Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni zimasiyana ndi akazi
Pamene anthu amaganiza za matenda a chithokomiro , iwo amawona kuti ndi matenda omwe amakhudza amayi. Ndipo, pamene ziri zoona kuti akazi ali pakati pa eyiti ndi 10 omwe angakhudzidwe kangapo, amuna ambirimbiri ku United States amakhulupirira kuti akukhala ndi mtundu wina wa matendawa.
Pakati pa izi, pafupifupi 60 peresenti amapita kuti asapitsidwe, akuti American Thyroid Association, chifukwa chakuti anthu amachitabebe ngati "matenda a mkazi."
Koma icho ndi gawo limodzi chabe la vuto. Ngakhale kuti matenda a chithokomiro amayamba ndi ofanana ndi amuna ndi akazi, pali zizindikiro zosiyana kwambiri ndi amuna omwe nthawi zambiri amawaphonya kapena kuwasokoneza, zomwe zimawathandiza kupeza matendawa.
Kumvetsa Matenda a Chithokomiro
Chithokomiro ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali ndi gulugufe kamene kali pambuyo pa khosi lanu kumbuyo kwa apulo ya Adam. Ngakhale kuti ndi yaing'ono kwambiri, chithokomiro chimayambitsa ntchito zambiri zapakhomo.
Ntchito yaikulu ya chithokomiro ndi kutulutsa ma hormone m'magazi omwe amatengedwera ku maselo a thupi. Mahomoniwa amathandiza thupi kuchepetsa mphamvu, kuyendetsa kutentha kwa thupi, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mtima, ubongo, minofu, ndi ziwalo zina zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Ndipotu, thupi lonse limadalira mahomoni otulutsa chithokomiro, kuyambira kukula kwa tsitsi lanu ndi misomali mpaka kugonana kwanu.
Choncho, zifukwa zomveka kuti kusanthana kulikonse kungayambitse machitidwewa, mwa kuika maburashi pa momwe akugwirira ntchito kapena kuwakhaulitsa.
Thanzi la chithokomiro limagwira ntchito potenga ayodini kuchokera ku zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikusandutsa makina a mahomoni. Mahomoni akuluakulu a chithokomiro amadziwika kuti triiodothyronine (T3) ndi thyroxine (T4).
Mlingo umene mahomoni ameneŵa amapangidwa amadziwika kwambiri ndi chithokomiro . Udindo wa peniitary gland ndi kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa T3 ndi T4 kumazungulira magazi. Ngati ali otsika kwambiri, gland idzatulutsa timadzi timene timatchedwa hormone (TSH) yotulutsa chithokomiro kuti tisonyeze kuti chithokomiro chimatulutsa zambiri.
Kusokonekera kulikonse kwa makina otchedwa hormonal-mwina chifukwa cha chotupa, matenda a autoimmune, kapena zifukwa zina-zingayambitse chithokomiro kutulutsa mahomoni ochuluka ( hyperthyroidism ) kapena pang'ono ( hypothyroidism ).
Hyperthyroidism mwa Amuna
Hyperthyroidism ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chithokomiro chimatulutsa kwambiri T3, T4, kapena onse awiri. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za izi. Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi matenda a Graves , matenda osokoneza bongo omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga munthu wotsutsa amene amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chiziwongolera kwambiri.
Matenda a manda amayamba kwambiri m'mabanja ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amakhudza munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 200 ku United States, omwe ali achikulire oposa 40.
Zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa hyperthyroidism mwa amuna ndizo:
- Thyroiditis (kutentha kwa chithokomiro) chomwe chimayambitsa T3 ndi T4 kukhala "kutuluka" kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro
- Matenda owopsa a chithokomiro kapena chigoba cha pituitary
- Matenda oopsa a makoswe
- Khansara yamatsenga
- Kudya kwambiri kwa ayodini
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera T4 omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omanga thupi kuti azifulumizitsa mlingo wamagetsi kuti mupeze "kudula," kuchepa kwa minofu kuyang'ana
Amuna omwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism adzalandira zizindikiro zambiri za matenda monga akazi. Angamve kuti amawotha kapena amawopsya pa firiji. Kuwonjezeka kwa kagayidwe kake kamene kumayambitsa kusintha kwa chilakolako kapena mwadzidzidzi, kutayika kwakukulu. Kukhala wamantha, kudzimva, kutopa, kusathamangitsidwa, ndi kugwedezeka kwa manja ndizofala. Kawirikawiri, kutentha kwa mtima kudzawonjezeka ndipo kumawoneka ngati kupweteka kapena kugwedeza m'chifuwa.
Chimodzi mwa zizindikirozo ndi proptosis , kapena maso a maso akugwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a Manda. Pakati pa 25 peresenti mpaka 50 peresenti ya amayi ndi abambo adzalandira chizindikiro ichi cha hyperthyroid, chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa maselo a chitetezo m'thupi.
