Kuyenda, kulera, kapena kukhala ndi pakati? Gwiritsani ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa ndi makondomu
Ngati mumakhala m'madera ambiri ku United States, mwayi wokhala ndi kachilombo ka Zika ndi wotsika kwambiri. Komabe, ku Florida mu 2016, panali milandu 262 ya matenda opatsirana a Zika-chinachake chomwe mukuyenera kukumbukira ngati mukupita kumwera chakumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kupita ku tchuthi ndikuganiza za kuyamba banja.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu 262 adagwidwa ndi Zika ali ku Florida osati kuchoka kupita ku mayiko ena ku Caribbean, Central America, ndi South America-omwe ali phokoso la chiwopsezo komanso kumene kachilombo ka HIV kakufala kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera apo ku Florida mu 2016, 224 amayi apakati anapezeka ndi matenda a Zika.
Zakhala zikudziwika kuti matenda omwe ali ndi matenda a Zika pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati amakhala okhudzidwa ndi zilema zobadwa. Zikayi makamaka, Zika ingayambitse ubongo zovuta kwa ana. Phunziro latsopano lofalitsidwa ndi CDC likuganiza kuti akazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika amakhala ndi nthawi zambiri zobereka mwana yemwe ali ndi zilema zobereka. Tayamba kuyesa zotsatira za Zika.
Zika Zizindikiro
Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika alibe zizindikiro. Kwa omwe amakhala ndi zizindikiro, Zika ndi matenda ochepa (fever) matenda. Komabe, amayi apakati omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika akhoza kukhala ndi ana okhala ndi microcephaly, kapena mitu yaing'ono, ndi zina zofooka za ubongo komanso mavuto a maso. Komabe, zolepheretsa zonse zoberekera sizidziwika. Choncho, amayi apakati ayenera kupewa matenda a Zika kachilombo.
Amayi oyembekezera akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka Zika pa trimester iliyonse. Deta pa matenda a Zika kachilombo kwa amayi ndi ochepa. Zindikirani, palibe umboni wakuti amayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi kachilombo ka Zika kapena zizindikiro zomwe ziri zoipitsitsa kuposa zomwe zimachitikira anthu omwe alibe mimba.
M'mawu ena, Zika akhoza kufanana mofanana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati monga ena, komabe amalephera kubereka kwambiri kwa ana osabereka.
Kukula kwa Zika-Zokhudzana ndi Mavuto Obadwa
Kusindikiza mu Malingaliro ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata (MMWR) mu March 2017, ofufuza adatha kulingalira momwe mkazi yemwe ali ndi matenda a Zika angathe kubereka mwana yemwe ali ndi zilema zobereka.
Ofufuzawa anagwiritsira ntchito deta ya Zika zisanachitike kuti athetse vuto lobadwa ngati zofanana ndi zomwe zimawoneka mwa ana obadwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika. Mwachindunji, ochita kafukufuku anafufuza kuwonjezeka kwa zofooka za kubadwa ku Massachusetts, North Carolina, ndi Atlanta, Georgia, pakati pa 2013 ndi 2014. Zindikirani, malowa anasankhidwa chifukwa amatenga zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi mitundu yonse ya zilema zobereka, zomwe zisanachitike Zika kuphulika.
Kenaka, ofufuza anayezetsa kuchuluka kwa ana amene anabadwa kwa amayi odwala pakati pa January 15 ndi September 22, 2016, pogwiritsa ntchito Zika Registry ya Mimba ya US.
Poyerekeza zisanafike Zika ndi deta ya Zika, asayansi amasonyeza kuti mwayi woti amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV abereke mwana amene ali ndi vuto lobadwa ndi pafupifupi 20.
Zoona, kuyerekeza deta ya dziko ndi deta ya CDC sikulinganiza bwino.
Komabe, kufananitsa kumatipatsanso lingaliro la kukula kwa ngozi. Phunziroli likugogomezeranso kufunika kokhala ndi zolembetsa za kubadwa kuti zikhale zolepheretsa kubereka m'zaka zatsopano za Zika.
Malinga ndi ochita kafukufukuwo:
Deta iyi ikuwonetsa zopereka zofunikira kwambiri za anthu obadwa ndi vuto la kubadwa kuti azindikire zotsatira za matenda a Zika pa nthawi ya mimba. Mu 2016, CDC inapereka ndalama zothandizira madera 45 a m'deralo, boma, ndi madera kuti azionetsetsa mofulumira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri kuti athetse kuopsa kwa matenda a Zika ku United States.
Kuchiza Kuchokera Kumadzulu
Zika kachilombo kafalikira ndi udzudzu wa Aedes , womwe umaluma usana ndi usiku. Pakadali pano palibe katemera wa Zika. Ndipo ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuganiza kuti mukhale ndi pakati, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti musapewe matenda.
Ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mumakhala kumalo komwe Zika amafalikira kumudzi kapena kumaliza kupita kumadera amenewa pamene ali ndi pakati, ndizofunika kwambiri kupewa kupezeka ndi udzudzu. Nazi malingaliro oyenera kukumbukira:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana kumachepetsa chiopsezo kuti mutenge pang'ono. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) imakonza chida chofufuzira chimene chimapangitsa kuti munthu akugwiritsirani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndipo CDC imalimbikitsa kuti kuti muteteze ku Zika, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito EPA-olembetsa olembetsa. (EPA-olembetsa olembetsa ayesedwa kuti apindule.) Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, tsatirani njira zogwiritsira ntchito phukusi ndikubwezeretsanso ngati mukufunikira. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ngati mukugwiritsanso ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa, gwiritsani ntchito sunscreen musanayambe kugwedeza.
