Kuchiza Matenda a Hepatitis a Viral
Chiwindi cha chiwindi chimatchedwa chifuwa cha chiwindi choyambitsa matenda a tizilombo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi mavairasi asanu osagwirizanitsa omwe amayang'ana makamaka maselo a chiwindi, otchedwa hepatocytes. Mavairasi a hepatotropic awa samasiyana ndi momwe amathandizidwira kuchokera kwa munthu, koma mmalo momwe angapewere kapena kuchiritsidwa.
Nthawi zina, matenda a chiwindi amatha kukhala osakhalitsa okhaokha ndi zizindikiro zochepa, ngati ziripo, zizindikiro kapena zotsatira.
Nthaŵi zina, imatha kupita patsogolo mwakachetechete pazaka kapena zaka makumi asanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda a chiwindi ( cirrhosis ) kapena khansa ya chiwindi ( hepatocellular carcinoma ).
> Onetsetsani minofu yowopsya m'chiwindi.
Koma, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mankhwala opatsirana ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis ndi osiyanasiyana pa ma virus. Kuchokera ku matenda a hepatitis A mpaka hepatitis E, malangizowo amachiritso amachititsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kwa matenda, omwe lero akupha anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni chaka chilichonse.
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Mavyret Amatha Kuchiza Chiwindi cha Chiwindi m'kati mwa milungu 8
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Kodi Muyenera Kupatsidwa Matenda a Hepatitis C A ku India?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis A (HAV) ndipo kawirikawiri imafalikira kudzera mu chakudya kapena madzi omwe awonongeke ndi zofunda zamtundu wa HAV. Amapereka kachilombo koopsa (kudziletsa), ndi zizindikiro zikuwoneka kulikonse kuyambira masabata awiri mpaka asanu mutangoyamba kumene. Nthaŵi zambiri, izo zikhoza kukhala zowonongeka kwathunthu, ndi zochepa, ngati ziripo, zizindikiro kuti matendawa achitika.
Pamene zizindikiro zovuta zimapezeka, zimatha kuwonetsa ndi chifuwa (khungu la maso ndi khungu), choluria (mdima wa mkodzo), zida zadothi, komanso zovuta kwambiri.
Palibe mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a hepatitis A kupatulapo kuchepetsanso kukhumudwa kwa munthu ndikuonetsetsa kuti akuyenera kusamalira thupi komanso zakudya zothandizira pakusamba kapena kutsekula m'mimba. Zizindikiro zimatha kuthetsa mavuto mkati mwa miyezi iwiri, ngakhale zitatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Katemerayu amatha kupeŵa matenda a HAV, operekedwa ndi jekeseni pa maphunziro atatu.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B imayambitsa matenda a hepatitis B (HBV) ndipo imafalitsidwa kudzera mwazi wodwala kapena madzi. Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugonana ndi njira zofala za matenda monga kupatsirana kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi mimba.
Mofanana ndi matenda a hepatitis A, hepatitis B ikhoza kupereka ndi zizindikiro zovuta, makamaka masiku osachepera 30 mpaka 80. Pamene zizindikirozi zithetsa, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kupitirizabe kukhala chete kwa zaka zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale panthawiyi, kutupa kosalekeza kungawononge chiwindi. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B adzawulula kachilombo kamodzi kokha atangotenga kachilombo ka HIV, omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu angathe kuchiritsidwa kuti athe kuchepetsa chiwindi cha khansa ya chiwindi ndi chiwindi.
Pakalipano ku US, pali mankhwala asanu ndi awiri omwe amavomerezedwa kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda a chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi. Ngakhale mankhwalawa sangathe kuwombola kachilomboka, akhoza kuchepetsa kupatsirana kwa mavairasi, motero amachepetsa kutupa komanso chiwopsezo cha matenda a chiwindi. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, omwe amachitidwa kuti nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) ndi awa:
- Epivir (lamivudine)
- Hespera (adefovir)
- Viread (tenofovir)
- Tyzeka (telbivudine)
- Baraclude (entecavir)
Chithandizo chikuwonetsedwa ngati muli ndi mavairasi aakulu (monga momwe amayesedwa ndi HBV DNA test) ndi mapulaneti owonjezera a chiwindi (osachepera kawiri kawiri kawiri). Anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi chibwibwi amaperekedwa patsogolo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakhale opanda mphamvu kwa omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi kapena otsiriza.
Mankhwala a Intron A (interferon alpha-2B) amakhalanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka kwa achinyamata kapena omwe akuyembekeza kutenga mimba. Mtundu uwu wa interferon (mapuloteni olimbana ndi matenda) umaperekedwa ndi jekeseni pamasabata 24 mpaka 48.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi achidule kuposa mankhwala ena, zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Palinso katemera omwe angateteze matenda a HBV, komanso katemera wothandizira omwe angateteze kutsekula kwa hepatitis A ndi hepatitis B.
