Pali zinthu zambirimbiri zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ku zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti zikhale zojambula, zokometsera, ndi zosungira. Zowonjezerapo nthawi zambiri ndizochepa kagawo kakang'ono ka zakudya koma owerengeka a iwo akuganiza kuti amachititsa mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Zowonjezera Zakudya
Zowonjezera zakudya zimaphatikizapo magulu otsatirawa:
- Dyes ndi zakudya zokongola (monga tartrazine, annatto, ndi carmine)
- Antioxidants (monga BHA ndi BHT)
- Emulsifiers ndi stabilizers (monga chingamu ndi lecithin)
- Flavouring ndi enhancers kukoma (monga MSG, zonunkhira, ndi sweeteners)
- Zosunga (monga benzoates, nitrates, ndi sulfites)
Dongosolo la Chakudya ndi Mankhwala (FDA) limasunga mndandanda wa zowonjezera zonse zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano ku United States.
Kuchuluka kwa Zomwe Zachitika ku Zowonjezera Zakudya ndi Zosunga
Popeza zikutheka kuti zambiri zowonjezera zakudya zowonjezera sizipezeka, ndondomeko yeniyeni yowonongeka siidziwika. Komabe, mu phunziro limodzi lochokera ku chiwerengero cha anthu, chiwerengerochi chinali 0.23 peresenti yokha.
Zomwe Zingachitike Chifukwa cha Zowonjezera Zakudya
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zakudya zowonjezera. Zina mwa zochitikazi zimapangitsa kuti zisokonezeke , pamene zina zambiri siziwoneka ngati zosagwirizana, koma zimakhala zosasamala kapena zokhudzidwa. Malipoti a zomwe zimachitika ku zowonjezera zakudya zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Zochita za khungu:
- Urticaria / angioedema (mng'oma)
- Dermatitis yapamwamba
- Kukwapula
- Kuyabwa
- Flushing
- Zotsatira za m'mimba:
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kusuta / kusanza
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Zomwe zimawotcha:
- Zizindikiro za mphumu
- Kukuda
- Rhinitis
- Zotsatira za musculoskeletal:
- Misala ya minofu
- Zolumikizana pamodzi
- Kutopa
- Kufooka
- Zochitika za Neurologic:
- Makhalidwe ndi maganizo amasintha
- Matenda okhudzidwa / osokonezeka (ADHD)
- Mutu wa mutu wa Migraine
- Numbness
- Zotsatira za mtima:
- Palpitations
- Arrhythmias
Kuzindikira Zotsatira Zowonjezereka kwa Zowonjezera Zakudya
Kupeza zakudya zowonjezera zakudya kumaganiziridwa mukakhala ndi zosiyana pa zakudya zokonzedwa bwino kapena pamene mukudyera ku malo odyera, koma osati kuchokera ku zakudya zokonzedwa kunyumba. Zakudya zosiyanasiyana zooneka ngati zosagwirizana zingakhale zowonjezera, monga zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya kapena zoteteza.
Pakadapezeka chakudya kapena zakudya zowonjezera, kuyezetsa magazi (kugwiritsira ntchito khungu kapena RAST) kungakhale kotheka kwa zinthu zina zachilengedwe monga annatto, carmine, ndi safironi. Kuyesera zinthu zopangidwa sizingatheke kapena zodalirika, choncho chiyeso cha zakudya zopanda chitetezo chingawathandize kupeza chithandizo cha zakudya zowonjezera.
Nthaŵi zambiri, njira yokhayo yodziwira moyenera zowonjezera zakudya zowonjezera ndikumva zovuta za pamlomo ndi woganiza kuti zowonjezera pansi pa kuyang'anitsitsa kwa wotsutsa.
Zovuta Zowonjezera Zakudya
Izi ndi zisanu ndi zinai zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zingayambitse zotsatirazi:
1. Tartrazine
Amadziwika kuti FD & C Yellow No. 5, akuganiza kuti tartrazine ndi amene amachititsa zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo urticaria (ming'oma), mphumu, ndi matenda ena.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akhala akutsutsana kuti aspirin-astermatic allergenic ndizovuta makamaka tartrazine. Kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti tartrazine ndi yowonjezereka kwambiri pa dermatitis ya atopic. The FDA imanena kuti ikhoza kuyambitsa ming'oma, koma izi ndizosawerengeka ndipo zimachitika osachepera mmodzi mwa anthu 10,000.
2. Carmine
Carmine ndi mtundu wofiira wa zakudya wofiira wopangidwa kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa Dactylopius coccus costa omwe angapezeke pa peckly pear zomera. Mbalameyi imapezanso zodzoladzola zosiyanasiyana, zakumwa, yogasi wofiira, ndi popsicles. Zomwe zimachitika ku carmine zikuphatikizapo anaphylaxis ndi mphumu ya ntchito ndipo mwina chifukwa cha antibodies.
3. Chaka
Annatto ndi utoto wa chikasu wopangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu za ku South America mtengo, Bixia Orellana . Zowonjezera izi zapezeka kuti zimayambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo anaphylaxis ndi urticaria / angioedema.
