Anthu omwe amavutika ndi mphumu yochulukirapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro za mphumu tsiku lonse masiku ambiri ndipo amakhala ndi zizindikiro nthawi zambiri usiku. Zizindikiro zimenezi zimangopangitsa munthu kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.
Chiwerengero cha Asthma
Chigawo cha mphumu chimadalira kukula kwa chikhalidwecho. Kulemba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi:
- Mtundu wa zizindikiro (kuvutika kupuma, kupuma, chifuwa, ndi chifuwa) wodwalayo akuwonetsa chisanachitike chithandizo
- Kuchuluka kwake ndi kuthamanga kwa wodwalayo kumatha kuwomba (kumatsimikiziridwa pochita mapapu kuyesa ntchito kapena kuyesa ntchito )
- Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a mphumu, osati omwe ali ndi mphumu yambiri yopitirira.
Kafukufuku angasinthe pakapita nthawi ndi mphumu kwa ana osapitirira zaka zinayi zovuta kuti azindikire ndikuzigawa, monga zizindikiro zingakhale zosiyana ndi odwala akuluakulu.
Nthenda ya mphumu yakhala ikugawidwa m'magulu anayi otsatirawa, ndi National Asthma Education and Prevention Program:
Nthenda yotchedwa Asthma
Nthendayi imatengedwa kuti imakhala yapakatikati ngati popanda chithandizo chilichonse chotsatira ndi choona:
- Zizindikiro zimachitika masiku awiri kapena osachepera pa sabata ndipo sichimasokoneza ntchito zachizolowezi.
- Zizindikiro zausiku zimachitika masiku awiri kapena kuposerapo pa mwezi.
- Popanda kuvutika ndi mphumu, mapapu amachititsa kuti mayesero akhale oyenera (pa 80 peresenti kapena kuposerapo) ndikusintha pang'ono kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo.
Wosasunthika Wosagwira Nthenda
Nthenda imaonedwa kuti ndi yofatsa ngati palibe chithandizo chilichonse chotsatirachi ndi choona:
- Zizindikiro zimachitika masiku awiri pa sabata, koma osati tsiku lililonse, ndipo zizindikiro za usiku zimapezeka katatu kapena kanayi pamwezi.
- Masewera a mphumu amalepheretsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Kuyesera koyendetsa bwino ndi kosavuta ngati osakhala ndi vuto (mayesero ndi 80 peresenti kapena kuposerapo mtengo woyembekezeredwa) ndipo amasiyana pang'ono kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo.
Kusasinthasintha kwapakatipakati kwapakati
Mafupa amaonedwa kuti ndi ochepa ngati palibe chithandizo chilichonse chotsatirachi ndi choona:
- Zizindikiro za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi inhaler yafupikitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Zizindikiro zimasokoneza ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Zizindikiro zausiku zimachitika nthawi imodzi pamlungu, koma sizichitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Mayendedwe a mapuloteni ndi osapitirira ndipo amasiyana kusiyana ndi 30 peresenti kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo.
Kulimbana Kwambiri Popumphu
Mafupa amaonedwa kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri ngati popanda chithandizo chilichonse chotsatira ndi choona:
- Zizindikiro zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zimachepetsa kwambiri ntchito zakuthupi tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Mausiku amapezeka nthawi zambiri, nthawi zina usiku uliwonse.
- Mayendedwe a mapuloteni ndi osalimba ndipo amasiyana kwambiri kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo.
Chidziwitso Chodziwika: Kulimbana Kwambiri Pogonana
Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu lachipatala limene mumadalira ndikumasuka nalo ndilo gawo lofunika pozindikira ndikuthetsa chifuwa chachikulu cha mphumu yanu. Dokotala wanu wa mphumu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zinthu zotsatirazi kuti athetse vuto lanu la mphumu lopitirirabe:
- Kuthamanga kwa zizindikiro (tsiku lonse)
- Nthawi zambiri kuwuka kwa usiku ndi zizindikiro za mphumu (nthawi zambiri tsiku ndi tsiku)
- Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwafupipafupi-mpweya wothandizira (nthawi zingapo patsiku)
- Kodi mphumu zambiri zimapangitsa bwanji ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku (zochepa kwambiri)
- Chiwerengero choyambira chikuwerengedwa (osachepera 60 peresenti ya zabwino kwambiri)
- Kaya moto wa mphumu umafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchedwa oral steroids (kawiri kapena kawiri pa chaka)
- Mausiku amapezeka nthawi zambiri, nthawi zina usiku uliwonse
- Kuyesera kwapopopayi ndi kosazolowereka (kuyesera kwa spirometry kwa 60 peresenti kapena kuchepa kwa mtengo woyembekezeredwa), ndipo kuthamanga kwazomwekupuma (PEF) kumapitirira 30 peresenti kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo
Kulimbana ndi Kupsa Mtima Kwambiri Popumphu
Odwala omwe ali ndi mphumu yambiri yopitilira kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala a mphumu kuphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala a nthawi yayitali (osakaniza corticosteroids) omwe amachepetsa kutupa kwa airways pofuna kupewa zizindikiro za mphumu ndi matenda a mphumu
- Mankhwala a bronchodilator a nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala othandizira mwamsanga (agonist ochita kawirikawiri kapena bronchodilator). Mankhwala enawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito (ngati akufunikira) kuti athetseretu zizindikiro zovuta pozisangalatsa minofu kuzungulira mpweya.
- Kuwonjezera apo, mphumu yambiri imatha kuperekedwa ndi mankhwala odana ndi kutupa omwe amadziwika kuti "leukotriene modifiers." Izi zimatengedwa mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu akhoza kupeza kuti kuvutika kwa mphumu kumasinthasintha kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene chiwongolero chimasinthasintha, chomwechonso amachiza ndi mankhwala, ali ndi cholinga chachikulu choteteza mphumu ya mphumu. Cholinga cha chithandizo cha mphumu yambiri yosalekeza iyenera kukhala kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro kwa mphumu yapakatikati.
Zotsatira:
> Anti-Inflammatories: Leukotriene Modifiers. US News & World Report.
> Mndandanda wa Zolemba: Kuchiza Khunyu. The American Academy of Allergy Kachilombo ka HIV / Immunology Task Force. Lipoti la Zofufuzira. AAAAI.org.
> Kodi Nthenda Yakale Imapezeka Bwanji? National Heart Lung ndi Blood Institute, Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States ndi Mapulogalamu a Anthu, National Institutes of Health.
> Lipoti loyesa zofunikira 2007. National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Advisory Council Gulu la Ophunzira Akatswiri.