- Mukhozanso kuteteza kuti udzudzu udzatuluke pochotsa madzi onse omwe mumakhala nawo. Aedes aegypti , mtundu wa udzudzu womwe umafalitsa Zika kachilomboka, umakonda kubzala m'makina opangidwa ndi anthu pafupi kapena uli ndi madzi, monga mabotolo, zitini, ziwiya za pet, ndowa, mapopu amaluwa, ndi matayala. Ming'onoting'onoyi amaika mazira awo kumbaliyi ndipo mazira amawamatira ngati guluu. Pofuna kuchotsa mazira, amafunika kuchotsedwa. Komanso, mazirawa amatha kupulumuka miyezi isanu ndi itatu ikauma. Pakapita nthawi madzi akaphimba mazira, mazira amathyoka ndipo amakhala akuluakulu pafupifupi sabata imodzi. Ngati mumayenera kusunga madzi m'mabotolo kapena m'mabotolo ena kuti mugwiritse ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti zidazi zasindikizidwa bwino.
Chofunika kwambiri, ngati simukukhala m'dera limene Zika kachilombo likufalikira-m'mawu ena, ambiri a United States-muyenera kupewa malo omwe Zika amafalitsidwa ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuganiza za mimba. Madera amenewa ndi Mexico, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Brazil, Fiji, American Samoa, ndi zina zambiri. CDC imapereka mapu onse a mayiko kumene Zika amafalitsidwa kwanuko.
Chonde kumbukirani kuti Zika kachilombo kafukufuku inapezedwanso m'madera angapo omwe ali mbali ya United States. Makamaka, amayi oyembekezera ayenera kupewa ulendo wopita ku America Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Miami, ndi Brownsville, Texas.
Kutengera Kugonana
Zika kachilombo ingathenso kupatsirana pogonana, kugonana, komanso kugonana. Ikhozanso kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito zidole za kugonana. Makondomu akhoza kuchepetsa mwayi wodwala. Chonde dziwani kuti Zika kachilombo kavalidwe kamene kamatha kuperekedwa kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi asanafike chitukuko, panthawi ya matenda, komanso zizindikiro zikadutsa.
Komanso, Zika ikhozanso kuperekedwa kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo koma alibe zizindikiro. CDC imalimbikitsa kuti omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka Zika, makondomu azigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera-kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto-nthawi iliyonse ya chiwerewere, chilakolako kapena kugonana. Mwinanso, amayi apakati akhoza kupewa kugonana pamene ali ndi mimba yonse.
Kupanga Mimba
Kwa amayi amene apita ku malo omwe Zika amafalikira kapena agonana popanda kondomu ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika, nkofunika kuyembekezera masabata asanu ndi atatu asanakwatire. Zisonyezo za Zika kachilombo zimatha masiku angapo kupita sabata.
Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika, nkofunika kuyembekezera masabata asanu ndi atatu chitatha chiyambi asanakhale ndi pakati. Amuna ayenera kuyembekezera osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi atatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kapena kumapeto kuti athe kuwonetsa mkazi asanamupatse chiopsezo chifukwa choopa kutumiza kachilomboka.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati inu ndi mnzanu mumakhala kumalo kumene Zika matendawa akufalikira ndikukonzekera kuti mukhale ndi pakati, chonde kambiranani zazomwe mungachite ndi dokotala wanu. Pamapeto pake, zosankha zokhudzana ndi kutenga mimba kumalo kumene Zika amafalitsidwa ndizovuta komanso zaumwini.
Komanso, zochitika zimasiyana pakati pa anthu awiri ndi awiri, ndipo chifukwa chake uphungu ndi wofunika. Dokotala wodalirika kapena wothandizira zaumoyo angakuthandizeni kutsogolera kupanga chisankho. Ngati mumakhala kumalo kumene Zika akufalitsidwa, mungafune kuchepetsa kutenga pakati.
> Zosowa
> Cragen, JD, et al. Kukula kwapakati pazowonongeka kwa ziwalo zoberekera zokhudzana ndi matenda a Zika Virus Infection - Massachusetts, North Carolina, ndi Atlanta, Georgia, 2013-2014. Kuchiza ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata. 2017; 66 (8): 219-222.
> DynaMed Editorial Team. Zika kachilombo ka mimba ndi matenda obadwa ndi Zika. Inasinthidwa komaliza 2017 January 30. Imapezeka kuchokera ku DynaMed: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed.
> Zowonetsera Zomwe Amayi Amayi Akuyembekezera Pambuyo Pambuyo la Zika - United States, 2016. Lamlungu. January 22, 2016; 65 (2): 30-33. www.cdc.gov.
> Zika, udzudzu, ndi Madzi Oima. Blog Blog Matters Matters. March 22, 2016. https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2016/03/zikaandwater/
> Zika kachilombo. Matenda ndi Mavuto. www.Floridahealth.gov