Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ziphuphu za ubongo: zomwe zimayambira mu ubongo (zoyambirira) ndi zomwe zimafalikira ku khansa kwinakwake mu thupi (metastasis). Matenda oyambirira a ubongo, monga glioma, zimachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo akamachita, amakhala oopsa kwambiri (khansa). Chotupa chochititsa mantha ndi misa kapena magulu a khansa omwe amakula; Sichichita china chilichonse kupatula kudyetsa thupi kotero kuti chingakule.
Gliomas amapanga gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ziphuphu za ubongo zoyambirira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mafinya: astrocytomas, yomwe imakula kulikonse mu ubongo kapena msana; ubongo umayambira m'magazi, omwe amapezeka m'munsi mwa ubongo; ependymomas, yomwe imakhala mkati mwa ubongo, m'kati mwa ziwalo za ventricles, ndi oligodendrogliomas, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakula mu ubongo (zosawerengeka, zomwe zimaimira 3% ya ziwalo zonse za ubongo zoyambirira). An astrocytoma yapamwamba imatchedwa glioblastoma; izi zimaphatikizapo 23% mwa ziwalo zonse za ubongo zoyambirira.
Ziwerengero
Malingana ndi American Brain Tumor Association, matenda oyambirira a ubongo amapezeka pamtunda wa 12.8 pa anthu 100,000. Ngakhale kuti anthu a msinkhu uliwonse angathe kukhala ndi vuto la ubongo, vuto limakhala lofala kwambiri kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 3 mpaka 12 komanso akuluakulu a zaka zapakati pa 40 mpaka 70. Ku United States, pafupifupi ana 2,200 osakwana zaka 20 amapezeka chaka ndi matumbo a ubongo .
M'mbuyomu, madokotala sanaganize za zotupa za ubongo kwa anthu okalamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira ndi njira zabwino zowunikira ubongo, anthu a zaka zapakati ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu tsopano akupezeka ndi kuchitidwa mankhwala.
Zovuta Kuchitira
Matenda ophulika mu ubongo ndi ovuta kuchiza. Mtundu umodzi wa mankhwala ndi miyendo ya kunja, yomwe imayambira mu ubongo kupita ku chotupa.
Mwatsoka, izi zimawonetsa minofu yabwino ya ubongo kuti iwononge ma radiation. Mankhwala ena ndi opaleshoni yakuchotsa chotupa, ngati n'kotheka, kenaka amatsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy. Mankhwala onsewa ndi ovuta kupitilira ndipo amaika zoopsa kwa wodwalayo. Mwatsoka, mazira ambiri amakula pambuyo pochiza chithandizo.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa mitunduyi ya ziphuphu za ubongo. Mankhwala ena sangalowe mu ubongo chifukwa cha njira yapadera yotengera thupi (yotchedwa magazi-ubongo ). Ziphuphu zina zimafalikira (kulowa mkati) minofu yomwe ili kuzungulira iwo ndi zochepa. Matenda ambiri ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya selo, choncho chemotherapy yomwe imatsogoleredwa pa mtundu umodzi wa selo mu chotupa sichidzapha maselo ena.
Amagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala
Njira zatsopano zothandizira ziphuphu za ubongo zikufufuzidwa, kuphatikizapo kusintha mankhwala omwe alipo komanso kupanga njira zatsopano zothandizira mankhwala.
Kuti athandize mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'mbuyomo, kupyolera mwazi, ubongo umapangitsa kuti majekeseni awonjezere mlingo wa mankhwalawa. Njira yatsopano imayika mankhwala a chemotherapy pa malo obisala. Pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, timitengo ting'onoting'onoting'ono ta pulasitiki tikhoza kuikamo kumene chotupacho chinali.
Zakudyazi zimatulutsa mankhwala a chemotherapy pomwepo.
