Mafuta a Peanut Mafuta, Mafuta a Soybean, Mafuta a Mpendadzuwa, Mafuta a Sesame
Chifuwa cha zakudya chafala m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ndipo tsopano chikukhudza pafupifupi 4% mwa anthu ndi 8% mwa ana. Zakudya zofala kwambiri monga chakudya cha mkaka, dzira la nkhu, nkhanu, soya, tirigu, nsomba ndi mtedza. Popeza kusintha kwa zakudya zowonongeka kungakhale koopsa komanso ngakhale kuopseza moyo, kupeŵa kudya kwakukulu n'kofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidule
Mwamwayi, chakudya chobisika chomwe chimakonzedwa m'makonzedwe ndi zakudya zokonzeka ndizofala, zomwe zimabweretsa zosayembekezereka zakudya zowonongeka. Mafuta osiyanasiyana a zamasamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zambiri zomwe zasinthidwa ndi zakonzedwa, ndipo pakhala pali malipoti osiyanasiyana pazaka zambiri zapitazo zomwe zimachitidwa ndi mafutawa. Ngakhale mafuta a masamba angaphatikizepo mafuta a mandimu, mafuta a soya, mafuta a mpendadzuwa, mafuta a chimanga kapena mafuta a kanjedza, nthawi zambiri chakudya chokonzekera chikhoza kulemba izi monga "mafuta a masamba."
Kawirikawiri, mafuta a masamba ndi okonzedwa kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti akukonzedwe m'njira yotero kuti athetse mapuloteni ambiri omwe ali nawo muwonekedwe lopanda kanthu. Ndilo mapuloteni mu zakudya zomwe zimakhala ngati allergen, ndipo amachititsa kukhumudwa chifukwa chodya chakudya. Kukonza kwa mafuta a masamba kumachepetsera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni pafupifupi pafupifupi 100, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wa mafuta a masamba omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino.
Mwamwayi, mafuta osakanizika ndi mafuta odzola amakhala ndi mapuloteni ena, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri ndi chakudya chokwanira.
Mafuta a Peanut
Zakudya zokopa zapakhungu zafala kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo tsopano zimakhudza 1-2% a anthu okhala m'mayiko akumadzulo.
Kupewa peanut kuli kovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosafunika kuzidya zakudya zambiri. Mafuta a mandimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika ndi kuphika chakudya, ndipo amapezeka onse awiri opanda pake (omwe amatchedwa "olemera", "ozizira ozizira" kapena "owopsa") ndi oyeretsedwa (omwe amatchedwanso "kutenthedwa"). Kutsuka kwa mafuta amchere amatha kuthetseratu kupezeka kwa mapuloteni; ngakhale ngakhale mafuta osakanizika a mafuta amchere ali ndi pangТono kakang'ono - micrograms pa mililiter - ya mapuloteni a mandimu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi nthendayi samamva bwino mpaka atadya mapulogalamu a mapaini a 50 mpaka 100 - kutanthauza kuti munthu amene ali ndi zikopa zamkonde ayenera kudya malita a mafuta osakanizika amchere kuti asamayende bwino. Ndipotu, kafukufuku amene adafalitsidwa mu 1997 adapeza kuti odwala khumi ndi awiri (100%) omwe amadwala matendawa amatha kusokonezeka. Palibe odwala 62 omwe anaphunzirapo atamva mafuta odzola.
Kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa mu 2008 anafuna kudziwa ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuyamwa m'magazi kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zikopa zamtunduwu omwe angapangidwe ndi mapuloteni a mapaini omwe amapezeka mu mafuta a kanani omwe amayesedwa kuti ndi immunoblot.
Zomwe zinachitapo zinachitika, koma m'magazi amagazi omwe ali ndi mwapamwamba kwambiri a anti-antibody kwa peanut. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti phunziroli likuyang'ana pa kuyezetsa magazi, m'malo moyesera kuti aone ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi nthendayi angasokoneze atatha kudya mafuta a mandimu.
Mafuta a Soybean
Zambiri zochepa zimapezeka ponena za mafuta a soya ndi zomwe zimachitika, ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayesedwa m'magulu a zamankhwala ku zakudya, komanso mankhwala, omwe ali ndi mafuta a soya. Zikuoneka kuti, mofanana ndi mtedza, mafuta obiriwira a soybean ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri kuposa mafuta odzola a soya.
