Zowopsa ndi chithandizo cha khansa ya m'kamwa ndi lilime
Khansara yam'mimba ndi mtundu wa khansara wamutu ndi wa khosi yomwe imakhudza kamwa. Zikhoza kupangidwa m'mataya, m'mimba, padenga la pakamwa, lilime, ndi milomo.
Zowopsa
Khansara ya m'kamwa ndi lilime kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri imayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zoopsya.
Kugwiritsira ntchito fodya - Mwinamwake chiopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chokhalira khansa ya m'kamwa ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito fodya. Kusuta fodya, ndudu, ndi mapaipi zonse kumawonjezera khansa yanu ya khansa ya pakamwa ndi m'chinenero.
Fodya wosasuta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "kuthira" kapena "kutafuna," imapangitsanso ngozi.
Kumwa mowa ndi chizoloŵezi china chomwe chikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya m'kamwa.
Mankhwala a papillomavirus (HPV) - Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti matenda opatsirana ndi papillomavirus (HPV) amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'kamwa, ndipo amaganiza kuti HPV panopa imayambitsa 72% ya khansa kumbuyo kwa mmero. HPV ndi kachilombo kofalitsidwa kudzera mu kugonana, monga kugonana kwa khungu ndi khungu, kugonana kwa kugonana / kugonana, ndi kugonana kwa m'kamwa.
Zizindikiro
Odwala madokotala tsopano akuwonetsa odwala kafukufuku wa khansa ya m'kamwa panthawi ya mayeso, koma kuzindikira za zizindikiro za khansa yapakamwa n'kofunikanso. Izi ziphatikizapo:
- Matenda kapena pakamwa pakamwa panu kapena pakamwa panu zomwe sizichiritsa pambuyo pa milungu iwiri
- Chotupa pa lilime kapena matani
- Zozizira zoyera ndi zofiira pakamwa kapena pamilomo zomwe sizimachiza
- Kutsegula kuchokera pakamwa komwe sikugwirizana ndi kuvulala
- Kusintha kwa njira momwe mano amagwirizanirana palimodzi, kuphatikizapo momwe mano amayenera, kapena mano otayirira chifukwa cha kutupa kwa ntchafu kapena ululu
- Kupweteka kovuta
- Kuvuta kukumeza, kutafuna, kulankhula, kapena kusuntha lilime
Kudziwa
Ngati katswiri wa zaumoyo wanu akupeza chodetsa pakamwa panu kapena m'chinenero chanu, ndiye kuti kufufuza kwina kuli kofunika kutsimikiza kuti palibe kapena kukhalapo kwa khansara.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kupanga chidziwitso cha malo osadziwika pakamwa. Chiwombankhanga chimachotsa minofu yaing'ono yomwe imatumizidwa ku labata la zofufuzira kuti iwonetseke mu microscope.
Ngati khansa imapezeka, siteji ya matenda imatsimikiziridwa. Kuwongolera kumatanthawuza momwe khansara ya m'kamwa yabwerera. Mayeso ena monga ma mano x-rays, endoscopy , ndi mayesero ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kudziwa momwe khansara yathawira kutali.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'kamwa chimadalira pa siteji ya matendawa. Mankhwala oposa amodzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansa ya m'kamwa. Ndikofunika kupeza dokotala wodziŵa bwino kuchiza khansa zamlomo ndi kufunsa mafunso ambiri. Taganizirani kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri pa malo akuluakulu a kansa . Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti mankhwala opatsirana khansa ya m'kamwa amasiyana kwambiri, ndipo mungakonde kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe wapanga opaleshoni 200 kuposa omwe achita 2. Ngakhale khansara ikhoza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu - mwazinthu zina, nkutheka kuti ndikuchiritsidwa - kuchuluka kwa kulumala komwe mumakhala nako kumasiyana malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wanu wachita.
Kumbukirani kuti nthawi yomwe khansayo imapezeka imakhala ikukula pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri sichiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Inde, zimakhala bwino kuti khansa yanu isachoke mwamsanga kuposa kale, koma mutengere nthawi musanayambe kuchipatala kuti mutsimikizire kuti mukukhala nokha wanu pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa , ndi kupeza chithandizo chabwino chotheka. Njira zothandizira zikuphatikizapo:
Opaleshoni - Opaleshoni yochotsa mitsempha ya khansa ndiyo njira yamba yochizira khansa ya m'kamwa. Kwa anthu ena, opaleshoni ndiyo njira yokhayo yothandizira; kwa ena, chemotherapy ndi ma radiation angathenso. Nthawi zina, maselo amphongo m'khosi akhoza kuchotsedwa.
Thandizo la ma Radiation - Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri yamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri omwe amawathira mazira kapena amawononga maselo a khansa.
Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti DNA iwonongeke. Ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation angasokoneze maselo a thanzi lapafupi, maselo a khansa ndi ofunika kwambiri poizoni komanso amafa akamapatsidwa mankhwala. Ma cell wathanzi omwe amawonongeka pa nthawi ya ma radiation ndi othandiza ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuchira.
Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala opatsirana ndi ma radiation ndi mankhwala omwe amawotcha mazira ndi mazira, omwe amatchedwanso brachytherapy. Kutentha kwapansi kwapansi kumakhala kofala kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuwala kwazitsulo zamkati pochita khansa ya m'kamwa. Zotsatira zofala kwambiri za ma radiation ndi kutopa ndi kuthamanga komwe kumafanana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. Kuwala kwa mutu ndi khosi kungayambitsenso tsitsi, zomwe mosiyana ndi kupweteka kwa tsitsi la chemotherapy, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosatha.
Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy akhoza kulamulidwa kuti achepetse kukula kwa chifuwa chisanafike mankhwala kapena ma opaleshoni kapena akhoza kuperekedwa mogwirizana ndi mankhwala opatsirana. Pamene chemotherapy imaperekedwa opaleshoni isanakwane pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa khansa imatchedwa neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mukapatsidwa opaleshoni yabwino kuti athetse maselo omwe anatsalira omwe sangawoneke pamayesero, amatchulidwa kuti adjuvant therapy.
Popeza chemotherapy imayambitsa maselo omwe akukula mofulumira ngati maselo a khansa, imakhudzanso maselo omwe amakula mofulumira monga a m'mafupa, matumbo a m'mimba, ndi mapuloteni a tsitsi. Mankhwala othandiza chifukwa cha zotsatira za mankhwala a chemotherapy apindula kwambiri, ndipo pamene tsitsi liribe lofala, anthu ambiri sakhala ndi chipsinjo chowawa ndi kusanza zomwe poyamba zinali zovuta ndi mankhwalawa.
Pambuyo pa Chithandizo
Zapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'kamwa mwachangu ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa yachiwiri kwinakwake pamakamwa kapena pamimba. Pachifukwachi, tsopano tikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu omwe amachizidwa amachizidwa ndi chaka cha mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti isotretinoin pofuna kuyesa kuchepetsa ngoziyi.
Kuthamangitsani
Kuvomereza kwa khansa ya m'kamwa ndibwino kwambiri koma kumadalira pa siteji. Pogwiritsa ntchito khansa ya pulasiteti yoyamba ndi yachigawo 2, zaka zisanu zomwe zimakhalapo ndi 90 mpaka 100% pochitidwa opaleshoni komanso nthawi zina mankhwala opatsirana. Kupulumuka kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kwa omwe ali ndi siteji yachitatu ndi matenda a sitiroko IV, koma ndi opaleshoni ndi mankhwala opatsirana, makamaka theka la anthu ndipo nthawi zina mpaka 90% (malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo) zimapindula bwino kwa nthawi yaitali matenda.
Kupewa
Kupewa zidziwitso za khansa yapakamwa ndi njira yabwino yothetsera matendawa. Nthawi zambiri khansa ya m'kamwa imayenderana ndi fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mowa, kotero kupewa zizoloŵezi zonsezo ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zisawonongeke.
Kutuluka kwa dzuwa kungagwirizane ndi khansa ya milomo, kotero kukhala kunja kwa dzuwa ndi kuvala mankhwala amlomo omwe ali ndi sunscreen ndi ofunika.
Kuchita zogonana mosatetezeka n'kofunika kwambiri popewera khansa ya m'kamwa, ndipo akuyembekeza kuti katemera wa HPV udzachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe angapeze khansa yapakamwa m'tsogolomu. Katemera wa HPV amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 11 ndi 12, koma angaperekedwe ali wamng'ono ngati zaka 9, kapena atakwanitsa zaka 26.
Kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu wa mano nthawi zonse kungakuthandizeni pakuzindikira koyamba kwa khansa ya m'kamwa. Dokotala wanu wa mano amaphunzitsidwa kuyang'ana ndi kumverera chifukwa cha zizindikiro za matendawa. Kuyezetsa khansa yam'malamulo kumaphatikizapo kuyang'anitsitsa pakamwa ndi m'mawang'anga x-ray. Zida zowonetsera zatsopano monga VELscope zimalola madokotala kuyang'anitsitsa bwinobwino zizindikiro za khansa ya m'kamwa yomwe siingathe kuoneka ndi maso. Zida zatsopano zowunikirazi zilimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'kamwa, ngati omwe amasuta kapena kumwa mowa.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. HPV Link ndi Cancer. Kusinthidwa 09/30/15.
National Cancer Institute. Mlomo ndi Mlomo Wopereka Chithandizo cha Khansa - Health Professional Version (PDQ). Kusinthidwa 09/25/15.