Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse mtima kulephera, zomwe zonsezi zimakhala zofooka zomwe zimafooketsa mtima. Kulephera kwa mtima kungayambitse matenda a mtima monga matenda a mtima, matenda a mitsempha ya m'mimba (kuwonongeka kwa mkati mwa mitsempha ya mtima), ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi), komanso matenda ena ndi matenda, monga shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Zochita za moyo, monga kusuta ndi kusagwira ntchito, zimathandiza kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimapereka zina mwazinthu izi. Matenda a chibadwa, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , ndizovuta chifukwa chofala.
Kupsyinjika kwa minofu ya mtima kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi mwakuya mpaka kumakhala madzi okwanira m'mtima ndi m'mapapu, ndipo pamapeto pake, madzimadzi ochulukira pamapeto. Zizindikiro monga kupuma pang'ono, kutopa, ndi edema (kutukumula m'manja ndi mapazi) ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya mtima yofooka yomwe ili ndi khalidwe la kulephera kwa mtima.
Mitsempha
Pazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa mtima, zofunikira kwambiri ndizochitika pamtima. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamodzi ndipo zimayambitsana. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi matenda a mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Matenda ambiri omwe amachititsa mtima kulephera ndi awa:
Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha amuna ndi akazi. Kukhazikika kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali kumapangitsa kuti matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a mtima (kuwonana kofanana kumachepa mtima, nthawi zina kumapangitsa kuti alephera). Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatithandizanso kukhumudwa mtima chifukwa, pamene mtima umapopera kupanikiza kwa zaka zambiri, minofu ikhoza kuchepa.
CAD (mitsempha ya mitsempha yamakono): Mitsempha ya Coronary ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka mtima ndi magazi ndi mpweya wokhala ndi oksijeni. CAD imalongosola njira yomwe mkati mwa mitsempha yamakono imakhala yopapatiza, yowuma, ndi yosasintha. Mitsempha yonyansa imeneyi ya magazi imakhala yowonongeka ndi cholesterol, zinyalala, ndi magazi. Potsirizira pake, akhoza kutsekedwa ndi magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.
MI (myocardial infarction): Kachilombo ka myocardial ndi matenda a mtima. Izi zimachitika pamene magazi amatha kutseka mitsempha imodzi kapena ingapo yamakono, kusokoneza kuthamanga kwa magazi ku gawo la mtima. Nthawi zina minofu ya mtima imachotsedwa mwazi, sangathe kugwira ntchito mofananamo kachiwiri, kukhala ofooka mu zigawo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a mtima. Izi zimapangitsa mtima kuthamanga kugwira bwino ntchito, kutitsogolera ku mtima kulephera.
Minofu ya mtima yofooka imayamba kutambasula ndipo, motero, zipinda zamkati za mtima, makamaka zowombera , zimakula. Vesiliyumu yowonjezera imakhala ndi magazi ochulukirapo, kotero magazi ambiri akhoza kutayidwa ndi mtima wofooka kwambiri wopopera.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zovuta mkati mwa mtima zimakula, zomwe zimayambitsa madzi kumapapo, kutulutsa mpweya wamapapu.
Magwiridwe a mtima wam'thupi (omwe amawopsya mtima), omwe amawopsyeza moyo, amakhalanso ofala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtima wokhudzidwa kwambiri.
Mphuno ya aortic valenosis : Aortic stenosis ndi yopapatiza ya valve aortic, yomwe imachulukitsa kwambiri kupanikizika ndi nkhawa m'mtima mwamanzere. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti mtima ulephereke pakapita nthawi.
Kulephera kwa mtima wa Diastolic: Kulephera kwa mtima wa diastolic , ntchito ya mtima imafooka chifukwa minofu ya mtima imakhala yolimba koma osati yowopsya, monga mwa mitundu ina ya mtima kulephera. Kuuma kotereku kumalepheretsa mtima kuti ukhale wosangalala monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ukhale wodzaza ndi magazi pakati pa zipsinjo za mtima.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amaponyedwa ndi chifuwa cha mtima kumacheperachepera, zomwe zimapangitsa kutopa ndi kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Magazi omwe sangathe kudzaza mtima "amayimirira" m'mapapu, kutulutsa chisokonezo cha pulmonary . Kusokonezeka kwa diastolic kumayamba kuchitika kwa anthu achikulire, makamaka akazi.
Mavuto a mtima wa ana: Kusokonezeka kwa mtima kwa mwana, monga mtima wamatenda kapena zofooka zamapapo, zolakwika za valve, ndi zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza aortic, zimapangitsa mtima kulephera. Ana ang'onoang'ono akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la mtima mkati mwa zaka zingapo ngati izi sizikuchitiridwa. Kukonza opaleshoni kapena kutsegula mtima nthawi zambiri kumatengedwa ngati njira yothandizira kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa minofu pamtima, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za vuto lalikulu.
Zosintha
Ngakhale n'zoonekeratu kuti matenda ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mtima zimapangitsa kuti mtima ukhale wolephera, palinso zifukwa zina zomwe siziwoneka bwino.
Matenda a shuga: Matenda a shuga salowerera mwachindunji kulephera kwa mtima, koma amathandiza kuti zinthu zichitike, monga CAD ndi MI. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chokwanira.
