Penicillin ndi maantibayotiki otero ndi ena mwa akale kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi antibiotic omwe alipo. Amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, otchipa, ndipo amalekerera. Mwatsoka, penicillin mankhwalawa ndi ofala, ndipo anthu 10 pa 100 alionse amafotokoza kuti akudwala mankhwalawa. Komabe, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pamene anthu omwe amawauza kuti ali ndi vuto la penicillin amayesedwa chifukwa cha zovuta, pafupifupi 90% sizitsitsimutsa, ndipo amatha kumwa mankhwala bwino.
Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zovuta.
Kuyesedwa kwa penicillin zowonongeka kulipo, ndi njira yosavuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsogolera munthu amene amaganiza kuti sagwirizana ndi penicillin kuti adziwe kuti sizitsutsana ndi antibiotic, kapena sakhalanso ndi vuto. Ambiri opanga mankhwala amatha kupanga penicillin kuyesa kuyesa.
Kupewa Penicillin Kungayambitse Mavuto Ena
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la penicillin amapewa kutenga penicillin ndi mankhwala ena otero, monga pali mankhwala ena osiyanasiyana omwe amachititsa kuti kachilombo kawoneke. Koma kodi iyi ndi njira yoyenera kutenga? Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana amasonyeza kuti munthu akamatchedwa penicillin, amatha kusokonezeka chifukwa chopatsidwa mankhwala enaake.
Choyamba, mtengo wotenga mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito penicillin ukukwera modabwitsa. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mtengo wamagetsi a antibiotic munthu amene ali ndi vuto la penicillin ndi 63% kuposa omwe alibe penicillin zovuta.
Chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsira ntchito penicillin, makamaka kuchipatala, kumapangitsa munthu kukhala pachiopsezo cha chitukuko cha matendawa ndi mabakiteriya osagwira ntchito monga antigenic resistant enterococcus (VRE) . Pomalizira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito penicillin kungapangitse munthu kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Clostridium , omwe amachititsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito penicillin kuyezetsa kuyendera kwa anthu omwe amafotokoza mbiri ya penicillin zowonongeka kwasonyezedwa m'mabungwe ambiri pofuna kudula kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri, okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa theka. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pogwiritsa ntchito penicillin kuyesa kuyesa, mtengo wa mankhwala opha tizilombo kuchiza matenda umatsika ndi 30%.
Penicillin Ndi Yabwino Kumayambitsa Zotsatira Zowopsa
Penicillin amatha kuchititsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino chifukwa chotha kumangirira mapuloteni m'magazi ndi maselo m'thupi kuti athandize chitetezo cha mthupi. Njira imeneyi, yotchedwa haptenization, imatsogolera ku chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chikhale bwino pozindikira penicillin ngati nthendayi. Kuwongolera , kapena kukula kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, penicillin ndiye kumachitika, zomwe zingachititse kuti munthu asamveke pamene penicillin akuwonekera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Penicillin
Kuyezetsa magazi kwa penicillin kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera khungu, kuphatikizapo kuyesedwa khungu kansalu ndi kuyesedwa kwa khungu , penicillin ndi penicillin metabolites. Madokotala ambiri opatsirana amachititsa kuyezetsa khungu ndi penicillin G (njira yojambulidwa ya penicillin yomwe imakhala mu madzi), Pre-Pen (benzylpenicilloyl polylysine) - chachikulu metabolite ya penicillin thupi litathyola mankhwala, ndi mankhwala osakaniza (MDM) ) okhala ndi "metabolites" ang'onoang'ono.
MDM sichipezeka pa malonda panthawi ino, ngakhale ena okhulupirira - monga omwe amagwira ntchito ku yunivesite - adzapanga "machitidwe". Kuyeza penicillin komwe kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito MDM kumaphatikizapo kulondola kwa kuyesedwa.
Kuyezetsa magazi kumapezekanso kwa penicillin kuyesera, koma sikulondola, ndipo kawirikawiri sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa penicillin kuyesa kuyesa khungu.
Mmene Penicillin Mliri Amayendera
Kawirikawiri, kuyezetsa khungu kumayambira koyamba, komwe kumatha kuzindikira penicillin wovuta kwambiri.
Ngati kuyesedwa khungu kumakhala koyipa, ndiye kuti munthuyo amawoneka kuti alibe mphamvu kwa penicillin, ndipo palibe kuyezetsa kwina kochitidwa. Ngati kuyesa koyeso ndi kosavuta, kuyesedwa khungu kumatenda ndi zinthu zomwezo. Kuyesedwa kwa khungu kumatenda amadziwika kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi vuto la penicillin koma akhoza kukhala owopsa kwa anthu ovuta kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuyezetsa khungu kumayambira poyamba.
Ngati kuyesa kwa khungu kwa penicillin ndi ma metabolites ofanana ndi olakwika pogwiritsira ntchito njira zamakono komanso zopanda mphamvu, ndiye kuti munthu amene ali ndi vuto la penicillin ndi osachepera 5%. Ambiri amachimwene amamva bwino kumasulira penicillin ndi antibiotic zokhudzana ndi penicillin kwa munthuyo, ngakhale kuti madokotala ena (kuphatikizapo ndekha) akupatsanso kupereka mlingo woyambirira wa penicillin poyang'anira chithandizo, ndi kuyang'anira ola limodzi kapena awiri. Ndimapita mofulumira ndikuyambitsa mankhwala a penicillin (makamaka amoxicillin) poyang'anira chithandizo chamankhwala kuti atsimikizire kuti munthuyo akhoza kulekerera maantibayotiki.
Ngati mayesero aliwonse omwe tatchulawa ali othandizira, ndiye kuti munthu ayenera kudziganizira kuti ali ndi vuto la penicillin. Zikatero, penicillin ndi mankhwala ena oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kupewa, pokhapokha pali phindu lapadera la penicillin - ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena opha majeremusi sikukwanira. Kusokoneza penicillin kungatheke, nthawi zina ku ofesi ya zamankhwala, koma nthawi zambiri kuchipatala, kuti munthu athe kulekerera penicillin. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, kusiya chilakolako kokha kumatenga masiku angapo, kotero kuti kutaya mtima sikubweretsa mankhwala ochizira, koma kupirira kanthaŵi kochepa chabe kwa mankhwala.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza mankhwala omwe ayenera kupewa ndi penicillin .
> Zotsatira:
> Pre-Pen Package Insert. ALK-Abello. Website Ifikira pa January 31, 2016.
> Fox S, Park M. Penicillin Kuyezetsa Khungu Poyesa ndi Kuyang'anira Mankhwala a Penicillin. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 2011; 106: 1-7.
> Jus Nugent, Quinn JM, McGrath CM, et al. Kutsimikiza kwa Chikoka cha Kutsekemera Pambuyo pa Penicillin Kuyeza Khungu. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 2003; 90: 398-403.