Chirichonse Chimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Pankhani ya Chiprotestine
Njira yotchedwa endocrine ili ndi ma glands angapo omwe ali m'thupi lonse. Zilondazi zimatulutsa mahomoni - amtundu wa mankhwala omwe amasonyeza kuti thupi limagwira ntchito zofunika, kawirikawiri limagwirizana ndi kukula ndi kuchepa kwa thupi.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya glands mkati mwa dongosolo la endocrine.
Mankhwala otchedwa endocrine amaphatikizapo ziphuphu, chithokomiro, ziphuphu ndi mazira a adrenal.
Amatulutsa mahomoni awo mwachindunji m'magazi, kumene amanyamulidwa kumalo a ntchito.
Mankhwala a Exocrine amatulutsa mahomoni awo molunjika m'matope. Zitsanzo za zozizira za exocrine zimaphatikizapo zotsekemera, zotsekemera, zamatumbo ndi zakudya zam'mimba.
Kodi Mahomoni Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Mitundu yambiri ya endocrine imaganizira kwambiri za mahomoni omwe amapanga kapena mankhwala omwe amawathandiza. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kapena mankhwala ndi kochepa ndiye kozolowereka, kawirikawiri kumatsegula chikho. Ngati nthendayi ili pamwamba, idzaleka kupanga ma hormone. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchulidwa ngati ndondomeko yoyipa. Matenda a endocrine amatha kukhazikitsidwa mwachindunji ndi kutengeka kwa mantha.
Pamene mapulogalamu opangira maselo amtundu wa endocrine amachititsidwa ndi mahomoni ena, kutuluka kwa zinthu zakutchire kumayambira mkati mwa selo. Zovomerezeka ndi mahomoni ndizochindunji.
Mtundu umodzi wokha wa mahomoni udzakwanira mu cholandira chopatsidwa. Ngati homoni yosakayesayesa ikuyesera kulowa mu cholandira, palibe chomwe chidzachitike.
Matenda a Endocrine ndi mahomoni omwe amachititsa
Pituitary Gland - Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "master gland" chifukwa cha ntchito zake zambiri zokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kake ndi kusungidwa kwa homeostasis.
Pali maola awiri a pituitary: anterior ndi posterior.
Lobe yamoto imatulutsa mahomoni ambiri kuphatikizapo:
- Prolactin
- Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni
- Nyamakazi yotulutsa mahomoni
- Luteinizing hormone
- Chithokomiro chimayambitsa hormone
- Adrenocorticotropin hormone
Zotsatira zachinsinsi zimabisa:
- Anti-diuretic hormone
- Oxytocin
Hypothalmus - The hypothalmus ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka ubongo komwe kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi chifuwa cha pituitary. Amayendetsa mahomoni amtunduwu mwa kutulutsa mahomoni omwe amachititsa kapena kulepheretsa kumasulidwa kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, hypothalamus imabisa gonadotropin kutulutsa hormone, yomwe imayambitsa kupanga gonadotropins (follicle yotulutsa hormone ndi luteinizing hormone) ndi pituitary. Amapanganso corticotrophin kutulutsa homoni, thyrotropin yotulutsa hormone, ndi kukula kwa hormone yotulutsa hormone.
Thymus - Gland imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu ubwana, thymus imatulutsa mahomoni omwe amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kutuluka. Pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, minofu yake imalowetsedwa ndi mafuta ndipo sichifunikanso kuti chitetezo cha thupi chitetezeke.
Pineal Gland - Iyi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali mkati mwa ubongo komwe kumabweretsa melatonin. Melatonin yapezeka kuti ikuyendetsa nthawi yopuma.
Chithokomiro - Matenda a chithokomiro amapezeka pamphepete mwa mphepo yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa mmero.
Zimapanga thyroxin (T4) ndi tri-iodothyronine (T3), yomwe imadziwika kuti imayambitsa kagayidwe kake. Komanso imabisa calcitonin , yomwe imathandiza kuti muziyenda calcium.
Parathyroid - Zilonda zazing'onozing'ono zinayi zomwe zimapezeka pa chithokomiro zimapanga parathyroid. Amatulutsa hormone ya parathyroid . Kutsekemera kwake kumayendetsa kashiamu ndi phosphorous m'thupi.
Adrenal Glands - Pali mitundu iŵiri ya adrenal, imodzi yomwe imakhala pamwamba pa impso. Mitundu iliyonse imagawidwa m'madera awiri, cortex ndi medulla, zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyana kwambiri.
Mahomoni opangidwa ndi cortex ndi ofunikira moyo ndipo amachititsa glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids ndi zina za mahomoni ogonana, monga androgens ndi ochepa a estrogen .
Adrenal medulla imabisa mahomoni omwe sali ofunikira moyo ndipo amaphatikizapo epinephrine ndi norepinephrine.
Pancreas - Mankhusu ndi chifuwa chachikulu m'mimba chomwe chimayambitsa insulini ndi glucagon. Mahomoni awiriwa ndi ofunikira pa malamulo ndi kukonza shuga ya shuga. Glucagon imachititsa kuti chiwindi chimasule thupi kwambiri, pamene insulini imachititsa kuti maselo a thupi azidya kwambiri shuga.
Mazira a m'mimba mwake - Amapezeka mwa akazi okhaokha, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timapanga estrogen, progesterone ndi inhibin. Estrogen ndi progesterone ndizo mahomoni akuluakulu ogonana omwe amachititsa ambiri makhalidwe achiwerewere achiwerewere. Inhibin ndi mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya mahomoni iwonongeke, yomwe imalamulira kukula kwa dzira.
Mayeso - Matenda awiri omwe amapezeka mwa amuna okhaokha, timadzi timene timatulutsa testosterone, timadzi timene timayambanso kugonana.
Kodi N'chiyani Chimachitika Ndi Matenda a Endocrine?
Nthaŵi iliyonse imodzi mwa mahomoniyi satha bwino, machitidwe ena ambiri, maginito ndi mahomoni angakhudzidwe. Azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda a ovary polycystic , mwachitsanzo, angasonyeze kusinthika kwa mahomoni opatsa mphamvu, mahomoni, etrogens (testosterone) ndi insulini, zomwe zingakhudzire mayendedwe ake a estrogen. Kusintha kwa mahomoni onsewa kungachititse kusintha kwa kulemera kwake, kagayidwe kamene kagayidwe kake ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Zotsatira:
SEER Training Modules, The Endocrine System. US National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Idapezeka pa Nov 28, 2009. http://training.seer.cancer.gov
Njira ya Endocrine: Matenda, Mitundu ya mahomoni ndi zambiri. Maziko a Hormone. Inapezeka pa Nov 28, 2009. http://www.hormone.org/endo101.