Kugonana kwa Amuna mu Matenda a Hyperthyroid
Komabe, pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe amuna amakhulupirira. Izi zimaphatikizapo gynecomastia, kutambasula kosalekeza kwa minofu yomwe imakhala ikuwonekera kwa amuna achikulire koma ikhoza kuwoneka kale mwa amuna omwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism.
Chizindikiro china chofotokozera ndi kugonana kosagwirizana . Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa libido, kupweteka kwa erectile ndiko kudandaula kwachilendo kwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a hyperthyroid. Kuwunika kwa 2012 kuchokera ku Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit ku University of Florence ku Italy kunayesa kufufuza kumene amuna okwanira 6,573 anayesedwa. Amuna omwe amapezeka ngati hyperthyroid (omwe ali otsika TSH ndi ma t4 apamwamba) anawoneka kuti ali pangozi yowopsa ya erectile dysfunction.
Ngakhale atasintha zinthu monga zaka, kusuta, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi kuchepa kwa testosterone, amuna omwe ali ndi hyperthyroidism anali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka kawiri poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe ali ndi machitidwe oyenera a TSH / T4. Chifukwa chake izi zimachitikabe.
Matenda a Hyperothyroids Amuna
Hypothyroidism imapezeka pamene thupi lanu silitulutsa mahomoni okwanira a chithokomiro. Kawirikawiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda ena omwe amadziwika kuti Hashimoto , omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro.
Matenda a Hashimoto amachititsa chithokomiro (kutentha kwa chithokomiro) chomwe chimayambitsa mahomoni a chithokomiro. Komabe, patapita nthawi, kutupa kosalekeza kumawononga chithokomiro kumene kulibe T3 ndi T4.
Monga matenda a manda, Hashimoto ndiwo makamaka matenda obadwa nawo kudzera mwa mabanja ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 14 miliyoni ku United States, makamaka pakati pa zaka makumi asanu ndi zisanu ndi makumi asanu ndi zitatu.
Zina mwa zifukwa za hypothyroidism mwa amuna ndizo:
- Chithandizo cha matenda a hyperthyroid (kuphatikizapo radioiodine therapy ) omwe nthawi zina amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chitseke kwathunthu
- Kuchita opaleshoni ya chithokomiro yokhudza kuchotsa zina kapena zonsezi
- Mazira omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ya mutu ndi khosi
- Matenda osokonekera a chithokomiro
- Mankhwala ena monga lithiamu, amiodarone (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita chiwerewere chosagwirizana), ndi interferon alpha (yogwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza khansa zina)
Amuna omwe ali ndi hypothyroidism adzapeza zizindikiro zambiri za matendawa monga amayi. Angakhale olekerera ndi ozizira komanso m'chipinda chofunda. Kutopa, kudzimbidwa, kupanikizika, ndi mantha ndizofala. Pakhoza kukhala kudzitukumula kwa mikono, miyendo, manja, mapazi, ndi nkhope komanso kuwonjezeka kosasintha kwa chithokomiro (wotchedwa goiter).
Kugonana kwa Amuna mu Matenda a Hypothyroid
Malinga ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi amuna, hypothyroidism imagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kutayika kwa minofu ndi mphamvu m'malo molemera kulemera komwe kumawoneka mwa amayi.
Hyperothyroidism ingakhalenso kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kusabereka kwa amuna. Ndipotu, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti amuna omwe ali ndi chithokomiro chochepa amayamba kukhala ndi umphawi wochuluka, kuchepa kwa umuna, komanso kuchepa kwa umuna.
Izi amakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsa, mwina mbali imodzi, ndi hormone yotchedwa prolactin yomwe imadziwika ndi chigoba cha pituitary pamodzi ndi TSH. Pamene chiwerengero cha TSH chimawonjezeka mu anthu hypothyroid, chomwechonso, kodi prolactin. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kungayambitse kuchepa kwa testosterone zomwe zingakhudze mtundu wa umuna, kugonana, komanso ngakhale kupweteka kwa minofu.
Mphamvu ya hypothyroidism pa androgens (mahomoni amphongo) imayambanso kugwirizana kwambiri ndi erectile dysfunction, ngakhale kuti ndondomeko yeniyeniyi siyikudziwika bwino. Mosiyana ndi hyperthyroidism, pomwe kugwa kwa TSH ndi kuwuka mu T4 kumayenderana ndi mavuto a erection, palibe kugwirizana komwe kwakhazikitsidwa kwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda a hypothyroid.
Ponena izi, phunziro la 2008 lomwe linafalitsidwa mu Journal of Clinical Endocrinology ndi Metabolism linanena kuti amuna omwe ali ndi chithokomiro chochepa amakhala ndi miyeso yoposa ya erectile kusiyana ndi amuna a hyperthyroid (85 peresenti ndi 71 peresenti) amadziwika ndi amuna omwe ali ndi chithokomiro chachibadwa (25 peresenti).
Phunziro lomwelo linasonyeza kuti, kamodzi kake katemera atabwezeretsedwa kudzera mwa mankhwala, kuchuluka kwake kwa erectile kutayika kunali kofanana kwambiri ndi kwa anthu ambiri.
