ogwira ntchito omwe amakonda kwambiri zochepa-koma osayenera-khansa.

Zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, ndi Chithandizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa

Pali zifukwa zambiri zosiyana siyana komanso zoopsa za khansa , ndipo zina mwazifukwazi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa mitundu ina ya khansa. Mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza kwa asibesitosi kumawoneka kuti ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi pakati pa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mesothelioma. Ngakhale mukudziwa kuti khansara ya m'mawere ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lachilendo, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi khansa zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, opitirira 50 peresenti ya khansa ya khansa imatengedwa kuti ili ndi chiwalo chokhala ndi mafupa.

Kwa khansa zambiri, tilibe mayeso oyeza omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti tiwapeze m'mayambiriro oyambirira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amaganiza kuti khansa ndi yotchira kwambiri pamayambiriro akale. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kukhala ndi kuzindikira za zizindikiro zowopsa kwambiri za khansa ndikofunikira kwambiri posamalira thanzi lanu.

Mankhwala abwino a khansa amadalira mtundu wanu weniweni wa kansa ndi kutalika kwake. Phunzirani zambiri pofufuza gawo lodzipereka: Kuchiza Khansa .

Mawu Ochokera

Pali khansa zambiri kuwonjezera pa zomwe tatchulidwa apa, ndipo, monga taonera, nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Ndikumvetsetsa kwathu kwa chibadwa, ndiye kuti magulu athu a khansa adzakula bwino m'zaka zingapo zotsatira. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale ndi mtundu womwewo ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka khansara, n'zovuta kudziwa momwe munthu angathandizire ndi chithandizo. Ngati panali anthu 200 omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere, amatha kukhala ndi mitundu 200 yapadera ya kansa ya m'mawere.

Ziŵerengero za khansara zingakhale zoopsa: Amodzi mwa amuna awiri ndi mmodzi mwa amayi atatu akuyembekeza kukhala ndi khansa m'moyo wawo, kuphatikizapo khansa yapakhungu. Ngakhale kuti ziwerengerozo ndi zoopsa, kudziphunzitsa nokha za khansa kumabweretsa mwayi kuti mupeze khansara m'magawo ochiritsira oyambirira a matendawa. Izi zikuti, ngakhale khansayo siichiritsidwe, nthawi zonse imatha kuchiritsidwa, ndipo zonsezi ndizopulumuka, khansa yakula bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa. Anthu ambiri akukhala-ndipo akukula-ndi khansa kuposa kale lonse.

_Zotsatira:

_{Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC).} _{Ziwerengero Zosiyanasiyana za Khansa.} _{Kusinthidwa 06/16/16.} _{http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm}

_{Louis, D., Perry, A., Reifenberger, G. et al.} _{Cholinga cha bungwe la World Health Organization cha 2016 cha Matenda a Pakati pa Nkhanza.} _{Acta Neuropathologica .} _{2016. 131 (6): 803-20.}

_{National Institute of Health.} _{SEER Training Module.} _{Zotsatira za khansa.} _{2016. http://training.seer.cancer.gov/disease/categories/classification.html}

_{Nyimbo, Q., Merajver, S., ndi J. Li.} _{Kuika Kanseri mu Genomic Era: Mavuto asanu Amasiku Ano.} _{Anthu a Genomics .} _{2015. 9:27.}

_{Bungwe la World Health Organization.} _{Dongosolo lachilengedwe la Matenda a Oncology, Edition 3 (ICD-O-3).} _{Kusinthidwa 10/05/15.} _{http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/adaptations/oncology/en/}