Kawirikawiri khansa yowonongeka ya msomali imakhala yosadziwika bwino
Mankhwala a khansa ya khansa yotchedwa subungual, yomwe imatchulidwanso kuti khansara ya msomali, ndi mtundu wa malungo omwe amabwera m'matumbo a bedi. Khansa ya khansa imakhala mtundu wa khansara yomwe imayamba m'maselo otchedwa melanocyte. Ma Melanocyte ndi maselo omwe amachititsa kuti melanin, mtundu wa pigment, umapatsa khungu, tsitsi, ndi maso awo.
Ngakhale kuti subungual melanomas amapezeka pamphindi chachikulu kapena chachikulu, zimatha kuchitika pazitsulo kapena zikhomo.
Nthawi zambiri amadziwika ngati matenda a fungal chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo lomwe limasintha mtundu ndi msomali.
Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amawoneka bwino kwambiri. Ku Asia, zikuganiziridwa kuti 20 peresenti ya ma melanomas ndi subungual melanomas. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri pakati pa anthu a zaka 40 ndi 70.
Zizindikiro
Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati mdima wambiri womwe umathamanga nthawi yayitali (perpendicular to cuticle). Pafupi theka la mizere iyi ndi yofiirira, ya buluu, kapena yakuda, pamene theka lina liri losabala.
Pamene kansa ikupita, mitsinje yambiri ingawonekere, nthawi zambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamene nthawi ikupita, gawo lomwe liri pafupi ndi cuticle lingakhale lalikulu.
Chizindikiro cha Hutchinson ndichizolowezi chopezeka m'magulu ambiri a subungual melanomas. Izi zikutanthauza kuoneka kwa streak kuyambira pamwamba pa msomali mpaka pamsana (kumene msomali ukuyamba) ndi mu cuticle palokha.
Izi zimasiyanitsa ndi zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi msomali pakufanana kwake, kutengeka kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cuticle.
Pamene khansa ya melanoma imakula, imatha kuyambitsa magazi, kupanga mapulaneti, kapena kupweteka kwa msomali wokha.
Kudziwa
Kafukufuku wamtunduwu amayamba kupangidwa mosamala ndi msomali ndi matumbo.
Dermatologists amagwiritsa ntchito chida chotchedwa dermascope chomwe chimapereka maonekedwe a msomali ndi minofu yozungulira.
Pomalizira pake, kuyesedwa koyang'ana kumakhala ndi zolephera, makamaka popeza siziwonekeratu. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zambiri zimalakwika chifukwa cha zinthu zina, monga:
- Subungual hematoma , kupweteka pansi pa msomali yemwe sagwirizana ndi subungual melanoma
- Matenda a fungal (onychomycosis) omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mdima, osakhala ndi nthawi yaitali.
- Mitsempha (nevi) yomwe sichidzawonekera m'mitsinje
- Mavitamini a melanin pansi pa msomali umene ukhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha mimba (komanso mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena mankhwala a radiation)
Chodziwika bwino chothetsera matenda chimangopangidwa ndi biopsy (kuchotsedwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa minofu yokhudzidwa).
Ngati mukuganiza kuti khansa ya melanoma imakhalapo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kuti chotupa chonsecho chikhale pamodzi ndi ziwalo zina zozungulira. Phokoso lochepa kwambiri kapena losavuta kugwiritsira ntchito lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mawonekedwe owonetsetsa ndi osakwanira.
Kuthetsa Melanoma
Malinga ndi kukula ndi kuya kwake kwa subungual melanoma, kuyesetseranso kupyolera kudzafunika kuti adziwe momwe angapewere. Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya khansara, siteji imatha kusiyana ndi khansa yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa.
Kuti mudziwe ngati khansa ya melanoma yatha, pali mayesero osiyanasiyana omwe asayansi angapangitse kuti azikhala ndi ziwalo zam'mimba zomwe zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chotupa) komanso njira zamaganizo monga tomato (CT scan) kapena positron emission tomography (PET scan) .
Zowopsa
Ngakhale sitikudziŵa chomwe chimayambitsa subungual melanoma, tikudziŵa zambiri mwazidzidzidzi zomwe zimayenderana ndi chitukuko chake.
