Matenda a Crohn ndi matenda osachiritsika, osachiritsika, otetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi omwe angayambitse kutupa paliponse pambali pakamwa mpaka pakamwa. Kulimbana ndi matenda a zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a Crohn ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yaikulu ya matenda opatsirana (IBD) . Matenda a Crohn amakhala ndi zigawo zonse za m'mimba, zomwe zimachititsa zilonda zakuya.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn ndi omwe amasamalidwa ndi gastroenterologist (katswiri wa matenda opatsirana mthupi) ndipo nthawizina amadokotala ochita opaleshoni (dokotala wochita opaleshoni mu kapangidwe kake).
Ngakhale kuti matenda a Crohn ndi omwe amadziwa kuti matendawa ndi osowa moyo ndipo matendawa adzafunika kuyendetsedwa, tsogolo la anthu omwe ali ndi IBD ndi lowala. Pali zosankha zambiri zamankhwala kuposa kale, ndipo mankhwala atsopano akuphunziridwa kuti abweretse kwa odwala. Cholinga chenicheni ndi chithandizo chikupitilizidwanso, ndipo palifukufuku ochuluka omwe akuchitidwa panopa pa IBD kuposa kale lonse.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda a Crohn
- Matenda a Crohn ndi mtundu wina wa IBD ndipo amatha kusintha mbali iliyonse ya kapangidwe ka zakudya kuchokera pakamwa kupita ku anus.
- Palibe chifukwa chodziwika kapena chithandizo cha matenda a Crohn.
- Kusuta fodya kungadwale matenda a Crohn.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Crohn, kuphatikizapo maantibayotiki, ma immunomodulator, steroids, ndi biologics.
- Kuchita opaleshoni kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a Crohn, ndipo opaleshoni ya resection ndi yofala kwambiri.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto mkati ndi kunja kwa chiwalo cha m'mimba (zovuta za m'mimba).
- Azimayi okhala ndi matenda a Crohn akhoza kukhala ndi mimba yabwino komanso makanda .
Mafomu a Matenda a Crohn
Mawu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito polongosola matenda a Crohn, malingana ndi gawo lina la kapangidwe ka zakudya kamene kamakhudzidwa.
Osati matenda onse a Crohn's disease adzagwa bwino mu gulu, koma awa ndi mawonekedwe omwe nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi madokotala:
- Ileocolitis. Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri pa matenda a Crohn omwe amakhudza leamu (kumapeto kwa ntumbo yaing'ono) ndi colon (matumbo akuluakulu).
- Ileitis. Amatchedwanso fistulizing kapena perforating matenda a Crohn, mtundu umenewu umakhudza yekha leamu.
- Matendawo a Crohn. Fomu iyi imakhudza mimba ndi duodenum (gawo loyamba la matumbo aang'ono).
- Jejunoileitis. Matenda a Crohn omwe amadziwika ndi ziwalo za kutupa mu jejunum (pakatikati ya m'mimba).
- Crohn's colitis. Nthawi zina amatchedwa granulomatous colitis , mawonekedwewa amakhudza kokha koloni, ndipo sayenera kusokonezeka ndi ulcerative colitis, yomwe ndi mtundu wosiyana wa IBD. Crohn's colitis ndi mtundu wa matenda a Crohn, ndipo sizikutanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a Crohn ndi matenda a zilonda zam'mimba.
Zizindikiro za matenda a Crohn
Matenda a Crohn amachititsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zina mwazigawo za m'mimba komanso ena mwa iwo kunja kwa thupi. Zizindikiro za matenda a Crohn zingaphatikizepo izi:
- zowawa m'mimba ndi ziphuphu
- magazi
- kutsekula m'mimba
- malungo
- kusowa kwa njala ndi kuwonongeka kwa kulemera
- mucus mu mpando
- zilonda za m'mimba
Zifukwa Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a Crohn
Pali zifukwa zokhudzana ndi chifukwa cha Crohn's disease ndi IBD , koma IBD tsopano imayikidwa ngati matenda a idiopathic (matenda osadziwika chifukwa). Matenda a Crohn amathamanga m'mabanja, ngakhale anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi IBD alibe mbiri ya matendawa.
