Pafupifupi 8 peresenti ya ana ndi 2 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu amavutika ndi zakudya zowona. Nthenda ikadya, kudya kwakukulu kumakhala kosavuta.
Zizindikiro za khungu (kuyabwa, urticaria, angioedema ) ndizofala kwambiri ndipo zimachitika nthawi zambiri zomwe zimadya. Zizindikiro zina zingaphatikizepo:
Zosokoneza: kunjenjemera, mphuno yothamanga, mphuno yokongola ndi maso
Mimba: Kutupa, kusanza, kupweteka, kutsekula m'mimba
Kutupa: kupuma pang'ono, kupuma, kukokera, chifuwa cholimba
Vuto: Kutsika kwa magazi, kutsika kwa mutu, kupweteka kwa mtima
Pakakhala koopsa, izi zimatchedwa anaphylaxis, zomwe zingakhale zowopsya.
Kupuma Kapena Kusagwirizana?
Zochita zambiri ku chakudya mwina sizitsutsana ndi chilengedwe, koma zimakhala zovuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe wodwalayo wotsutsa omwe akutsutsana ndi chakudya mwa munthuyo.
Kusasamvana kungatchulidwe ngati poizoni ndi osakhala poizoni. Mankhwala owopsa akhoza kuyembekezeka kuti adzachitike mwa anthu ambiri ngati chakudyacho chikadyanso, zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mowa, caffeine kapena poizoni. Kusagwirizana kwa zakudya zopanda poizoni kumachitika kokha mwa anthu ena, monga kusagwirizana kwa lactose, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa lactase, puloteni yomwe imathyola shuga mu mkaka ndi mkaka. (Odwala matenda osagwirizana ndi lactose amatha kuphulika, kupunduka ndi kutsekula m'mimba mkati mwa mphindi zochepa maola atatha kudya zakudya za lactose, koma sawona zizindikiro zina za chifuwa cha zakudya.)
Zochitika Zosagwirizana ndi Zosakaniza Zosakaniza
Njira yowonjezera yosagwirizana ndi chakudya imaphatikizapo chitetezo cha mthupi, koma palibe mankhwala omwe amatsutsana nawo. Gululi limaphatikizapo ziphuphu zamtundu ndi ma FPIES (syndromes). MAFUPI amapezeka m'mabanja ndi ana aang'ono, ndi m'mimba zizindikiro (kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, ziwalo zamagazi, ndi kulemera) monga zizindikiro.
Mkaka, soya ndi tirigu ndiwo omwe amachititsa anthu ambiri ku mazira. Ana ambiri amakhala kunja kwa MASIKU a zaka ziwiri mpaka 3.
Ana Ambiri Chakudya Chakudya
Mkaka, soya, tirigu, dzira, mtedza, mtedza wa mtedza, nsomba, ndi nkhono zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi 90 peresenti ya chakudya cha ana. Kuwopsa kwa mkaka ndi dzira ndikofala kwambiri ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kumakhala ndi zaka zisanu. Nkhumba, mtedza, nsomba ndi zipolopolo zamtunduwu zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri komanso zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapitirizabe kukhala akuluakulu.
Kupanda Mtanda ndi Kuwononga Mpweya
Kulowetsa m'mimba kumatanthawuza munthu yemwe ali ndi chifuwa chodyera zakudya zofanana mkati mwa gulu la chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, nkhono zonse zimagwirizana kwambiri; ngati munthu ali ndi nkhumba imodzi, amatha kukhala ndi mwayi waukulu kuti munthu asakayike ku zipolopolo zina. Chimodzimodzinso ndi mitengo yamtengo, monga amondi, cashews, ndi walnuts.
Kusokonezeka kwa mtanda kumatanthawuza zakudya zomwe zimadetsa chakudya china, chosagwirizana chowongolera ku "zozizwitsa zobisika". Mwachitsanzo, nthikiti ndi mtedza wamtengo si zakudya zogwirizana. Nkhumba ndi nyemba ndipo zimagwirizana ndi banja la nyemba, pomwe mtedza wamtengo ndi mtedza weniweni. Palibe kugwirizanitsa pakati pa awiriwo, koma zonsezi zikhoza kupezeka m'masitolo a maswiti komanso muzakudya za mtedza wosakaniza, mwachitsanzo.