Chiwindi cha chiwindi C
Hepatitis C imayambitsa matenda a hepatitis C (HCV) ndipo imafalikira makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugonana kwa amayi ndi mwana kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi pakati ndi njira zocheperako. Zizindikiro zovuta, pamene zilipo, zikhoza kuwoneka kulikonse kuchokera pa masabata awiri mpaka miyezi isanu pambuyo poyambira. Ngakhale anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adzalandira kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya matenda, pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu amayamba kupita ku chiwindi.
Kuchiza matenda a chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi kumatengedwa kuti ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino ndi mibadwo yatsopano yomwe imayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana (DAAs) omwe amatha kupeza machiritso a anthu oposa 95 peresenti m'madera ena. "Mankhwala" amatanthawuza kukhala osatha kuwoneka Maselo a HCV m'magazi anu (omwe amadziwikanso ngati mavairasi otetezeka kapena SVR ) kwa masabata makumi awiri kuchokera kumapeto kwa mankhwala.
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Momwe Mungasankhire Kaya Entecavir Ndilo Mankhwala Oyenera Kwa Inu
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Mankhwala a HCV: Zonse Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa
Kafukufuku wa chipatala wasonyeza kuti 92 peresenti ya anthu omwe angakwanitse kupeza yankho limeneli sadzakhalabe ndi kachilombo kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu.
Mankhwalawa amachitidwa ndi jini (genotype) ya kachilombo kamene munthuyo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-kamene kamasulidwa monga genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 kapena 6-komanso malo a chiwindi. Ngakhale mankhwala amatha kuperekedwa pa matenda opatsirana kwambiri, amasonyeza kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.
- Daklinza (daclatasvir): avomerezedwa ku genotype 3
- Epclusa (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir): amavomerezedwa ku majeremusi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ndi 6
- Harvoni (sofusbuvir + ledipasvir): kuvomerezedwa kwa genotype 1
- Sovaldi (sofusbuvir): amavomerezedwa ku maginito 1, 2, 3 ndi 4
- Technivie (ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir): kuvomerezedwa kwa genotype 4
- Viekira Pak (ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir yogwirizanitsidwa ndi dasabuvir): kuvomerezedwa kwa genotype 1
- Olysio (simeprevir): kuvomerezedwa kwa genotype 1
- Zepatier (grazoprevir + elbasvir): amavomerezedwa kuti azitenga 1, 4 ndi 6
Nthawi zina ma DAA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo mankhwala peginterferon ndi / kapena ribavirin , kawirikawiri mwa iwo amene alephera kuchipatala kapena atapezeka kuti ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Panopa palibe katemera woteteza matenda a hepatitis C.
Hepatitis D
Chiwindi cha matenda a hepatitis D chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a hepatitis D (HDV) ndipo imatha kuchitika ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Amayikira makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo amapezeka kwambiri kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, Middle East, ndi kumpoto gawo la South America.
Njira zothandizira ndizochepa. Matenda opatsirana amachiritsidwa makamaka ndi zakudya zowonjezera komanso / kapena kutentha kwapakati pamene pakufunika. Matenda a HDV amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale pakalipano palibe njira zochiritsira zovomerezeka za FDA, mankhwala amtundu wa Intron A (interferon alpha-2B) awonetsedwa kuti akwaniritsidwe ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana pakati pa 20 ndi 25 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Popeza kachilombo ka HDV kakhoza kufalitsa pamaso pa HBV, katemera wa hepatitis B amawoneka ngati othandiza popewera chiwopsezo cha chiwindi cha D.
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a hepatitis E (HEV) ndipo imafalikira makamaka kudzera m'madzi owonongeka m'zigawo ndi kusowa kwaukhondo. Ngakhale kuti matenda opatsirana kwambiri amadzipangira okha popanda thandizo lachipatala, anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha m'thupi (kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi chiwindi kapena chiwopsezo chachikulu cha HIV ) amatha kupita ku matenda aakulu.
Mofanana ndi matenda a chiwindi E, njira zothetsera matenda a hepatitis D ndizochepa. Komabe, pakhala palipambano pokwaniritsa chiwongoladzanja chamagulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ribavirin . Palibe katemera omwe angapewe kuteteza chiwindi cha Edzi.
> Zotsatira:
> Association of American for the Study of Chilwere Matenda (AASLD). "Kuyang'ana Mliri Woopsa Wadziko Lonse Ndiponso Wachigawo." Washington, DC Nkhani yofalitsa ya November 3, 2013.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Hepatitis ya Viral." Atlanta, Georgia; inapezeka pa July 19, 2016.