Palibe chiwalo china m'thupi chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji chiwalo chirichonse monga mtima. Ndi ntchito ya mtima kupopera magazi, ndi oxygen yopatsa moyo ndi zakudya, ku ziwalo zonse za thupi. Ngati mpweya uwu ukutha, ziwalo zofunika monga ubongo ndi impso zimavutikira. Ndipo ngati mtima uleka kugwira ntchito palimodzi imfa imapezeka mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Moyo weniweni umadalira kwambiri ntchito yabwino ya mtima.
Ichi ndi chimene chimapangitsa matenda a mtima kukhala ovuta kwambiri.
Matenda a mtima amabwera m'mitundu yambiri. Matenda ena a mtima amakhudza minofu ya mtima, ena amakhudza mtima wamagetsi, zina zimakhudza magetsi a mtima, ndipo zina zimakhudza mitsempha yamakono. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a mtima ingakhudze mtima m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Koma vuto lalikulu la mitundu yonse ya matenda a mtima ndiloti, mwa njira imodzi kapena ina, akhoza kusokoneza chofunika chokoka pamtima.
Pano pali kufufuza kwa matenda a mtima mu mitundu yambiri. Potsatira zotsatirazi za tsamba lino, mukhoza kupita mozama ngati mukufuna kuphunzira za mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a mtima. Kafukufukuyu wapangidwa magawo atatu:
- Gawo 1 - Mmene Mtima Umagwirira Ntchito - Chidule chokhudza thupi ndi ntchito ya mtima.
- Gawo 2 - Matenda a Mtima mu Kuzama - Chiyambi cha mitundu yayikulu ya matenda a mtima, omwe ali ndi mauthenga ochulukirapo pakufikira mozama.
- Gawo 3 - Mmene Mungapewere Matenda a Mtima - Zimene mungachite kuti muteteze matenda a mtima.
GAWO 1 - Mtima Wachibadwa
Mtima ndimphamvu komanso yopopera. Amakhala ndi zipinda zam'mimba zomwe zimakhudza magazi kupyolera mu mitsempha yambiri komanso mitsempha yambiri yomwe imachititsa magazi kusuntha bwino, komanso m'njira yoyenera.
Werengani za zipinda za mtima ndi valve .
N'chifukwa chiyani mtima ukupitirizabe kumenya? Ndipo "amadziwa" bwanji, komanso mofulumira, kuti amenyane? Yankho lake ndi lakuti: Mtima uli ndi magetsi omwe amachititsa kuti mtima ugwire, ndipo umagwirizanitsa kupopera kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a mtima. Werengani za magetsi a magetsi .
Pofuna kugwira ntchito yonseyi pamtunda, mtima umasowa magazi ndi olemera okosijeni. Mitsempha yamakono ndi zotengera zomwe zimapereka magazi awa ku minofu ya mtima. Iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mtima ndi moyo. Werengani za mitsempha yamakono .
GAWO 2 - Matenda a mtima mu kuya
Ntchito yachibadwa ya mtima ndi mitsempha yambiri imatha kusokonezeka ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Pa kafukufukuyu, tidzagawaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a mtima m'magulu angapo akuluakulu: matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima wa valve, arrhythmias a mtima, ndi matenda a mitsempha.
Matenda a Coronary Artery and Attack Heart
Matenda a mitsempha ya Coronary (CAD) ndi yofala kwambiri m'mayiko a Kumadzulo ndipo imayambitsa imfa ndi kulemala. M'madera a CAD, mapepala a atherosclerotic ali m'kati mwa mitsempha ya coronary.
Pano pali kufotokozera mwachidule za matenda a mitsempha yamakono .
