Chidutswa chachikulu ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomwe zimatulutsidwa kuti afotokoze vuto la mabakiteriya omwe sagwirizana ndi ma antibayotiki omwe amalembedwa. Matendawa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya angayambitse nkhaŵa pamene nthawi zina tilibe mankhwala ochizira matenda amene tayamba nawo. Timalankhula za kufika pa nthawi ya antibiotic. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mopitirira muyeso komanso kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatanthauza kuti talola kuti tizirombo tambiri tipeze mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo mankhwalawa sagwiranso ntchito.
Pitirizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe kuti ndi mitundu iti ya mabakiteriya opatsirana omwe apanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo tsopano akuonedwa kuti ndi Superbugs.
Pali njira zambiri zomwe tingathe kuchepetsa mwayi wa mankhwalawa kufalikira. Katemera angathandize kuchepetsa mankhwalawa. Ngakhale njira yakale yothetsera matenda - pogwiritsira ntchito Phages - yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriophages kapena mavairasi omwe amachititsa ndi kulamulira mabakiteriya.
Kodi Zina Zowonjezera Zotani?
Staphylococcus aureus (MSAC) yosagonjetsedwa ndi Methicillin (MRSA)
Staphylococcus aureus (kapena mwachindunji wotchedwa "Staph") amadziwonetsera mwa njira zambiri, koma mwina amadziwika bwino kwambiri monga "mabakiteriya odya nyama". Pafupifupi 25 peresenti mpaka 30 peresenti ya anthu ambiri amamangidwa ndi Staph m'mphuno mwawo kapena pamwamba pa khungu lawo, koma ngati atapeza njira yoposa chikopa cha khungu, zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana, kuyambira matenda a khungu, kuphatikizapo ziphuphu kapena zithupsa, ku matenda akuluakulu omwe angabweretse ku zotsatira zakupha, monga chibayo kapena sepsis.
Kwa zaka zambiri, penicillin ndi methicillin ankaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala abwino a matenda a Staph. Matenda a Staph omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi methicillin amapezeka koyamba muzipatala ndi malo ena osungiramo thanzi. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, MRSA yokhudzana ndi midzi yafala kwambiri. Nkhani yatsopano ya JAMA inanena kuti m'chaka cha 2005, MRSA inachiza pafupifupi 9,000 Achimereka, omwe amodzi mwa asanu aliwonse omwe anali ndi matendawa anali opha.
Chifuwa chachikulu cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo (MDR - ndi XDR-TB )
Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "kugwiritsidwa ntchito", ndi matenda owononga kwambiri omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupweteka m'mapapo, kumene amachititsa matenda (chifuwa chachikulu), koma amatha kufalikira kwa ziwalo zina m'thupi, Matenda a Pott, ndi zina zotero). Asanafike popeza mankhwala opha tizilombo, chifuwa chachikulu sichinali chotheka. Komabe, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe adayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1940, chifuwa chachikulu cha mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (MDR-TB) chinayambira ndipo chimayambitsa imfa, makamaka omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. MDR-TB imayambitsa matenda a Mycobacterium TB yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi antibiotics ndi isoniazid ndi rifampicin. Chigawo cha MDR-TB, chifuwa chachikulu cha TB (XDR-TB), chimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto omwe sagwirizana ndi isoniazid ndi rifampicin, komanso mankhwala achiwiri (kapena kutsata). Zilizonse za MDR- ndi XDR-TB sizikupezeka ku US, koma anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilomboka.
Enterococcus zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Enterococcus faecalis ndi Enterococcus faecium zimapezeka m'magazi ndi kachilombo ka akazi ndipo zingayambitse matenda a umuna, matenda a magazi, ndi matenda a meningitis.
Enterococci ingayambitse matenda opatsirana mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, monga ana ndi okalamba. Mitundu ingapo ya insococci yosagwiritsidwa ntchito osokoneza bongo yakhalapo zaka makumi atatu zapitazi, kuphatikizapo zomwe sizilimbana ndi penicillin, vancomycin, ndi linezolid.
Streptococcus pneumoniae osakanizidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Streptococcus pneumoniae ndi omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a khutu amveke pakati pa ana, matenda a meningitis, matenda a chitetezo, ndi chibayo. Matenda omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi penicillin ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kuti penicillin akhale ndi antibiotic apitirira zaka makumi atatu zapitazo ndipo ali ndi udindo waukulu pa imfa ndi matenda ku US
Zina
Mitundu ya antibiotic imapezeka m'magulu osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya pamitengo yoopsa. Palinso CRE , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae . - zomwe zafalikira makamaka kuchipatala. Matenda ena a bakiteriya omwe ali ndi maantibayotiki otsutsana nawo, koma ndi ochepa okha, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ("mankhwala osokoneza bongo" omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asatengedwe), Streptococcus pyogenes (mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya odya nyama ndi chifukwa cha strep throat, impetigo, ndi scarlet malungo) ndi Proteus vulgaris (chifukwa cha matenda ochulukirapo m'makina). Matenda opewera angathe kufalikira ndi kuyenda kapena pogonana - monga Shigella yemwe sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala.
Zotsatira:
Zogwirizana ndi MRSA Zokhudza Anthu Onse. CDC. 11 August 2008
Klevens, R. Monina, et al. "Matenda opatsirana a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ku United States". JAMA 2007 298: 1763-1771. 30 July 2008.
Zolemba Zenizeni. Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB). Kusiyana kwa Kuchepetsa Chifuwa cha TB. CDC. 11 August 2008
Zolemba Zenizeni. TB Yambiri Yotsutsa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo (XDR TB). Kusiyana kwa Kuchepetsa Chifuwa cha TB. CDC. 11 August 2008
Hyucke, Mark M, Daniel F. Sahm, ndi Michael S. Gilmore "Multioc-Drug Resistant Enterococci: Chikhalidwe cha Vutoli ndi Zomwe Zidzakhalapo M'tsogolomu". Matenda Opatsirana Otuluka Apr-Jun 1998 4: 239-249. 30 July 2008.