Zizindikiro za Khansa

by Lynne Eldridge, MD; Adayang'aniranso ndi dokotala wodziwika bwino

Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansayo ndi ziti? Ndi mmodzi mwa amuna awiri ndi mmodzi mwa amayi atatu omwe amayembekezeka kukhala ndi khansa panthawi ya moyo wawo, ili ndi funso lofunika kwambiri.

Khansara si chikhalidwe chimodzi, koma osati gulu la matenda oposa 200 chifukwa pali mitundu yoposa 200 ya selo m'thupi ndi khansara ikhoza kumera kuchokera kwa aliyense wa iwo. Poganizira izi, pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhale "zizindikiro zowonetsera." Komabe pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimabweretsa kukayikira kuposa zina-zina zomwe zimawoneka zomveka komanso zina zomwe zingadabwe nawe.

Pali nkhawa yaikulu yowonjezera zokambirana za zizindikiro za khansa. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi ndemanga zowonjezereka, "Ndinkawopa kupita kwa dokotala chifukwa ndinkaopa kuti akhoza kukhala ndi khansa." Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kupitilira kudandaula kotero kuti tidziŵe ndi kuthetsa zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa.

Kufunika Kudziwa Zizindikiro za Khansa

Pali zifukwa zambiri zodziwira-ndiyeno kupeza kansara kumayambiriro otheka.

Kodi Zizindikiro Zotani za Khansa Zimene Akazi Ayenera Kudziwa?
Pezani Momwe Kuwombera Usiku Kungatanthauze Khansa

Chifukwa chodziwikiratu ndichoti kupeza kansalu oyambirira kungapangitse anthu kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ndipotu, ichi ndi lingaliro la kuyesedwa kwathu kwa kansalu. Ngakhale kuti sitikudziŵa ngati, ndi mlingo wotani, kuyesa koyambirira kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kupulumuka-ndipo izi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri pakati pa khansa-tikudziwa kuti chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi chachikulu kwa khansa zambiri zikapezeka oyambirira.

Chifukwa china chokhalira ndi khansa kumayambiriro ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chofunikira. Khansara yaikulu idzafuna opaleshoni yowonjezereka kuposa chotupa chaching'ono. Chiwerengero cha mankhwala osowa chingakhale chochepa ngati khansa imapezeka msanga.

Kwa khansa zina, opaleshoni yokha imafunika kumayambiriro oyambirira, pamene mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakapita patsogolo.

Sitikulankhula kawirikawiri za chifukwa chokhalira ndi khansa oyambirira ndi mwayi wokha kuyamba mankhwala. Kamodzi kansana ikapezeka ndikupezeka, chithandizo chothandizira zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi khansa chingayambe. Mwanjira imeneyi, kupeza khansa oyambirira kungachepetse mavuto.

Kunyalanyaza Zizindikiro za Khansa Kungathenso Kuthetsa Kufufuza

Ngakhale kuli kofunika kuthetsa zizindikiro za khansa, anthu ambiri amachedwa kuyankhula ndi adokotala. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa 2016 anapeza kuti nthawi yapakatikati podziwa zizindikiro za khansara ya m'mapapo ndi zomwe zinachitidwapo zinali miyezi 12.

Pali zifukwa zambiri za "kukana" izi. Choyamba ndi chovuta kuvomereza kuti tikhoza kukhala ndi khansa, makamaka ngati tikuyesera "kuchita zonse bwino." Tikudziwa kuti khansa imachitika, koma imamva kuti idzakhala munthu wina.

Ena amaopa kulira. Amadandaula kuti kutchula zizindikiro zowopsa za khansa zidzatcha iwo ngati wodandaula, kapena zoipabebe ngati chithunzithunzi.

Komabe, ena amakhulupirira kuti kuchita zimenezo n'kopanda phindu-kuti palibe chimene chingachitike kwenikweni, kotero amadikirira.

Ndipo potsiriza, pali mavuto a zachuma. Kupita kwa dokotala ndi kawirikawiri kwaulere. Ndipo ambiri amvapo nkhani zokhudzana ndi zachuma zomwe matenda a khansa angabweretse.