Mitsuko ya Coronary imayambitsa mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mavuto. Choyamba, ngati miyalayi ikuluikulu, ingayambe kulepheretsa magazi kudutsa m'mitsempha. Nthaŵi imene minofu ya mtima ikuperekedwa ndi mitsempha yowonongeka imafuna kuthamanga kwa magazi ambiri (monga nthawi ya kupanikizika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi), minofu ikhoza kukhala ischemic, kapena oxygen-njala. Ischemia imachititsa mtima wa minofu kusagwira bwino ntchito, ndipo ukhoza kubweretsa vuto losokoneza chifuwa chodziwika bwino ngati angina . Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa catheterizations ya mtima kwa anthu amene akuganiza kuti ndi CAD, makamaka kuti ayang'ane zipika izi.
Ngati zipezeka, mabalawo amachiritsidwa ndi angioplasty ndi stenting . Komabe, umboni wamakono ukusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri okhala ndi "zilembo zazikulu" akhoza kuchita chimodzimodzi ngati atalandira mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Nazi zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchiza matenda a mitsempha .
Chachiwiri, miyala yamakono ya mitsempha imatha kutuluka mwadzidzidzi. Phukusi lopunduka nthawi zambiri limapangitsa kuti magazi asamawonongeke , kutulutsa chovala chimene chingabwere mwadzidzidzi m'mitsempha. Kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi kwa mitsempha yamakono yomwe imayambitsa mapulaneti ophulika amadziwika ngati aconic coronary syndrome (ACS) . ACS nthawi zonse imakhala yachipatala.
Ngati kulephereka kwa mapulogalamuwa kumangokhala mopanda phindu kapena kanthawi kochepa, kungathe kupanga angina osakhazikika . Ngati kulepheretsa kuli kochepa koma koopsa kwambiri, kungachititse mtundu wa matenda a mtima omwe amadziwika kuti si a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI ). (Kugonjetsedwa kwa mtima kumapezeka ngati pafupifupi minofu ya mtima yomwe imaperekedwa ndi mitsempha yowonongeka imamwalira.) Ngati choletsedwacho chidzatha, chikhoza kutulutsa mtundu woopsa wa matenda a mtima wotchedwa ST-gawo elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . Nazi zotsatira zowonjezereka za matenda a mtima .
Mitundu yonse ya ACS imafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga kuti athetse vutoli mu mitsempha yamakono, ndikuthandizani kuthetsa nkhawa pa minofu ya mtima yomwe ili pangozi. Chimodzimodzinso chithandizochi, chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali-zonse ndi mankhwala komanso kukondweretsa moyo-ndikofunika kuti muchepetse kukhala ndi zigawo zambiri za ACS. Werengani za matenda oopsa a mtima . Werengani za mankhwala a nthawi yaitali pambuyo pa ACS .
Chifukwa chakuti ACS ikhoza kuwononga mtima kwamuyaya kapena kufa, ndipo chifukwa chithandizo chamankhwala chingathetsere zotsatirazi, ndikofunika kuzindikira zizindikiro, ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la mtima. Werengani za zizindikiro za ACS ndi matenda a mtima , ndi choti muchite ngati mukuganiza kuti mukudwala matenda a mtima .
Kulephera kwa Mtima
Kulephera kwa mtima ndi zotsatira zofala kwambiri za matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima. Kulephera kwa mtima, kuwonongeka kwa mtima kwa mawonekedwe amodzi kumapangitsa kuti mtima usagwire ntchito zonse zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za thupi. Zizindikiro zambiri zingabweretse; matenda ena ali ofala, monga imfa yoyamba. Komabe, kupweteka kwa mtima kudapitirira kwambiri mzaka zaposachedwa, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima tsopano ali ndi moyo wabwino kwa zaka zambiri.
Zizindikiro zodziwika kwambiri za mtima kusokonezeka ndi dyspnea , zosavuta, komanso zizindikiro za mtima wamagayimu (kuyambira pamapapo mpaka kufa kwadzidzidzi), koma zizindikiro zina zingatheke. Werengani za zizindikiro za mtima kulephera . Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, dyspnea ndi chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri. Anthuwa nthawi zambiri amati amakhala ndi mtima wokhutira mtima .