Nthano imodzi yokhudza chifukwa cha IBD ndi yakuti akhoza kuyambitsa matenda kapena kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito kuti IBD ndi matenda otetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi . Zinthu zachilengedwe zakhala zikuphatikizidwa, koma palibe mgwirizano pakati pa anthu azachipatala kuti zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse kuyambika kwa IBD.
Chinthu china chomwe chingayambitse chikhoza kukhala ndi tizilombo (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) omwe timakhala m'matumbo, otchedwa matumbo kapena matumbo a microbiome . Sizimvetsetseka kuti kusintha kwa microbiome kungakhudze bwanji chitukuko cha matenda a Crohn, koma zimadziwika kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn amakhala ndi mitundu yochepa ya mabakiteriya m'mimba mwawo kusiyana ndi anthu omwe alibe matenda opatsirana. Chowona chenicheni cha IBD chikanakhozabe kukhala kuphatikiza kwa izi kapena ngakhale chinachake chomwe sichinapezekebe.
Mmene Matendawo a Crohn Amadziwira
Dokotala akhoza kuyamba kukayikira matenda a Crohn pogwiritsa ntchito mbiri ya zizindikiro monga ululu, kutsekula m'mimba, kutayika kosayembekezereka, ndi magazi mu mpando. Mayesero awiri omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze matenda a Crohn's disease ndi awa:
- Colonoscopy . Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana mkati mwa colon kuti awone ngati kutupa kulipo.
- Sigmoidoscopy . Kuyang'ana mkati mwa koloni, mofanana ndi colonoscopy, koma kumangopita kumapeto kwa gawo lalikulu la matumbo
Mayesero ena sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira, koma tingachite kuti tiwone zotsatira za matenda a Crohn kapena mavuto ena monga:
- Barium enema . Mayesowa ndi mtundu wa x-ray omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kuti awone bwino zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi otsika.
- Mayeso a magazi. Mayesero a magazi amachitiranso kawirikawiri kuti apereke zothandizira zokhudzana ndi udindo wa IBD, makamaka magulu ofiira a magazi ndi maselo oyera a maselo oyera . Mayeso ena a magazi akhoza kuyesa miyeso ya electrolyte, monga sodium ndi potaziyamu, kuti adziwe ngati atha kutsekula m'mimba.
- CT (computed tomography) . Mtundu wa x-ray umene umapereka chithunzi cha thupi. Komanso amatchedwa computed tomography (CT).
- Kutsekemera kochepa kwambiri . Ngati pali nthendayi ya matenda m'mimba yapamwamba (monga mphuno, khosi, kapena matumbo aang'ono), mayeso angakhale othandiza.
- Pamwamba pamimba mndandanda . Mtundu wina wa x-ray umene umagwiritsira ntchito mosiyana ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsamba lapamwamba lakumimba.
- X-ray . Mayeso ofulumira komanso osavuta omwe sapereka zambiri koma nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mmene Matendawo a Crohn Amachitira
Mankhwala onse ndi opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Crohn. Ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe alipo, ndikofunika kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi gastroenterologist kuti mudziwe zoyenera kuchita.
Mankhwala . Mankhwala osiyanasiyana angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a Crohn. Mankhwala amagwera m'magulu awiri: Mankhwala osungirako mankhwala, omwe amatengedwa mosalekeza kuti asamangidwe, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amatengedwa kuti athetse.
Mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda a Crohn ndi awa: Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) ; Asacol ndi Pentasa (mesamine); Imuran (Azathioprin) ; Purinethol (6-MP, mercaptopurine) ; cyclosporine ; Matenda achimake (methotrexate) ; Remicade (infliximab) ; Huma (adalimumab) ; Entyvio (Vedolizumab) ; Cimzia (certolizumab pegol) ; ndi corticosteroids, monga prednisone ndi Entocort EC (budesonide).
Opaleshoni . Opaleshoni imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda a Crohn. Pafupifupi anthu 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn adzachitidwa opaleshoni zaka khumi zoyambirira atatha kupeza matenda. Mwa iwo, hafu adzakhala ndi opaleshoni yowonjezera zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zotsatira. Kuyanjanitsa , kumene gawo la matenda la m'mimba limachotsedwa, ndilo mtundu wochuluka wa opaleshoni. Opaleshoni si mankhwala a Crohn's disease.