Mwamwayi, zambiri mwazochitikazi zimachitika pa msinkhu wosadziwika. Ngati muwona zizindikilo zilizonse, onetsetsani kuti mumavomereza chizindikirocho ndikudziwiratu zakukhosi kwanu ndi wokondedwa wanu amene mumamukhulupirira. Dokotala wanu akufuna kuti mubweretse zizindikiro zosazolowereka, ndipo zingapangitse kusiyana ngati khansa imapezeka msanga. Ngakhalenso khansa ikapitirira mpaka pamene sichiritsidwe, imakhala ikuchiritsidwa. Anthu akukhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa kale lomwe ali ndi khansara, monga momwe adatsimikiziridwa ndi opulumuka khansara okwana 15 miliyoni ku United States okha.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Khansa Imayambitsa Zizindikiro?

Khansa ikhoza kuyambitsa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ena khansa amachititsa zizindikiro zochokera pamalo awo enieni. Chotupa cha ubongo chingayambitse mutu, pamene khansara ya ovari ingayambitse mimba.

Kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro, komabe, sikungakhale kochepa ndi kukula kwa chotupacho. Chotupa cha ubongo kakang'ono chikhoza kupweteka mutu, pamene chotupa chachikulu cha ovariya chikhoza kuwapweteka kwambiri m'mimba.

Khansa ingayambitsenso zizindikiro chifukwa cha kuukiridwa kwa zigawo zapafupi kapena kupanikiza mitsempha. Mwachitsanzo, khansara ya m'mimba ikhoza kuyambitsa kudzikweza mwa kukanikiza pa khansara kapena m'mapapo ya khansa kungachititse kuti munthu asatengeke ndi mitsempha pamene akuyenda m'chifuwa.

Kuonjezera apo, khansa imayambitsa matenda, monga kutopa, kutaya thupi, komanso kukhala wathanzi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi kumayambitsa matendawa.

Pomaliza, khansa zina zimayambitsa zizindikiro zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amapanga ndi kutulutsa. Zizindikirozi-zomwe zimatchedwa kuti antian - plastic syndromes- zimakhalapo ndi zizindikiro zochitidwa ndi zochita za mankhwalawo. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ina yamapapu imapanga mankhwala ngati mahomoni omwe amachititsa chiwerengero cha calcium m'magazi. Zizindikiro za hypercalcemia (high blood calcium), monga mitsempha ya minofu, zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa.

Kodi Lymph Nodes Zowonjezereka Zimapereka Zizindikiro kwa Hodgkin ndi Mafupa Ena?
Zimene Kutupa Lymph Nodes Zingatiuze Za Khansa

Zizindikiro za khansa monga gawo la kuzindikira

Zizindikiro ndizofunikira kwambiri pa matenda a khansara, koma zina zowonjezera, monga chiopsezo cha khansa komanso mbiri ya banja (genetics) ndizofunika kuziganizira. Mwachitsanzo, chifuwa cha mwamuna wazaka 80 yemwe amasuta fodya kwa zaka makumi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu amakhala wodwala khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi chifuwa cha msinkhu wosuta fodya wa zaka 18. Kuonjezerapo, kulingalira mbiri ya banja lanu n'kofunika, popeza zibadwa zimakhudza zofunika pa khansa zina . Mwachitsanzo, 55 peresenti ya khansa ya khansa imatengedwa kuti imakhala ndi chiwalo chimodzi.

Izi zati, ndikofunika kuti tisatuluke zizindikiro chifukwa chosowa zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya m'mawere imapezeka mwa amuna. komanso amayi ambiri opanda mbiri ya banja la matendawa. Khansa ya m'mimba imapezeka mwa anthu omwe sanasutepo konse. Ndipo khansa ya coloni imapezeka mwa anyamata ndi atsikana. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, musamanyalanyaze, ngakhale mulibe zoopsa kapena mbiri ya banja ya khansa ndipo mwakhala ndi moyo wathanzi.