Pali "mitundu" yambiri ya mtima wosalimba. Zambiri mwazimenezi ndizowona mtima, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ndi kulephera kwa mtima wa diastolic.
Mchitidwe wochuluka wa mtima umapwetekedwa mtima , womwe umadziwika ndi kukwezedwa kwakukulu kwa ventricle ya kumanzere. Chifukwa chomwe chimagwirizanitsa mtima ndi chofala ndi chakuti ndikumapeto komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mtima. Werengani zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo . Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa mtima chafala kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo ndi mankhwala opweteka anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli lero akukhala ndi moyo, ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa, kuposa kale. Werengani za chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa mtima .
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda a mtima omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka kwambiri. Ikhoza kupanga mitundu yambiri ya mavuto a mtima, kuphatikizapo mtima wosalimba. Kuopsa kwa hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu ndipo kumagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maumuna (yomwe ilipo ambiri) yomwe imayambitsa. Mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ayenera kutsatiridwa nthawi zonse ndi katswiri wa zamoyo. Funso lodziwika bwino lomwe limabwera kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vutoli ndiloti ayenera kuloledwa kuchita nawo masewera, chifukwa imfa yadzidzidzi panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi mwayi waukulu mwa ena. Werengani za kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi ndi matenda oopsa .
Mu kulephera kwa mtima wa diastolic , pamene mphamvu ya minofu ya mtima imatulutsa magazi imakhala yachilendo, minofu ya mtima imakhala "yowuma" (matenda otchedwa diastolic operewera). Kuuma uku kumapangitsa kupsinjika kwa mtima, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a mpweya ndi dyspnea, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Diastolic mtima kulephera amachiritsidwa . Gawo la mankhwalawa ndikuteteza kwambiri matenda a shuga ndi shuga, ngati matendawa alipo.
Matenda a Magetsi a Mtima
Magulu anai a mtima (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, ndi aortic) amathandiza kwambiri pamtima. Amatsimikizira kuti mtima ukagunda, magazi amayenda momasuka kudzera m'zipinda za mtima ndipo amayenda m'njira yoyenera.
Kawirikawiri, matenda a valve a mtima amachititsa mitundu iwiri ya mavuto. Mwina valve imalepheretsedwa pang'ono, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (matenda otchedwa stenosis ); kapena valavu imakhala yowonongeka, yomwe imalola kuti magazi aziyenda molakwika pamene mtima wa minofu umagwirizana (chikhalidwe chotchedwa regurgitation ). Mulimonsemo, ngati matenda a valvular akukhala okhuta mtima kwambiri, angathe kuthana ndi zotsatira zake, dyspnea, weakness, ndi edema. Kuonjezera apo, matenda a valvular nthawi zambiri amachititsa mtima wamagayimu, makamaka mafinya odwala.
Matenda a mtima wa valve ali ndi zifukwa zambiri. Ngakhale zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena matenda a mtima , matenda a mtima wa valvular amayamba chifukwa chotsitsimula mtima (kapena kusinthika kwa mtima ), mavitamini omwe amatha kukhala ndi ukalamba komanso matenda a mtima.
Mmodzi mwa magetsi anayi amatha kukhala ndi stenosis kapena kubwezeretsedwa. Stenosis yapamwamba ndi yofala kwambiri ya matenda a valve mtima. Pakati pa akuluakulu, mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mtima valve ndi aortic stenosis , aortic regurgitation , mitral stenosis ndi mitral . Vuto lalikulu la matenda a mtima wa valve mumtundu wa anthu akuluakulu ndi mitral valve prolapse (MVP) , koma ambiri a anthu amene amapezeka ndi MVP ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri omwe sangayambitse vuto lalikulu la mtima.
Pano pali ndondomeko ya matenda a valve yamtima, zifukwa zake, ndi chithandizo .
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Arthmthmias ya mtima ndizovuta kwa magetsi a mtima. Njira yamagetsi yamtima imayika kuyima kwa mtima (momwe mtima umagunda), ndikugwirizanitsa kupangika kwapangidwe kwa mitsempha ya mtima mkati mwa atria ndi ventricles.