Kudziwa
Matendawa amapangidwa ndi mbiri yoyenera yokhudza chakudya, komanso mayeso abwino kwa wodwalayo wotsutsana ndi chakudyacho. Kuyezetsa kwa wodwala wodwalayo wodwalayo kumatheka ndi kuyezetsa khungu, ngakhale kuti kungatheke ndi kuyezetsa magazi.
Kuyezetsa magazi, komwe kumatchedwa kuyesa RAST, sikuli kovuta ngati kuyesedwa khungu, koma kungakhale kothandiza kudziwiratu ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la zakudya. Izi ndi zoona makamaka chifukwa nthawi zambiri khungu limakhalabe lothandiza kwa ana omwe atha kuyambitsa matenda.
Ngati matendawa ali ndi vuto ngakhale atayesedwa, wovomerezeka angasankhe kuchita zovuta zowonjezera chakudya kwa wodwalayo.
Izi zimaphatikizapo kuti munthu adye chakudya chochulukirapo maola ochulukirapo atayang'aniridwa ndi zachipatala. Popeza kuti pangakhale njira yowononga moyo wa anaphylaxis, njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa ndi dokotala yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana ndi matenda. Nthenda yamakono yovomerezeka ndiyo njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto la matenda odwala m'thupi mwa wodwalayo.
Chithandizo
Tsatirani zomwe zimayankhidwa: Ngati zomwe zimachitika pa chakudyacho zilipo, munthuyo ayenera kufufuza thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga. Odwala ambiri omwe amadwala matendawa ayenera kunyamula epinephrine, kapena adrenaline (monga Epi-pen® , nthawi zonse.) Mankhwalawa akhoza kuuzidwa ndi dokotala ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi musanayambe kuchitapo kanthu.
Pewani chakudya: Iyi ndiyo njira yabwino yopezera zotsatira zamtsogolo ku zakudya zowonongeka, ngakhale zingakhale zovuta pakudya zakudya monga mkaka, dzira, soya, tirigu ndi mtedza. Phunzirani momwe mungapeŵere zakudya zofala kwambiri . Mabungwe monga Food Allergy ndi Anaphylaxis Network amapereka chithandizo ndi chithandizo kwa odwala komanso makolo a ana omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha zakudya. Madokotala odwala matenda opatsirana amatha kupatsanso zowonjezera zowonjezereka ndi malangizo pa kupeŵa.
Werengani malemba a zakudya: Popeza kuti nthawi zambiri anthu amatha kudya zakudya zosafunika, kuwerenga malemba pa zakudya ndi kufunsa mafunso okhudza zakudya pa malo odyera ndizofunikira komanso zoyenera.
Khalani okonzeka: Odwala omwe ali ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuzindikira ndi kuchitapo kanthu, ngati wina akuyenera kuchitika. Kumbukirani, popeza kuwonetsetsa kwa zakudya zosayembekezereka nthawi zambiri kumakhala koopsa, kukonzekera kuthana ndi zomwe epinephrine imachita ndizofunika kwambiri.
Chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa chiyenera kufunidwa nthawi zonse ngati mankhwalawa atapezeka, ngati epinephrine imagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ayi.
Kulankhulana ndi ena: Kulankhulana ndi achibale, abwenzi, ndi ogwira ntchito kusukulu za matenda a wodwalayo komanso kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito epinephrine n'kofunikanso.
Zimalimbikitsanso kuti wodwala azivale chibangili cha mankhwala (monga mankhwala a Medic-Alert®) akufotokozera chiwopsezo cha zakudya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wa epinephrine, ngati wodwalayo sangathe kulankhulana pakapita nthawi.
Chitsime:
The American Academy of Allergy, Chifuwa ndi Immunology, ndi Chakudya Chakudya Zochita Parameters. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 2006; 96: S1-68.
KUDZIZIRANI: Zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizomwe mukuphunzitsidwa, ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chisamaliro cha dokotala wovomerezeka. Chonde onani dokotala wanu kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda kapena matenda.