Zizindikiro Zodziwika za Khansa

Pali zizindikiro zambiri zofala za khansara, koma pali zochepa zomwe ziri zenizeni za khansa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pa zizindikiro zambiri za khansara zikhoza kuyambitsa zina osati khansara, ndipo zifukwa zina izi ndizo chifukwa chofala kwambiri. Kupweteka kwa ululu, mwachitsanzo, kungakhale chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansara, koma nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto lakumbuyo, kapena kugona mu bedi losasangalatsa. Zizindikiro zina zomwe zimapezeka ndi izi:

Kutaya Kwambiri Kunenepa

Kutayika kosayembekezereka kumatanthauzidwa ngati imfa ya 5 peresenti ya kulemera kwa thupi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena 12 popanda kuyesa. Izi ndizofanana ndi mkazi wa mapaundi 130 otayika mapaundi 6 kapena 7 kapena munthu wokwana mapaundi 200 otayika pafupifupi mapaundi 10 olemera. Ngakhale anthu ambiri angalandire kuponya mapaundi angapo, ndikofunika kuti muwone dokotala ngati mutayesetsa kulemera.

Khansara ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kupitirira 25 peresenti ya nthawiyo. Ngakhale kuti kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala kovuta kudwala khansa yapamwamba, ikhoza kuchitika m'ma khansa oyambirira.

Khansara ikhoza kuyambitsa kulemera mu njira zingapo. Kusintha kwa thupi lachitetezo cha thupi lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi khansa likhoza kuwonjezera zosowa za kalori tsiku ndi tsiku. Khansa monga khansara ya coloni ingapangitse anthu kuti azikhala mofulumira pamene akudya. Ma khansa ena amatha kusokoneza kudya chifukwa chowopsya kapena kuvuta. Nthawi zina anthu sangamve bwino kuti adye monga momwe amafunira.

Matenda a khansa ya khansa , yomwe imaphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi komanso kupwetekedwa kwa minofu, sikuti ndi chizindikiro cha khansara koma amachititsidwa kuti ndi imfa ya anthu pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa.

Mapumphu, Mapu, ndi Lymph Nodes

Mphuno kapena kuphulika kulikonse m'thupi lanu komwe kulibe kufotokozera ndi chizindikiro chofunika choyamba cha khansara.

Matenda a m'mawere angakhale ndi khansara koma amatha kukhala osowa kwambiri m'mawere kapena m'mawere. Khansara ya m'mimba ikhoza kuoneka ngati wofiira, wowonjezera, kapena maonekedwe a malalanje mpaka pachifuwa. Ndikofunika kuwona dokotala ngati muli ndi kusintha kwa mthupi lanu komanso kudziwa kuti khansa ya m'mawere ikhoza kukhalapo ngakhale mutakhala ndi mamimba.

Maso amatsenga angakhale chizindikiro cha khansara yowona, komanso monga momwe amayi amalimbikitsidwa kuchita mayeso pamwezi pamodzi, amuna amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita mayesero enieni pamwezi.

Zilonda zowonjezereka zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha khansara-makamaka maimfine-ndipo amapezeka m'madera ambiri a thupi. Ndipotu, mitsempha yotchedwa Lymph nodes ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu zowonetsera lymphoma .

Mwinamwake mumadziwa ndi "zotupa zotupa" zomwe zili m'khosi mwanu zomwe zimaphatikizapo pakhosi, koma kukula kwa mitsempha yamimba ya chiberekero kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa, makamaka ngati mulibe malungo komanso muli ndi thanzi labwino.

Zilonda zam'mimba mwanu ( ziwalo zowonjezereka zowonjezereka ) zingakhale chifukwa cha matenda m'kamwa mwanu kapena m'mawere, kapena mmalo mwake, chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'mawere kapena lymphoma, ndi mitsempha yowonjezera m'kati mwanu (zizindikiro zamagetsi) zingakhale chizindikiro cha khansa m'dera lamapiri (ngakhale kuti ndiwowopsa chifukwa cha matenda.)

Lymph nodes amagwira ntchito ngati "dumpster" m'njira zina. Maselo oyambirira a khansa kuthawa chotupa amatha kugwidwa m'matenda am'mimba omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi chotupa, ndipo khansa zambiri zimafalikira kumalo osungira mafupa oyandikana nawo asanayambe kufalikira m'thupi.