Kusokonezeka kwa magetsi pamtima nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa mavuto a mtima omwe ndi ochedwa kwambiri (bradycardias), kapena miyendo ya mtima yomwe imathamanga kwambiri ( tachycardias ). Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi magayimu a mtima alibe zizindikilo, mtundu uliwonse wa arrhythmia ukhoza kubwereka , kufooka, kapena kumutu . Magulu ena a mtima amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa monga Syncope , ndipo ena akhoza kubweretsa mwadzidzidzi imfa. Aliyense yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza mtima wa arrhythmia ayenera kukhala ndi kafukufuku kuti adziwe ngati arrhythmia alipo, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndiyomwe mumayendera. Werengani za matenda a mtima wamagulu .
The bradycardias: Pali mitundu iwiri ya arrhythmias yomwe imapanga bradycardia. Choyamba ndi matenda a nthenda ya sinus (chikhalidwe mumtima chomwe chimayambitsa mtima wa magetsi wamba). Izi zimatchedwa sinus bradycardia . Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a sinus nthawi zambiri amatchedwa matenda a sinus syndrome . Mtundu wachiwiri wa bradycardia ndi mtima wokhazikika, womwe nthawi zina umagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtolo wa nthambi . Ngati bradycardia ikupitirizabe ndipo ikuonetsa zizindikiro kapena kuopseza kuchita choipa kwambiri, njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira ndiyo kuika pacemaker .
Tachycardias : Tachycardias imachokera m'zipinda zapakati za mtima ( zopanga tachycardias, kapena SVT ) kapena mu ventricles ( ventricular tachycardia kapena ventricular fibrillation ).
SVTs ndi banja lalikulu la arrhythmias ndi njira zosiyanasiyana komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimabweretsa zizindikiro zambiri, koma kaŵirikaŵiri siziwopseza moyo. SVT yotchuka kwambiri ndi yowonjezera kwambiri ndiyo mafinyrative , omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa amachititsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo. Mitundu ina yambiri ya SVT ndi AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia , Wolff-Parkinson-White matenda , ndi sinus tachycardia zosayenera .
Tivcarcardia ya ventricular, makamaka makamaka ya ventricular fibrillation, ndizo zimayambitsa kwambiri kumangidwa kwa mtima ndi kufa mwadzidzidzi. Kawirikawiri njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira ma arrhythmias ndiyo kuzindikira anthu omwe ali pangozi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha imfa yamodzi mwadzidzidzi ndi mankhwala (ngati n'kotheka), kapena kuika munthu amene ali ndi vutoli .
Kuwomba kumayambiriro: Kuwonjezera pa arrhythmias yomwe imapanga bradycardia kapena tachycardia, anthu ambiri amatha kupwetekedwa mtima nthawi yayitali, yomwe imachokera ku atria ( mapulaneti osamaliridwe apanyumba-PACs ) kapena m'matumbo (mapulogalamu oyambirira a ventricular-PVCs ). Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, koma ndi zosawerengeka kawirikawiri pali zotsatira zina zochepa.
Vuto Lopanda Mavuto
Ngakhale njira zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda zingakhudzire mitsempha ya mitsempha, mawu akuti "mtima wa mtima" amatanthauza matenda opatsirana omwe amakhala okhudzana ndi atherosclerosis, matenda oopsa, kapena matenda a mtima.
Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi sikuti amangotulutsa matenda a mitsempha yokhayokha, komanso matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha yomwe ingakhudze pafupifupi mchitidwe wina uliwonse wa thupi. Kukwapula ndi kusokonezeka kwa ischemic (TIAs) kawirikawiri zimachokera ku atherosclerotic vascular disease. Aortic aneurysm , yomwe imafala makamaka kwa anthu osuta fodya, ikhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu limene lingayambitse ndi kufa mwadzidzidzi. Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndilo vuto lalikulu la kupotoza kwa aortic .
