Kunenepa Kwambiri ndi Moyo Wotheka

by Yasmine Ali, MD, dokotala wodziwika bwino

Kunenepa kwambiri kwagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda ambirimbiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa shuga , matenda a mtima , ndi khansa , kutchula ochepa. Ngakhale kuti kunenepa kwambiri kunakhalabe kolimba m'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi 1970, zakhala zikuwonjezeka kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1980, mpaka anthu awiri mwa magawo atatu a akuluakulu a ku America tsopano ali olemera kwambiri kapena olemera kwambiri. Akatswiri ambiri adanena kuti mliri wa kunenepa kwambiri ukhoza kuchepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo ku United States mu ^21st century.

Kunenepa Kwambiri ndi Moyo Wotheka

Kafukufuku wina wa akuluakulu oposa miliyoni miliyoni ku US anapeza kuti malire a imfa anali okhudzana ndi thupi la mthupi (BMI). Mu phunziro ili, chiwerengero cha imfa kuchokera ku matenda a mtima chinali chokwera kwambiri pakati pa anthu okhala ndi BMIs apamwamba. Ambiri mwa amayi omwe ali ndi BMI ya 22.0 mpaka 23.4 komanso pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi BMI ya 23.5 mpaka 24.9.

Ofufuza ena ayerekezera kuti kunenepa kumachititsa anthu pafupifupi 300,000 kufa pachaka. Kulemera kwambiri kunenepa ndi kunenepa kwambiri muunyamata ndizoopsa kwambiri: Amuna makamaka, kukhala olemera kwambiri mu ubwana wapezeka kuti kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha imfa pa chifukwa chilichonse.

Akatswiri ena apeza kuti, mwa iwo omwe ali olemetsa kwambiri, chiyembekezo cha moyo chingachepetse zaka pafupifupi 5 mpaka 20.

Kunenepa Kwambiri Monga Vuto la Padziko Lonse

Mabungwe ambiri, kuphatikizapo World Health Organization (WHO), apereka chiyeso chochitapo kanthu pa mliri wa kunenepa kwambiri, ponena kuti ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi la padziko lonse.

Bungwe la WHO likuyesa kuti anthu oposa 2.8 miliyoni padziko lonse amafera chaka chilichonse chifukwa cholemera kwambiri kapena owonjezera.

Bungwe la WHO linanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri padziko lonse kunkapitirira kawiri kawiri pakati pa 1980 ndi 2008, ndipo kumene kunenepa kunayamba kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mayiko omwe amapindula kwambiri, tsopano ikugwirizana ndi mayiko omwe ali ochepa komanso apakati.

Kukhwima kwaunyamata kumakhala vuto la thanzi lonse; Malingana ndi WHO, ana oposa 40 miliyoni a sukulu anali olemera kwambiri m'chaka cha 2008, ndipo ana omwe ali olemera kwambiri amakhala ochepa kuposa akuluakulu.

Ndipotu, mwinamwake nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya dziko lapansi, kulemera kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri tsopano ndizochititsa anthu ambiri kufa padziko lonse kuposa imfa chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kukhala ochepa thupi. Padziko lonse, malinga ndi zimene WHO ananena, 44 peresenti ya shuga, 23 peresenti ya matenda a mtima ischemic, ndipo pafupifupi 41 peresenti ya khansa zina zimakhala chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa Kunenepa ndi Kuteteza

Ziŵerengero zoterezi zimapanga chithandizo ndi kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri mwamsanga. Anthu angatenge njira zosavuta kuti athetse kunenepa ndi kumenyana ndi moyo waumphawi , kupeza zochitika zambiri pa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kusamalira kwambiri zakudya. Kuchotsa magwero a shuga wambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu zowonjezera kukhoza kumayendetsa njira yochepetsera kulemera, ndipo kuzindikira kwowonjezereka m'madera, kudziko, ndi kudziko lonse kumayambira kutanthauzira kumalo ndi magawo a ndondomeko.

Ngati muli ndi kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri, dziwani kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchepa thupi, kuyambira ndi kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu yemwe ali ndi chithandizo choyamba chomwe mungachite.

Kumbukirani kuti kutaya 5 peresenti mpaka 10 peresenti ya kulemera kwakukulu kungabweretse ubwino wathanzi, ndipo sikuchedwa kwambiri kuyamba.

_{Zotsatira :}

_{Allison DB, Fontaine KR, Manson JE, et al.} _{Imfa ya pachaka imayambitsidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri ku United States.} _{JAMA 1999; 282: 1530-1538.}

_{Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, et al.} _{Chiwerengero cha thupi ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akuyembekezera gulu la akuluakulu a US.} _{N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1097-1105.}

_{Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al.} _{Zaka zambiri za moyo zinatha chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri.} _{JAMA 2003; 289: 187-193.}

_{Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC, et al.} _{Zingatheke pa nthawi ya moyo ku United States mu ^21st century.} _{N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1128-1145.}

_{Bungwe la World Health Organization.} _{10 zokhuza kunenepa kwambiri.} _{Amapezeka pa intaneti pa http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index3.html pa October 2, 2014.}