Mankhwala ena, kutsekemera, kapena ngakhale kuvulaza chifukwa chosiyana ndi kuvulaza ayenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wanu.

Nsapato zausiku

Kutuluka kwa usiku ndi chizindikiro chofala cha khansara, makamaka ma leukemias ndi maymphmy. Kutuluka kwa usiku komwe kumachitika ndi khansara sikungokhala "kutentha" koma nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa thukuta-mpaka pomwe anthu amafunika kudzuka ndi kusintha mawonekedwe awo, nthawi zina mobwerezabwereza. Mosiyana ndi mazira otentha omwe angakhalepo nthawi iliyonse yamasana kapena usiku, kutuluka kwa usiku kumakhala kofala usiku.

Kutuluka kwa usiku kwa amuna kuyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala wanu. Ngakhale izi zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro chofunikira cha khansa kwa amayi, zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa zomwe ziri "zachibadwa" kapena osati mwa amayi, makamaka omwe ali pachiyambi cha kusamba.

Kusamba Kwambiri Kwa Kusamba

Kuchepetsa magazi kumaliseche kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa koma ndithudi kuli ndi mavuto ambiri. Kuchepetsa magazi kumatenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kumagazi pakati pa nthawi , nthawi yolemera kapena yowala kuposa nthawi zonse, kutuluka magazi pambuyo pa kugonana, kapena kutuluka magazi mutatha kumaliza kusamba.

Khansa ya chiberekero, chiberekero, ndi abinayi zingayambitse magazi mwachindunji ndi chotupa. Kusintha kwa mahomoni chifukwa cha khansa, monga khansara ya ovari, ikhozanso kusintha kusintha kwa msambo. Mkazi aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo zizindikiro zofunikira kwambiri ndizo zomwe zimasonyeza kusintha kwachibadwa kwa inu.

Kusintha kwa Zizolowezi Zamagulu

Ngati mukumva kusintha kwa matumbo anu kuchokera kumtundu kupita ku dokotala wanu. Zizindikiro za khansara ya coloni zimatha kuchoka m'mimba kupita kumimba, koma zomwe zimakhudza ndi kusintha kokha kachitidwe kanu ka chizoloŵezi. Zitsulo zochepa (pensulo) zingakhale chizindikiro cha khansa yamtunda, ndipo ikhoza kuchitika pamene chotupa chimayambitsa chilema chochepa.

Kupuma kwapadera

Ngati muwona magazi muchitetezo mwinamwake mukudandaula, koma monga ndi zizindikiro zina za khansa, palinso zinthu zambiri zowononga.

Mtundu wa magazi nthawi zina umathandiza popanga chiyambi cha mwazi (koma osati chifukwa) Kukhetsa kuchokera kumtunda wakumtunda (kumanzere kumtunda) ndi rectum nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofiira. Kuti kuchokera kumtunda wakumtunda (kumanja kolumikiza) ndi matumbo aang'ono nthawi zambiri amdima wofiira, wofiira, kapena wakuda. Ndipo magazi kuchokera pamwamba, mwachitsanzo, mimba kapena m'mimba, ndi mdima ndipo nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi khofi.

Zina mwazi zimayambitsa kutaya mwazi ndi ziwalo zam'mimba, ziphuphu zamatenda, ndi ululu, koma mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti-ngakhale mutakhala ndi zifukwa zina-sizikutanthauza kuti mulibe khansa yamtundu. Ndipotu, mitundu ina ya colitis ndizoopsa kwa khansara ya coloni. Ngati muli ndi chizindikiro ichi, onetsetsani kuti mukuwona dokotala wanu ngakhale mukuganiza kuti pali chifukwa choyenera.

Kukwiya Kosalekeza

Chifuwa chokhazikika chingakhale chizindikiro cha khansara yamapapo kapena khansara yomwe yafalikira m'mapapu. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu pa nthawi ya matenda. Khansa yomwe imapezeka m'mapapo ndi khansa ya m'mawere, khansa yamtundu, kansa ya impso, ndi khansara ya prostate.