Mavuto Pakudziwa
Ngakhale kuti matenda ndi chithandizo cha matenda a chithokomiro sakhala osiyana kwa amuna monga momwe zilili kwa amayi, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu kofikira amuna omwe akudwala matendawa.
Ngakhale amayi amawoneka kuti ali ndi vuto la chithokomiro akamabwera ndi zizindikiro, madokotala nthawi zambiri amadwala chithokomiro akamakumana ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za amuna. Komanso, chifukwa zizindikiro zambiri zimayambira ndipo zimachitika makamaka kwa amuna oposa 40, madokotala nthawi zambiri amanena kuti zinthu monga erectile, kutayika, ndi kutaya mphamvu kwa zaka.
Ngakhale kuti matenda a chithokomiro akudandaula, madokotala nthawi zambiri amalephera kulongosola mayesero osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo TSH, ufulu wa T3, ufulu wonse ndi T4, ndi betri yazinthu zina zofunika. Popanda mayesero onsewa, adokotala adzakhala ndi zochepa chabe zomwe zingakhalepo kapena sizikuchitika. Kwenikweni, popanda gulu lathunthu, mayesero akhoza kubwerera "mwachibadwa" ndipo amatha kuphonya matenda a chithokomiro ngakhale amuna omwe akuwoneka akudwala.
Mu mpweya womwewo, amuna nthawi zambiri amazengereza kapena manyazi kuchita nawo zizindikiro zawo zonse ndi madokotala awo, ndikuwongolera pa zomwe ziri zooneka bwino kapena zovuta. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amuna amasiya zonse zomwe akukumana nazo, chifukwa amadziŵa kuti mahomoni angakhudze bwanji maganizo, kukumbukira, ndi kulingalira .
Chifukwa cha ichi, madokotala amangotenga gawo la chithunzichi ndipo sangathe kuphatikizana pamodzi ndondomeko zofunikira kuti adziwone.
Zimene Mungachite
Ndi zochepa zochepa, pali zizindikiro zochepa zedi za matenda a chithokomiro mwa amuna. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro monga goiter ndi proptosis zingakulozeretseni njira yoyenera, nthawi zambiri osati zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zidzakhala zosavuta komanso zosadziwika.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha matenda a chithokomiro ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri-koma osati nthawi zonse-kupita patsogolo. Chifukwa chakuti kutentha kwa chithokomiro kumakhudza ziwalo zambiri za thupi, nkofunika kuti muzindikire zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe mukukumana nazo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kunena kuti kusintha kumeneku kumafika m'badwo, amuna ambiri amatha kudziwa ngati vuto ndi losazolowereka, silimveka bwino, kapena likukulirakulira.
Ngati pazifukwa zilizonse mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a chithokomiro, onetsetsani kuti mukufotokozera dokotala wanu zizindikiro zonse ndikufunsa ngati chithandizo cha chithokomiro chikhoza kukhala chifukwa. Ngati kuli kofunikira, mukhoza kupempha kuti mutumize kwa katswiri wina wamaphunziro odziwa za matenda a chithokomiro.
Kuphatikiza pa gulu lonse la chithokomiro, funsani ngati mayesero apadera kwambiri otchedwa TRH oyambitsa kuyesa angaphatikizidwe. Ndizovuta mtengo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mayesero a mtima wamtima, koma ndi njira imodzi yodalirika yodziwiratu lero.
Mukapeza kuti mwamsanga, mukhoza kupeza mankhwala asanafike mavuto aakulu. Matenda a chithokomiro masiku ano ndi ophweka kuposa kale ndipo angaphatikizepo mankhwala, zakudya, ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Ngati opaleshoni kapena chithandizo cha radioiodine chikufunika, nthawi zambiri matendawa amayamba kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kupambana kwakukulu.
Mfundo yaikulu sikuti azivutika mwamtendere. Kwa katswiri wodziwa zachipatala kapena kudziwa za mankhwala omwe akupezeka m'deralo, gwiritsani ntchito malo opezeka pa intaneti omwe amaperekedwa ndi American Thyroid Association kapena kufunsa American Board of Medical Specialties kwaulere pa 866-275-2267.
> Zotsatira:
> Matenda a Chithokomiro ku America. "Kukula Kwambiri ndi Zotsatira za Matenda a Chithokomiro." Fall Church, Virginia; yasinthidwa mwezi wa 2017.
> Corona, G ;; Wu, F .; Forti, G. et al. "Mahomoni a chithokomiro komanso kugonana kwa amuna." Int J Androl. 2012; 35 (5): 668-79. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1365-2605.2012.01266.x.
> Krajewska-Kulak, E. ndi Sengupta, P. "Ntchito ya Chithokomiro M'thupi la Amuna." Front Endocrinol. 2013; 4: 174. DOI: 10.3389 / fendo.2013.00174.
> Krassas, G ;; Tziomalos, K.; Papadopoulou, R. et al. "Erectile kulephera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hyper-and hypothyroidism: kodi ndi wamba bwanji ndipo tiyenera kuchitanji?" J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93 (5): 1815-9. DOI: 10.1210 / jc.2007-2259.