Chemotherapy: Mankhwala ena amphamvu omwe amachiritsira khansa, makamaka Adriamycin (doxorubicin) , amachititsa kuti thupi liwononge mtima. Mosiyana ndi zina mwazifukwa zina zomwe zatchulidwa pano, zomwe zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti izi zitheke, chemotherapy ikhoza kuchita mwamsanga.
Kubereka: Postpartum cardiomyopathy ndi mtundu wa mtima wosagwirizana ndi kubala kwa mwana. Ngakhale kuti vutoli limatha kuthetsa chiopsezo, limapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yaika mtima pamtima, makamaka poyembekezera mimba.
Kupsinjika kwakukulu: Kupanikizika kwa mtima , komwe kumatchedwanso "mtima wosweka mtima," ndi mtundu wa mwadzidzidzi, wopwetekedwa mtima kwambiri chifukwa chovutika maganizo kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti vutoli likhoza kuwonedwa pakati pa kugonana, ndilofala kwambiri kwa amayi ndipo lingakhale lokhudzana ndi microvascular angina , zomwe zimakhala zofala kwambiri kwa amayi.
Kugonana ndi mpweya : Kugonana kwa mphuno ndikutaya kwafupikitsa panthawi yopuma. Ngakhale kuti kugona tulo sikumapweteka, kupuma kosalekeza kosalekeza kwa nthawi yaitali kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri, monga kuperewera kwa mtima. Njira yeniyeni yokhudzanazi siyiwonekeratu.
Zachibadwa
Kumvetsetsa za chibadwa cha mtima kumalephera kukula. Kukhala ndi umoyo wokhazikika pa chizoloŵezi chanu chokhala ndi mtima wolephera kumakhala kovuta, koma momwemonso ndi choloŵa choloŵa chobadwa chomwe chimadziwika kukhala chibadwa, chotchedwa hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ndipo, monga tanena kale, mikhalidwe ya mtima yaunyamata ya chibadwa ingapangitsenso mtima kulephera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda : Zina pafupifupi 100 zapezeka kuti zikugwirizana ndi kulephera kwa mtima, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti mtima wosagonjetsa, nthawi zambiri, umatengera. Komabe, kugwirizanitsa pakati pa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, matendawa, ndi majeremusi enieni sanakhazikike.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : Chibadwa ichi chimakhala ndi kukula kwa minofu ya mtima. Ikhoza kuyamba kutulutsa zizindikiro kuyambira ali mwana, unyamata, kapena munthu wamkulu. Kuuma mtima kumalepheretsa kudzazidwa kwa mtima ndipo kungayambitse kuzipuma zochepa kwambiri, makamaka pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuwongolera kwa minofu ya mtima kungayambitsenso chitetezo kumapeto kwa ventricle, mofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa ndi aortic stenosis . Anthu ena omwe ali ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chakufa mwadzidzidzi.
Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kupuma pang'ono, kuthamanga kwa mtima, zofooka mwadzidzidzi, komanso imfa yadzidzidzi. Mankhwala opanga opaleshoni monga pacemakers ndi njira zotsegulira njira zamagetsi zimatha kuthetsa mavuto ena ndi kusokonezeka pamtima, kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali.
Moyo
Kawirikawiri, zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi moyo zimapangitsa kuti mtima wake ukhale wovuta, osati chifukwa cha mtima wolephera.
Kunenepa kwambiri: Achikulire ndi achinyamata omwe ali ochepa kwambiri ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi mtima wosalimba. Izi zili pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chakuti mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti upereke thupi ndi magazi okwanira pamene mukulemera kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi CAD, zonse zomwe zimayambitsa mtima kulephera.
Kusuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala : Nthawi zambiri, zimadziwika bwino kuti kusuta ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zoopsa za MI, ndipo izi zimakhala zochepa chifukwa chakuti chizoloŵezi chimapereka kwa CAD. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga methamphetamine, agwiritsanso ntchito kufooka kwa mtima.
Moyo wosakhalitsa : Kusagwira ntchito nthawi yaitali, komwe kawirikawiri kumatchulidwa kuti wakhala kwa nthawi yaitali nthawi zonse, kwasonyezedwa kuti kuwonjezera mwayi wa mtima wosalimba. Kusuntha kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, omwe amamasuliridwa ngati magawo anayi kapena asanu pa sabata, wakhala akugwirizanitsa ndi kuchepa kwa mtima wosalimba.
Matenda a mtima ndi kupuma : Izi zimasonyeza kuti mtima ndi mapapo amatha kugwira bwino ntchito. Mukhoza kukhala ndi thupi lachidziwitso mwa kuchitapo kanthu muzochita zomwe zimapangitsa mtima wanu kuŵerengeka, zomwe zimalimbitsa minofu ya mtima wanu pakapita nthawi, ndikuwathandiza kupopera mphamvu. Mukhoza kusintha thupi lanu lakumapuma pochita nawo zinthu zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti mupume mofulumira, zomwe zimaphunzitsa mapapu anu kuti azitengera mpweya wanu m'thupi lanu bwino.
> Zotsatira:
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> Richards JR, Harms BN, Kelly A, Turnipseed SD. Ntchito ya Methamphetamine ndi kulephera kwa mtima: Kufala, ziopsezo, ndi kuyerekezera. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Jan 3. pii: S0735-6757 (18) 30001-9. lembani: 10.1016 / j.ajem.2018.01.001. [Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza]
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