Ngakhale kuti soya amawoneka ngati chakudya chofala, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri akuluakulu amachokera ku zitsamba. Ndipotu, pa zaka 10 ndikuchita zozizwitsa / immunology, ndikukhulupirira ndikutha kukumbukira ndikuwona munthu mmodzi kapena awiri omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la soya . Ichi ndi chifukwa chake sitikuwona zambiri za zakudya zowonjezera mafuta a soya.
Mafuta a Mbewu ya Mpendadzuwa
Mbewu za mpendadzuwa sizinali zachilendo, ngakhale ndakhala ndikuwona ochepa odwala mchitidwe wanga posachedwa ndi zakudya zamtundu uwu. Pali ziwerengero zingapo m'mabukhu a zachipatala a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lopweteka kwa mafuta a mpendadzuwa, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 1986 sanapezepo kanthu kwa mankhwala osakanizidwa kapena osakanizidwa a mafuta a mpendadzuwa mu odwala awiri omwe amadziwika anaphylaxis atatha kudya mbewu za mpendadzuwa.
Mafuta a Sesame Mbewu
Sesame ikukhala chakudya chofala kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo ngati zowonongeka, zimakhala zofala kwambiri chifukwa cha sesame. Mafuta a Sesame ndi osiyana ndi mafuta ena a masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lakumwa kwa zakudya. Pachifukwa ichi, mafuta a sitsamba ndi osowa kwambiri, choncho ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri a shuga. Kusintha kwa mankhwala a sitsamba ku mafuta a zitsamba kunanenedwa m'mabukhu a zachipatala, choncho munthu amene ali ndi mankhwala a sitsamine ayenera kupewa mosamalitsa mafuta a zitsamba.
Mafuta Ena a Zamasamba
Pali mafuta ena a masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika ndi zakudya zokonzedwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo mafuta a chimanga, mafuta onunkhira, mafuta a canola, mafuta a kanjedza, mafuta a kanjedza, ndi kokonati. Kupatulapo lipoti limodzi la mafuta a kokonati mankhwala okhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe analembedwa mu 1994, palibe malipoti okhudzana ndi zakudya za mafuta awa a masamba omwe amafalitsidwa mu mabuku a zachipatala. Zikuoneka kuti mafutawa amayeretsedwa ndipo ali ndi mapuloteni ang'onoang'ono omwe angayambitse.
Choncho, ngati munthu ali ndi zakudya zina zomwe zimapezeka mafuta (monga supuni, soya kapena mpendadzuwa), mafuta oyenera ayenera kupewa. Chifukwa chakuti mafuta oyeretsedwa ali ndi mapuloteni ochepa kapena opanda, ayenera kukhala otetezeka kuti mafuta awa adye. Pankhani ya mafuta a sitsamba, kapena mafuta ena onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azidya chakudya, munthu yemwe ali ndi nyemba za sitsamba ayenera kupewa kudya mafuta a sesame.
Werengani zambiri za zovuta zowonjezera zakudya zowonjezera .
Zotsatira:
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Crevel RWR, et al. Kukhalitsa kwa Mafuta Otsitsika Ophika. Chakudya ndi Zamakono Toxicology. 2000; 38: 385-93.
Hourihane JOB, et al. Zowonongeka, Zowonongeka Kawiri, Kukula kwa Crossover Phunziro la Kukhalitsa Kwambiri kwa Mafuta a Zakudya Zakudya Zam'madzi Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Zomwe Zimapangidwira Mbewu Zambiri. BMJ. 1997; 314: 1084.
Kanny G, et al. Sesame Mbeu ndi Sesame Mbeu Zamagetsi Zotsalira Zambiri Zowonjezera Kukula. Zovuta. 1996; 51: 952-7.
Halsey AB, ndi al. Mafuta a Mpendadzuwa Sali Otheradika kwa Odwala Amene Amamva Mbewu za Mpendadzuwa. J Odwala Clinic Immunol.1986 Sep; 78 (3 Pt 1): 408-10.