Chifuwa chikhoza kuyambitsidwa chifukwa cha kupititsa kwa kayendedwe ka mpweya, kapena chifukwa cha matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zotupa m'mapapu.

Ululu - Chifuwa, Mimba, M'mimba, Pambuyo, Kapena Mutu

Kupweteka kumachitika paliponse m'thupi lanu kukhala chizindikiro chotheka cha khansara. Ngati muli ndi ululu wosadziwika womwe ukupitirira, ululu wamtundu womwe mungaufotokoze ngati utsi wakuya, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu.

Kupweteka kumutu - Mutu ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansara ya ubongo kapena zotupa zomwe zafalitsidwa (m'mimba) ku ubongo, koma ndithudi mutu waukulu suli chifukwa cha khansa. Mutu wamaphunziro chifukwa cha chifuwa cha ubongo ndi wovuta, panthawi yake kwambiri m'mawa ndikumapita nthawi. Mutu uwu ukhoza kuwonjezereka ndi zinthu monga kukhwimitsa kapena kugwera kwa kayendedwe ka m'mimba, ndipo akhoza kuchitika mbali imodzi yokha. Anthu omwe ali ndi mutu wokhudzana ndi chotupa cha ubongo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zina, monga kunyoza ndi kusanza, kufooka kwa mbali imodzi ya thupi, kapena kugwidwa kumene kwatsopano. Komabe zotupa za ubongo zingayambitse mutu umene sudziwika ndi mutu wa mutu, ndipo ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro chokha chomwe chotupa chiripo.

Khansa imafalikira ku ubongo (ubongo metastases) nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri zowonjezera kuposa ziwalo za ubongo zoyambirira, ndipo zimayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana. Khansa yomwe imatha kufalikira ku ubongo imakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, khansara yamapapo, kansa ya chikhodzodzo, ndi khansa ya khansa. Si zachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a kansa, makamaka omwe ali ndi khansa yaing'ono ya mapapo, kuti akhale ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chotupa mu ubongo asanakhale ndi zizindikiro chifukwa cha khansa yapachiyambi.

Kupweteka kumbuyo - Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kupweteka kumbuyo ndi vuto lakumbuyo, koma ululu wammbuyo umene umapitirira ndipo ulibe chifukwa chodziwika ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa. Kupwetekedwa kwa ululu wokhudzana ndi khansa nthawi zambiri (koma nthawizonse) kovuta usiku, sikusintha pamene iwe ugona pansi, ndipo ukhoza kuwonjezereka ndi mpweya wakuya kapena pamatumbo. Kupweteka kumbuyo kumayambitsidwa ndi zotupa mu chifuwa, mimba, kapena pelvis, kapena ndi metastases ku msana kuchokera kwa khansa zina.

Ululu wamtima - Ululu umene umamveka pamapewa kapena m'mapewa ukhoza kukhala wovuta chifukwa cha minofu, koma ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha khansa. Kuvutika kwa khansa ya m'mapapo, khansara ya m'mawere, ndi malimymasi, komanso metastase ya khansa zina, zingayambitse kupweteka pamapewa kapena m'mapiko .

Mavuto a pachifuwa - Pali zifukwa zambiri za kupweteka kwa chifuwa, ndi matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri pokhala akuganiza kwambiri. Komabe ululu wosadziwika wa chifuwa ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa komanso. Ngakhale mapapo alibe mapeto a mitsempha, ululu umene umamva ngati " ululu wa m'mapapo " ulipo mwa anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi khansara yamapapo.

Kupweteka kwa m'mimba kapena kupweteka kwa m'mimba - Monga kupweteka m'madera ena a thupi, ululu wamimba ndi ululu wa m'mimba nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi zinthu zina osati khansa. Imodzi mwa mavuto ndi ululu m'mimba ndi m'mimba, komabe, ndizovuta kuti mudziwe kumene ululu umayambira.