Ngozi ya Khansa Yamagimba
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn, pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimakhudza chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa yofiira . Mavuto awa ndi awa:
- adakali wamng'ono
- Zaka 8 mpaka 10 za matenda okhwima ndi kutupa
- kukhala ndi zilembo (kuchepa kwa matumbo)
- mbiri ya matenda a chiwindi, primary sclerosing cholangitis
Madokotala angalimbikitse kuti colonoscopy yowunikila poyesera ya zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu pakatha zaka 8 mpaka 10 za matenda a Crohn, ndipo iliyonse ikafika zaka ziwiri pambuyo pa zaka 20 za Crohn's disease. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi Crohn's disease angafune colonoscopy nthawi zonse kuti ayang'ane matenda awo, komanso kuyezetsa khansa kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Zochitika Zogwirizana
Zowonjezera-m'mimba . Pakhoza kukhala zovuta zogwirizana ndi matenda a Crohn, ndipo zomwe zimachitika kunja kwa coloni zimatchedwa mavuto owonjezera m'mimba. Zovuta za m'mimba zimaphatikizapo nyamakazi , kuchepetsa kukula kwa ana , matenda a maso, zilonda zam'mimba , zilonda za pakhungu, zilonda za m'kamwa , ndi zizindikiro zowonjezereka panthawi ya kusamba . Zambiri mwa mavutowa zidzatsatira njira ya Crohn, ndipo zikhoza kuipiraipira chisanafike ndi nthawi yomwe zidzasokonekera pamene matenda a Crohn adzakhululukidwa.
M'mimba . Zina mwa zovuta za m'mimba (m'mimba) za matenda a Crohn zimaphatikizapo ziphuphu , kutsekemera kwa m'mimba , chifuwa chachikulu , khansa yofiira , fistu , fistula , ndi megacolon ya poizoni .
Kusuta ndi Matenda a Crohn
Anthu omwe amasuta fodya , kapena omwe asuta kale, amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a Crohn. Kubwezeretsa (kusokoneza), kubwereza opaleshoni, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chogonjetsa chimakhala chofala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn omwe amasuta fodya. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kusiya kusuta.
Mimba
Mimba yokhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi mwana onse ali otheka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn. Momwe matenda a Crohn angayankhire pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba amagawidwa kukhala magawo atatu: akazi ena amachitapo bwino, ena amakhalabe ofanana, ndipo zina zimawonjezereka. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhululukidwa musanayambe kutenga mimba, kapena kufika apo panthawi yoyembekezera, kuonetsetsa kuti mayi ndi mwana akupitiriza kuchita bwino. Mwamwayi, pamene matenda a Crohn akuwombera panthawi yomwe mwanayo ali ndi pakati kapena pamene ali ndi mimba, chiopsezo chotenga padera komanso kubereka msanga ndipamwamba.
Kuthamangitsani
Ndi chithandizo choyenera cha mankhwala, zizindikiro za anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn ndi zabwino. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Crohn amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wopindulitsa. Mankhwala atsopano ndi kufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa IBD zikupitiriza kuonjezera moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi IBD.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuzindikira kwa matenda a Crohn kumabwera ndi mpweya wophunzira kwambiri. Gastroenterologist ndi antchito awo adzakhala ovuta poonetsetsa kuti moyo wabwino umasungidwa. Ambiri a IBD ali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi gastroenterologists. N'kofunikanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IBD akhazikitse chithandizo chothandizira pakati pa abwenzi awo ndi abwenzi omwe angakhale othandizira. Kukhala bwino ndi matenda a Crohn sikuti sungatheke mwa kusunga maudindo apadera a dokotala, kutsatira ndondomeko ya chithandizo, ndikuphunzira momwe zingathere pa matendawa.
> Zotsatira:
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> Crohn's ndi Colitis Foundation ya America. Matenda a Crohn a Mankhwala. CCFA.org 2016.
> Crohn's ndi Colitis Foundation ya America. Crohn's Treatment Options. CCFA.org 2016.
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