Chinthu chimodzi chimene sichiwoneka ngati chinthu - ndipo chimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina yonse ya khansa ya khansa - ndikutuluka dzuwa. Ultraviolet (UV) kutentha kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku dzuwa kapena magwero ena sikuthandiza kukula kwake kapena kumapangitsa kuti liwiro lifike.
Zowopsa zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo ndi izi:
- Zoopsa zapambuyo kwa zala kapena zala
- Mbiri yaumwini kapena banja la khansa ya khansa
- Zambirimbiri moles
- Kugonjetsa kwa thupi, kuphatikizapo ovomerezeka ndi ziwalo ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV
- Genetics, monga omwe ali ndi cholowa xeroderma pigmentosa (kutetezeka kwambiri kwa dzuwa)
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha subungual melanomas chasintha kwambiri zaka zaposachedwapa. M'mbuyomu, kuchotsedwa kwa chala chala kapena chala choyambirira kunkaonedwa ngati chithandizo cha kusankha.
Masiku ano, magulu ambiri a subungual melanomas amachiritsidwa mosavuta ndi kuchotsedwa komweko kwa chotupacho. Pamene amachotsa chiwonetsero, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza cholowa choyamba chapafupi pafupi ndi chovalacho. Kwazitsulo, kuchotsa kwachitsulo kumphindi wachiŵiri kumakhala kofala.
Kupenda kwa chaka cha 2014 cha buku lachipatala kunanena kuti njira yowonjezera yogwira ntchito ingagwire ntchito komanso kuchotsa kwathunthu; Komanso, kuchotsedwa kwathunthu sikunayesedwe kuti zipangitse kukhala ndi moyo.
Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito subungual melanoma, mitundu ina ya mankhwala ingakhale yofunika, kuphatikizapo:
- Chemotherapy, yomwe imapatsidwa dongosolo kudzera mu mitsempha kapena mwachindunji mu chotupacho
- Mankhwala othandizira mazira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mankhwala othandizira kuti achepetse ululu
- Immunotherapy , mtundu watsopano wa khansa yothandizira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze maselo a khansa
- Zovuta zothandizira, mankhwala osokoneza ubongo wa BRAF omwe amapezeka 50 peresenti ya matumbo a subungual melanoma
Yankho la mankhwala likhoza kusiyana makamaka pa siteji ya khansa. Zotsatira za anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya subungual imakhala yosauka kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya khansa, kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kuchedwa kufunafuna chithandizo ndi mankhwala.
Izi zimangowonjezera kufunikira kochitapo kanthu ngati mutapeza kusintha kwa msomali kapena khungu lomwe limawoneka kuti silolendoka kapena likulephera kukhala bwino. Kupitako koyambirira ndi njira yeniyeni yopitilira kuchipatala.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi subungual melanoma, ndikofunika kupeza katswiri wodziwa matendawa. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amtundu wa subungual ndi osowa, ndipo kusowa kwa chidziwitso kungachititse kuti munthu asamachite chithandizo chamankhwala mopanda pake.
Ngakhale kukhala ndi gulu labwino kwambiri lothandizira kuzungulira inu n'kofunika, mumakhalabe gawo lofunika kwambiri la gululo. Phunzirani zambiri momwe mungathere ndi khansa yanu. Funsani thandizo ndikuvomereza thandizo. Aphatikizidwe ndi anthu omwe akuthandizira pa Intaneti omwe angathe kugawana zomwe akumana nazo ndi zomwe akudziwa.
Ndipo pangani mfundo yoti mukhale woyang'anira wanu pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa. Zimapangitsadi kusiyana.
> Zosowa
- > Cochran, A .; Buchanan, P .; Bueno, R .; et al. "Subungual Melanoma: Kubwereza za Chithandizo Chamakono." Kuchita Opaleshoni Yapulasitiki ndi Kukonzanso . 2014; 134 (2): 259-73.
- > Nguyen, J .; Bakri, K ;; Nguyen, E .; et al. "Kupanga Opaleshoni ya Melanoma ya Subungual: Kliniki ya Mayo Zochitika 124. Annals of Surgery Plastiki . 2013; 71 (4): 346-54.
- > Ohn, J .; Choe, Y .; Park, J ;; et al. "Zithunzi Zokongola za Fungal Melanoychia: Phunziro Lofananitsa ndi Zina Zimayambitsa Melanonychia." Journal ya American Academy of Dermatology . October 25, 2016 (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).