Chinthu chofanana chingachitidwe ndi mankhwala opatsirana. Pambuyo pochotsa chotupa, bulauni yophika opaleshoni imayikidwa muchitsime chosiyidwa ndi chotupacho. Bhaluni imadzaza ndi mazira, ndipo pa sabata yotsatira, iyo imatulutsa minofu kuzungulira iyo kuti ikaphe maselo otsala a khansa.
Antiangiogenesis
Ochita kafukufuku akuyang'ana chithandizo chamatenda kuchokera kumagulu ambiri osangalatsa. Imodzi mwa njirazi ndi antiangiogenesis. Izi zikutanthauza kudula magazi ku chifuwa kotero kuti sichidzakula, chidzachepa ndi kufa. Kafukufuku wina anayesa mankhwala oletsa antioangiogenic, Thalidomide, omwe ali ndi odwala omwe anali ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe silinayankhidwe ku radiation ndi / kapena chemotherapy.
Chaka chimodzi atayamba kumwa mankhwala, odwala 25 peresenti anali akadali amoyo, ngakhale kuti matumbo awo anali akukulabe. Ofufuzawo akuganiza kuti mwina Thalidomide angayesedwe odwala omwe angoyamba kumene kuwapeza, ndipo akuphatikizidwa ndi ma radiation ndi chemotherapy.
Kugwiritsira ntchito Immune System
Njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a glioma akuyang'aniridwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha thupi kuti chiteteze chotupacho. Akatswiri ofufuza anapeza odwala 19 omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba, anapanga katemera kwa aliyense pogwiritsa ntchito maselo ake, ndipo katemera utapangitsa kuti munthu aliyense apange maselo oyera (omwe amamenyana ndi matenda). Odwala sevente awonetsa katemera wa katemera. Odwala asanu ndi atatu, ochita kafukufukuwo amatha kuwona zowonongeka pa x-ray, ndipo odwala asanu amatha kusintha. Odwala ena anakhala ndi moyo zaka ziwiri zisanachitike.
Poliovirus
Chithandizo chotheka chomwe chinalandira uthenga wabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito poliovirus kuyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba. Ochita kafukufuku anapeza kuti poliovirus ili ndi chikoka chachibadwa kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka pa zilonda zoopsa. Komabe, popeza iwo sanafune kuyambitsa polio, amagwiritsa ntchito ma genetic kuti atenge kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa chimfine (rhinovirus) ndikuchiika poliovirus. Izi "zinasokoneza" mbali yochititsa matenda ya poliovirus. Ochita kafukufukuwa adayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kenaka anayesa kachilombo ka HIV pamatendawa. Iwo anasangalala kuona kuti zotupazo zinathetsedwa. Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala kupanga maphunziro a kafukufuku kuti ayese kachilombo ka anthu.
> Zotsatira:
> American Brain Tumor Association. Zolemba ndi Ziwerengero.
> Society of American For Microbiology. "Poliovirus genetically engineered poliovirus imalimbana ndi zotupa za ubongo." Nkhani yomasulira, pa May 22, 2001.
> Chabwino, HA, Figg, WD, Jaeckle, K, et al. (2000). Chiyeso Chachiwiri Chachiwiri cha Thalidomide wothandizidwa ndi antiangiogenic omwe ali ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zambiri. J Clin Oncol, Vol. 18, No 4, pp 708-715.
> Maluwa, A. (2000). Matenda a ubongo mwa munthu wamkulu. Kansa Control, Vol. 7, No. 6, tsamba 523-538.
> National Cancer Institute. Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda Aubongo.
> Sloan, AE, Dansey, R., Zmorano, L., Barger, G., Hamm, C., Diaz, F., Baynes, R., Wood, G. (2000). Kugonjetsa amodzi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli loopsa kwambiri. Neurosurg Focus, Vol. 9, No. 6.
> Wake Forest University Medical Center. "Mtengo Wake Woyamba ku > dziko > kupanga mankhwala atsopano a chotupa cha ubongo." Kusindikizidwa, May 25, 2001.