Kupuma pang'ono

Kupuma pang'ono ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya m'mapapo. Ngakhale kuti mukhoza kugwirizanitsa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chifuwa chachikulu, zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo zakhala zikusintha pakapita nthawi. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo mitundu yambiri ya matendawa inkakula pafupi ndi mpweya waukulu m'mapapo; malo omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa chifuwa ndikukakamira magazi. Masiku ano, khansa yamapapo yamapapo-mapapo adenocarcinoma-amayamba kukula m'madera akutali m'mapapu. Ziphuphuzi zimatha kukula kwambiri zisanadziwike, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa mpweya wabwino ndi ntchito monga chizindikiro chawo choyamba.

Kutopa

Kutopa ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa, kotero mungadziwe bwanji kuti ndi vuto? Mosiyana ndi kutopa kwathunthu, kutopa kwa khansa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosalekeza ndi kulepheretsa. Anthu ena amanena kuti kutopa ndi "thupi lonse lotopa" kapena kutopa. Si chinthu chomwe mungathe kupumula ndi usiku wabwino kapena kupuma khofi. Chodziwika cha kutopa kwa mtundu uwu ndikuti zimasokoneza kwambiri moyo wanu.

Pali njira zambiri zomwe khansara ikhoza kuyambitsa kutopa. Kukula kwa chotupa, mwachidziwikire, kukhoza kutengera thupi lanu. Zizindikiro zina za khansa monga kupuma pang'ono, kuperewera kwa magazi, kupweteka, kapena kuchepa kwa mpweya mu magazi anu (hypoxia) kungayambitse kutopa. Ngati mukupeza kuti kutopa kumasokoneza ntchito zanu zachilendo, onetsetsani kuti mukuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kusintha kwa Khungu

Pali mitundu yambiri ya "kusintha kwa khungu" komwe kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa yapakhungu. Zina mwa izi ndi monga "mawanga" atsopano pa khungu lanu mosasamala kanthu mtundu, zilonda zomwe sizimachiritsa, kapena kusintha kwa mole kapena kutuluka. Ngakhale khansa ya khungu monga basal cell carcinoma ndi squamous cell carcinoma ndizofala, khansa ya khansa imayambitsa anthu ambiri omwe amafa khansa ya khungu.

Aliyense ayenera kuloweza pamtima ma ABCD zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa . Izi zikuphatikizapo:

A - Asymmetry - Mankhwala a Melanomas amakhala osakanikirana.
B - Border - Melanomas nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda malire m'malo mozungulira malire.
C - Mtundu - Mankhwala a Melanomas amakhala obiriwira, ngakhale kuti mitunduyo imatha kuchokera ku thupi, kukhala wofiira, kukhala wofiira, wakuda. Kufotokozera kwachilendo kwa khansa ya khansa ya "khungu lofiira, loyera, ndi la buluu" silofala, koma ma melanoma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana mkati mwa mole imodzi.
D - Mapiritsi - Chilichonse "mole" chokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kuposa penipeni penipeni chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wanu.
E - Kukula kapena kusintha - Ma Melanomas akhoza kukwezedwa (nthawi zina ndi madigiri osiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mole) ndi kusintha kapena kukula panthawi.
F - Ena a dermatologists amawonjezera F ku tsamba kuti "akuwonetsetsa." Ziribe kanthu kaya khungu lanu kapena mole likuwoneka bwanji, ngati zikuwoneka kuti si zachilendo kwa inu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

M'pofunika kudziwa kuti ma melanoma amayamba kuona wina. Ngati mnzako ali ndi malo owoneka okayikitsa, usaope kunena chinachake. Iwo angamawoneke akuchotsedwa kwa mphindi, koma izo zikhoza kupulumutsa moyo wawo.

Kuphwanya (Abdominal Distension)

Kutupa m'mimba kapena kupweteka m'mimba kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa zingapo, kuphatikizapo khansara ya ovari, khansara ya pancreatic, ndi khansa yamtunda. Mwinamwake mukumverera kukhuta m'mimba mwanu, kapena mungazindikire kuti zovala zanu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pakatikati ngakhale kuti simunazilemere.

