Katemera ndi Chakudya Chakudya
Mamilioni a katemera wamba aliwonse amapezeka chaka chilichonse ku United States; Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizosowa kwambiri. Komabe, anthu ena omwe ali ndi zakudya zina zowonjezera zakudya akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu kuti asamayesedwe chifukwa cha katemera omwe ali ndi mapuloteni enaake.
Pa ana asanu ndi atatu (8%) amavutika ndi zakudya zowonjezera , ndipo dzira ndilo limodzi mwa zakudya zomwe anthu amadwala.
Mavitamini ambiri omwe ali ndi ubwana amatha kukhala ndi mapuloteni a mazira kapena zakudya zina. Chotsatira chake, ndizotheka kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya adzapeza anaphylaxis (choopsa kwambiri) chifukwa cha kulandira katemera.
Zakudya zotsatirazi zilipo pang'onopang'ono mu katemera wachinyamata; Zina zowonjezera zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni a zakudya zimatchulidwanso.
Mazira
Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a dzira amakhudzidwa kwambiri pamene akulandira katemera. Katemera woterewa angakhale ndi mapuloteni okhudzana ndi dzira kapena mazira: chiwindi (chimfine) ndi katemera wa makoswe-rubella (MMR). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, katemera omwe sali ozolowereka amakhala ndi mapuloteni a mazira: chikasu ndi malungo a typhoid.
Katemera wa matenda a chiwindi amakhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa, ndipo ndalama zimenezi zimasiyana chaka ndi chaka ndi mtanda. Kawirikawiri, katemera wa nthendayi sayenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi dzira lenileni (anthu omwe ali ndi mayeso olimbana ndi mazira koma angadye mazira popanda kuona zizindikiro zirizonse sizikuwoneka ngati dzira).
Komabe, nthawi zina, phindu lolandira katemera uwu likhoza kupitirira zoopsa; izi zikhoza kukhala choncho kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yamphamvu ndi yofewa. M'mayeserowa, wodwalayo akhoza kupereka katemera pang'onopang'ono pa maola ochuluka, pamene akuyang'anitsitsa munthuyo kuti asamayende.
Katemera wa MMR umapangidwa mu chikhalidwe cha chick fibroblast cell; chithandizo cha katemera sichikhala ndi mapuloteni a dzira omwe munthu amene ali ndi mazira angayankhe. Anthu ambiri, ngakhalenso omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la dzira, alibe cholakwika chokhudza katemera wa MMR. Choncho, American Academy of Pediatrics imalimbikitsa kuti ana omwe ali ndi mayendedwe a dzira akhoza kupatsidwa katemera wa MMR popanda zochitika zapadera. Komabe, zingakhale zomveka kuyang'anira dzira-mwana wodwalayo ku ofesi ya dokotala kwa nthawi ndithu atapereka katemera wa MMR.
Katemera wa chiwindi wam'chizungu, katemera wosagwira ntchito kwa anthu oyenda ku Central / South America ndi kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri a mazira ndipo sayenera kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mazira. Katemera wa malungo a yellow, omwe ali ndi mapuloteni ochuluka kwambiri a mazira a mazira omwe amapezeka ndi mazira, awonetseratu kuti amachititsa kuti anthu asamachite nkhuku. Mofanana ndi katemera wa chiwindi, katemera wa chikondwerero cha chikasu ukhoza kuperekedwa kwa ozira-anthu omwe amapezako odwala pang'onopang'ono maola ambiri, akuyang'anitsitsa ndi dokotala.
Gelatin
Gelatin, monga yomwe imapezeka mu Jell-O, imaphatikizidwa ku katemera ambiri monga kutenthetsa kwa kutentha.
Nthawi zonse katemera omwe ali ndi gelatin ndi MMR, varicella (nkhuku-pox), chimfine ndi DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus ndi malasel pertussis). Katemera wosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse omwe ali ndi gelatin amakhalanso ndi malungo a chikasu, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi encephalitis ya ku Japan. Kukaniza kwa mankhwalawa kwa katemera wa MMR ndizotheka kwambiri chifukwa cha gelatin mu katemera m'malo mochotsa mapuloteni a dzira mu katemera.
Kwenikweni, munthu aliyense yemwe adzidzidzidzidwa atatha kudya zakudya za gelatin (Jell-O) sayenera kupatsidwa katemera uliwonse. Komabe, monga momwe ziliri ndi katemera odzaza mazira mu dzira-anthu odwala, katemera wa gelatin angaperekedwe ku gelatin-anthu osokonezeka omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
Msuzi wa Baker
Katemera wina amapangidwa ndi Saccharomyces cerevisiae , yomwe ndi yisiti yophika mkate wophika mkate. Katemera wam'nyamata nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chiwindi cha B, ndi katemera wowonjezera omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha B.
Munthu aliyense yemwe adzidzidzidzidwa atatha kudya zakudya zopangidwa ndi yisiti ya wophika mkate sayenera kupatsidwa katemera wa hepatitis B. Komabe, monga momwe zilili ndi katemera odzaza dzira mu dzira-anthu odwala, katemera wotsitsika akhoza kuperekedwa kwa yisiti-anthu omwe amatsutsidwa ndi dokotala atayang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
Phunzirani zambiri za zofunikira zowonjezera zakudya , ndi zakudya zomwe zimawoneka bwino pakati pa ana .
Zotsatira:
Moylett EH, Hanson IC. Zochita zachinyengo za Zoopsa ndi Zoipa Zomwe Zimayenderana ndi Katemera wa Katemera. J Zachilombo Zamtundu wa Immunol. 2004; 114: 1010-20.
Cox JE, Cheng TL. Katemera wochokera ku mazira. Matenda a Kubwereza. 2006; 27: 118-119.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Anayesedwa pa December 12, 2007.
KUDZIZIRANI: Zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizomwe mukuphunzitsidwa, ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chisamaliro cha dokotala wovomerezeka. Chonde onani dokotala wanu kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda kapena matenda.