4. Antioxidants
Mankhwala ophera antioxidants monga BHA (otsekemera hydroxyanisole) ndi BHT (otayika hydroxytoluene) amawonjezeredwa kuti athetse kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta. Onse awiri a BHA ndi BHT akudandaula kuti amachititsa urticaria ndi angioedema (mng'oma).
5. Emulsifiers ndi Stabilizers
Emulsifiers: Lecithin ndi emulsifier yopangidwa kuchokera ku soya ndi mazira ndipo ikhoza kukhala ndi mapuloteni a soya. Zomwe zimachitika ku lecithin ya soy ndizosawerengeka, ngakhale mu soya-anthu osayenerera, chifukwa msinkhu wa zowonjezerazi ndizochepa zakudya zambiri.
Ziphuphu: Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zakudya zowonjezera ndipo amagwira ntchito monga emulsifiers ndi stabilizers. Magulu akuluakulu monga guar, tragacanth, xanthan, carrageenan, mthethe (Chiarabu), ndi nyemba za dzombe. Ambiri mwazinthu zimenezi amadziwika kuti amavutika kwambiri ndi mphumu, makamaka pa malo ogwira ntchito, pamene akuuluka. Ena amadziwika kuti amachititsa kuti anthu asamayesedwe pochita zakudya. Gamu woteteza chingayambitse anaphylaxis.
6. Monosodium Glutamate
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zowonjezera, komanso zimapezeka mwachibadwa. Zomwe zimachitika ku MSG zakhala zotchedwa "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome," ndipo zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kumbuyo kwa khosi, mapewa ndi manja, zofooka, ndi zovuta. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kupanikizika kwa nkhope / kupweteka, kupweteka mutu, kupwetekedwa mtima, kupweteka pachifuwa ndi kugona. MSG imakayikiriranso kuti kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro za mphumu.
7. zonunkhira
Mafuta ndiwo mbali ya zonunkhira, maluwa, mizu, mabala, ndi mitengo. Chifukwa chakuti amachokera ku zomera, zonunkhira zimatha kuyambitsa zotsatira, monga ngati pollens, zipatso, ndi masamba. Mafuta ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga tsabola, tsabola, caraway, sinamoni, coriander, adyo, mace, anyezi, paprika, parsley, ndi tsabola. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti kupweteka kwa zonunkhira sikukudziwikiratu.
8. Aspartame
Aspartame ndi zokoma zokoma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakudya zambiri ndi zakumwa zopanda shuga. Zakudya zowonjezerazi zikuganiziridwa kuti zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga mutu, kupweteka, ndi urticaria.
9. Sulfites
Ma sulfites kapena sulphate (mwa mitundu ya sodium sulfite, bisulfite ya sodium, metabisulfite ya sodium, bisulfite ya potassium, ndi metabisulfite ya potassium) ndizozitetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala. Sulphites amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asakhale ndi chifuwa cha mphumu komanso mphumu . Akatswiri amavomereza kuti sulfites angapangitse zizindikiro za mphumu pafupifupi 3 peresenti mpaka 10 peresenti ya akuluakulu a asthmatics, makamaka achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu. Sulfites angapangitsenso anaphylaxis ndi anthu angapo.
Kuchiza kwa Kutsekula kwa Zakudya Zowonjezera ndi Zosungirako Zakudya
Zambiri mwa zomwe zimachitika ku zakudya zowonjezera, monga MSG, ndizochepa ndipo zimathetsa popanda chithandizo. Zochitika zoopsa, kuphatikizapo urticaria, angioedema, kuphulika kwa mphumu, ndi anaphylaxis zingafunike kuchipatala mwamsanga. Kuchita izi kumachitidwa mofanana mofanana ndi zakudya zina zowonjezera chakudya. Ngati kuyang'ana kuli kovuta, zingakhale zofunikira kuti mukhale okonzeka kuchitapo kanthu , monga kutenga jekeseni epinephrine ndi kuvala chibangili cha mankhwala.
Kupanda kutero, njira yaikulu ya mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zotsatira zolakwika ku zowonjezera zakudya ndi kupeŵa kukhumudwitsa chakudya chokwanira.
> Zotsatira:
> Chen JL, Bahna SL. Ziphuphu Zotsutsana. Zizindikiro za Kutsekula kwa Mthupi, Khunyu ndi Immunology . September 2011; 107 (3): 191-9. lembani: 10.1016 / j.anai.2011.06.020.
> Simon RA. Zotsatira Zomwe Zimayendera ndi Zachimake Kwa Zowonjezera Zakudya. Zaposachedwa. Idasinthidwa pa May 4, 2017.
> US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Zowonjezera Chakudya Zakudya, Zowonjezera & Colours. Bungwe la International Information Information Council (IFIC) ndi US Food and Drug Administration. Idasinthidwa December 2, 2014.
> Vally H, Misso NL. Zotsatira Zovuta ku Zowonjezera za Sulphite. Gastroenterology ndi Hepatology Kuchokera Kugona mpaka Bench . 2012; 5 (1): 16-23.