Khansara ya ovarian yakhazikitsidwa kuti "wakupha wakupha" monga zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimachitika mochedwa matendawa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa chifukwa cha chinthu china. Zapezeka kuti kuphulika ndi chizindikiro chofala cha khansara ya ovari, koma amayi nthawi zambiri amati chizindikiro chimenechi chimalemetsa kapena zina. Chimodzimodzinso, kudzimbidwa, kupweteka ndi kugonana, kudzimbidwa, komanso kukodza nthawi zambiri kungakhale zizindikiro za khansa ya ovari koma nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Ngati muwona zizindikiro izi zimayankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Khansara ya ovariya ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ikagwira msanga.

Magazi mu Urine

Mwazi mumkodzo wanu ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansara ya chikhodzodzo, ndipo ngakhale mutangolemba pinki yokha mumtambo wanu onetsetsani kuti mukuwona dokotala wanu. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ngati muli ndi mbiri ya kusuta. Mwinamwake mumadziwa ndi kusuta monga chifukwa cha kansa ya m'mapapo, koma anthu ochepa amadziwa kuti kusuta ndiko kumayambitsa pafupifupi hafu ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo.

Kuvuta Kuwongolera

Kuvuta kumeza , komwe kumatchedwanso dysphagia, kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansa. Kawirikawiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa yofooketsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mimba. Popeza chiwopsezo chikuyenda kudutsa pakati pa mapapu (otchedwa mediastinum ) m'mimba muno, monga khansara yamapapo ndi mafupa amachitiranso matendawa.

Kutengeka (Intuition)

"Chidziwitso" chanu chikhoza kumveka chachilendo ngati chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansara, koma khalani ndi kamphindi kuganizira za anthu omwe mwawadziwa ndi khansa. Ziri zachizolowezi kuti anthu akhale ndi zomwe akufotokoza monga "matumbo" kumverera kuti chinachake n'chosavuta. Nthawi zambiri timamva anthu akunena zinthu monga, "Ndinadziwa kuti chinachake chinali cholakwika."

Phunziro la 2016 limatsimikizira lingaliro ili ndikufotokozera chifukwa chidziwitso chimakhala pa mndandanda wa zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa. Kuphunzira kwakukulu ku Britain kunayesa zizindikiro zowopsa za khansa yambiri. Ngakhale kutuluka kwa magazi kumagazi ndi kusintha kwa m'mimba ndiwiri "zizindikiro zoyamba," chizindikiro chachitatu chodziwika bwino chisanachitike kuti asanatengedwe chidatchulidwa "kukhala wosiyana."

Zochepa Zochepa (Koma Zosafunika Kwambiri) Zizindikiro za Khansa

Pali zochepa zochepa, koma zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zingawononge anthu kuti akhale ndi khansa. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:

Magazi a magazi - Pali zifukwa zambiri zoopsya za magazi m'milingo yotchedwa deep vein thrombosis (DVT) . Zaka zaposachedwapa zakhala zikudziwika kuti chimodzi mwazifukwazi chingakhale khansara yomwe sinapezekepo kale. Ndikofunika kudziwa zizindikiro za DVT osati chifukwa cha izi, koma chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amatha kupita kumapapo, chinachake chimadziwika ngati pulmonary .
Zosintha za m'midzi - Kusintha kwa kukodza monga nthawi zambiri kapena zovuta kuyambira mtsinje wanu kungakhale chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansara.
Kuwotcha kapena kudzipusitsa - Kuwonongeka kwa mtima chifukwa cha matenda a reflux a gastroesophageal ndi chifukwa chofunikira cha khansa yofooka. Ngati muli ndi vuto la kupsinjika kwa nthawi yaitali, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuwonetsetsa.
Mphuno - Matenda, omwe amachititsa kuti kachilombo ka nkhuku kachiwirirenso, akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa yapakhungu.
Kusokonezeka maganizo - Kafukufuku waposachedwapa apeza kuti vuto latsopano la kuvutika maganizo ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa.
Mphuno yopweteka kwambiri - Pamene khansa imafalikira ku mafupa ingathe kufooketsa kuti iwonongeke mosavuta. Mphuno imene imapezeka m'fupa yofooka ndi khansa imatchedwa kupweteka kwa matenda .
Kuvulaza kosavuta - Khansa yomwe imalowa mkati mwa mafupa amatha kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mapiritsi m'magazi anu. Kuchepetsa mapuloteni, nawonso, kungapangitse kuvulaza mosavuta.
Zovala zoyera mumkamwa mwako - Makhalidwe oyera m'matumbo kapena lilime lotchedwa leukoplakia-akhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansa ya m'kamwa, ndipo madokotala ambiri tsopano amawonetsa izi panthawi ya mayeso nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kuti kusuta ndi kumwa ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa m'mbuyomo, ambiri amva kuti amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi papillomavirus (HPV).