Kuchepetsa matenda oopsa , kupanikizika kwambiri mu mitsempha ya pulmonary, kawirikawiri kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda a mtima, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti matenda a mtima asapitirire. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kupatsirana kwapachiphuphu kumathandiza kuti pakhale chithunzithunzi cha mitsempha , chomwe chikhoza kupweteka kwambiri m'magazi.
GAWO 3 - Kuteteza Matenda a Mtima
Mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mtima imakhala yotetezeka, ngati tingangoganizira zoopsa za mtima wathu, ndipo tithane ndi njira zoyenera kuzichepetsera.
Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe zoopsa zanu. Choyenera, muyenera kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala kuti muyambe kufufuza mwangozi. Koma mungathe kuchita zofuna zowonongeka nokha . Ngati chiopsezo chanu chili chochepa, zikondwerero! Pitirizani kukumbukira zinthu zomwe muyenera kukhala mukuchita (ndikusachita) kuti muzisunga mwanjira imeneyo . Komabe, ngati chiopsezo cha mtima wanu chikukwera kwambiri, muli ndi ntchito yoti muchite. Apa ndi momwe muyenera kuchitira ndi matenda aakulu a mtima .
Nazi mfundo zina zofunika zokhudzana ndi zofunikira zowopsa m'mtima:
Magazi a magazi: Cholesterol ndi triglyceride m'magazi a magazi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto la mtima. Zotsatira zamakono zokhuza magazi zamadzimadzi zimaganizira kufunikira kokonzanso moyo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo .
Kusuta fodya: Kusuta fodya kungakhale koopsa kwambiri kwa imfa yoyamba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imatulutsa matenda osapitirira msinkhu wa mtima komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa. Kusuta ndikoipa kwambiri kwa mtima ndipo kumawonjezera pangozi ya nthawi yayitali komanso yaifupi ya mtima .
Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa magazi , wakupha wakupha, samayambitsa zizindikiro mpaka kuwononga mtima, ubongo, impso kapena gawo lina la thupi lofunika. Ndikofunika kuti aliyense azitha kuyang'aniridwa ndi magazi nthawi ndi nthawi, ndipo ngati matendawa amapezeka, atsimikizire kuti amachiritsidwa bwino .
Kunenepa kwambiri: Kukhala olemera kwambiri kapena olemera kwambiri ndi koipa kwa mtima ndi mtima.
Kudya wathanzi: Ngakhale kuti zaka zaposachedwapa, zakudya zokhudzana ndi mtima wathanzi zimakhala zovuta ( Mazira tsopano ali bwino? Mafuta okhutira sangakhale oipa monga momwe talingalira?), Ambiri, akatswiri amavomereza kuti chakudya chamoyo chopatsa thanzi ziyenera kuwoneka ngati.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kukhala ndi moyo wokhazikika kumakhala koipa kwa dongosolo la mtima; Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuli bwino kwa mtima .
Matenda a shuga: Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amachititsa kuti munthu adwale matenda a mtima , ndipo ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga muyenera kutsimikiza kuti mukuchita zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mukhale osamala.
Kupsinjika Maganizo: Kuvutika maganizo kumathandizadi kukhala ndi thanzi labwino , koma zingadabwe kuti mudziwe kuti ndi zovuta zotani zomwe zimakhudza komanso chifukwa chake zimakhudza. Mukhoza kupanikizika njira yanu yopita kumoyo wathanzi.
Mawu Ochokera
Anthu omwe adziphunzitsa okha ndikugwira nawo ntchito popanga zisankho zachipatala amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino za mankhwala. Izi ndizowona pa matenda alionse; Ndizoona makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mtima, ndipo onse ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zosiyana, ndi mankhwala. Ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wathanzi ngati mutaphunzira zonse zomwe mungathe ponena za vuto lanu la mtima. Ndi chidziwitso chimenecho, mudzatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi dokotala kuti muzitsatira mtundu wa mtima komanso mutenge njira zamankhwala zomwe mungachite bwino.
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