Zizindikiro za Khansa Yeniyeni

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikufotokozera zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za khansa wamba:

Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala Wanu

Monga tanenera kale, pali zizindikiro zochepa zomwe zimatanthauza kansa. Kotero, mungadziwe bwanji ngati mukuyenera kudandaula ndi chizindikiro chomwe mukukumana nacho? Kodi muzitchula liti dokotala wanu liti?

Yankho ndilokuti chizindikiro chirichonse chomwe chiri chachilendo kwa inu (komanso omwe inu mwakhala mukukhala nawo omwe sichinafotokozedwe) kapena kusintha kulikonse m'matumbo, chikhodzodzo, kapena chizoloŵezi cha msambo zomwe si zachilendo kwa inu muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Kawirikawiri, zizindikirozi zidzakhudzana ndi zinthu zina osati khansa, koma kufunsa funso poyamba kuli kofunika kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda a kansa.

Mayesero oyeza kansa ndi zizindikiro za khansa

Tsopano tili ndi mayeso oyeza khansa omwe angapeze khansa zingapo, koma mawu ofulumira amatha. Cholinga cha kuyesa zoyezetsa ndikuwunika khansa kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro . Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansara, mungafunike kuyesedwa kupyola muyeso. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mimba ya mfupa, chifuwa choyang'anira chokhacho sichikwanira kuti muwone ngati ayi kapena ayi.

Mawu Ochokera

Powerenga nkhaniyi mwatengapo mbali yaikulu pokhala wolimbikira ntchito pa umoyo wanu. Kudziwa, ndi kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansara ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yosamalira thupi lanu. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo pakuzindikira ndi kuchiza khansa, anthu akupulumuka-ndipo amakhala oposa-kale kuposa kale lonse ndi matendawa.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa kapena zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe sizinalembedwe kwa dokotala wanu. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa chizindikiro. Pitirizani. Zizindikiro ndizo thupi lathu lakutiuza kuti pali chinachake cholakwika. Ngati simukupeza mayankho, funsani kutumiza kapena mutenge yankho lachiwiri. Palibe amene amadziwa thupi lanu kapena zomwe zili zachibadwa kwa inu kuposa momwe mumachitira, ndipo palibe wina amene akulimbikitsidwa kuti akhalebe wathanzi.

_Zotsatira:

_{American Cancer Society.} _{Khansa Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro 2016. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-047079.pdf}

_{American Cancer Society.} _{Kupewa Khansara ndi Kuzindikira Kwambiri Kuyambira Zambiri ndi Zambiri 2015-2016.} _{http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/webcontent/acspc-045101.pdf}

_{Hamilton W, Walter F, Rubin G, Neal R. Kupititsa patsogolo Kuzindikira Kwambiri kwa Khansa Yachilendo.} _{Maphunziro a Chilengedwe: Clinical Oncology .} _{2016 Jul 26. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).}

_{Walter F, Emery J, Mendonca S, et al.} _{Zizindikiro ndi Zinthu Zoleza Mtima Zogwirizana ndi Nthawi Yakale Yodziwiratu kwa Khansa Yoyamba: Zotsatira Zopindulitsa Phunziro la Cohort.} _{British Journal ya Cancer .} _{2016 Aug 4. (Epub pasanapite nthawi).}

_{Zeichner S, Montero A. Kuzindikira Khansa: Mapale a Dokotala Wapamwino.} _{Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine .} _{2016. 83 (7): 515-23.}