Maloto Odalirika Ali Omwe Amakhala, Amafunika Chithandizo Ngati Zili Zosintha ndi Zosokoneza
Ngakhale zopweteketsa sizikusangalatsa aliyense, pamene zimakhudza mwana mobwerezabwereza zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri. Kuchokera usiku womwewo, mwana akhoza kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kufuula ndi kulira. Poyamba, zingakhale zovuta kutonthoza mwanayo ndi kuwatonthoza mokwanira kuti abwerere kukagona. Nchifukwa chiyani zimachitika zoopsa? Kodi kutanthauzanji kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu? Kodi izo zimasonyeza kuti chinachake chalakwika ndi mwana kapena kuti chinachake choipa chachitika?
Zizindikiro, zowonongeka, komanso njira zothandizira kwambiri zowonongeka zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira. Ngati ife monga makolo tikhoza kumvetsetsa zoopsa za ana, kuphatikizapo kuzindikira zomwe zingayambitse, tonsefe tingagone bwinoko. Tiyeni tiyang'ane.
Kodi Ndizochita Mdima Kapena Maloto Oipa?
Zoopsya zimakhala zofanana ndi maloto chifukwa zimakhala ndi zochitika zozizwitsa panthawi ya tulo, nthawi zambiri ndikumva zowawa kapena kukumbukira, komabe zimakhala zovuta pamene zimakumbukiridwa pakadzuka. Zoopsya zimayamba kuchitika mu ubwana ndipo zimalingaliridwa kuti ndizo mbali yathu yokhoza kukhala ndi mantha oyenera ku zowopsya zenizeni.
Nthawi zambiri anthu amatha kukumbukira zinthu zopweteka, makamaka ndi munthu amene amawapeza. Izi ndi zoona kwa ana komanso, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kufotokozera zomwe zimawopsya. Ngati mwanayo akugona, osayankha mafunso moyenera, popanda kukumbukira zomwe zinachitika mmawa wotsatira, izi mwina zikuyimira mantha akugona .
Kodi Zimakhala Zofanana Bwanji ndi Ana?
Zochitika zabodza zimafala pakati pa ana. Makamaka, 24 peresenti ya ana 2 mpaka 6, 41% a zaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 10, ndipo 22 peresenti ya anyamata amafotokoza zoopsa. Zoopsa zambiri zimachitika mu theka lachiwiri la usiku, pamene pali kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka maso kamodzi (REM) , komwe kaŵirikaŵiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa bwino.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kugona koopsa kumachitika nthawi yachitatu ya usiku ndikuyamba kugona pang'onopang'ono. Ambiri achikulire akhoza kukumbukira kukhala ndi maloto osokoneza nthawi zina; Zingakhale zosazolowereka ngati munthu wamkulu sakumbukira kuti ali ndi vuto linalake panthawi inayake pamoyo.
Kodi N'chiyani Chimayambitsa Mavuto Oopsa?
Zoopsya zimapangidwa ndi ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa kugona kwa REM. Izi zikuphatikizapo malo ofunikira kukumbukira ndi kukonzanso zochitika zamaganizo, zinthu zofunika kuti zikhale zoopsa. Madera omwe ali okhudzidwa kwambiri pa nthawi ya kugona kwa REM zimaphatikizapo amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, ndi galasi yamkati. Maloto omveka bwinowa amatha kuwoneka ngati enieni, ndipo izi ndi chifukwa chake zovuta zimakhala zovuta kwa ana omwe sangamvetsetse zomwe ali.
Ngakhale kuti zoopsa zambiri pakati pa ana ndizochibadwa, nthawi zina zimakhala zina zomwe zimayambitsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala
- Kugonjetsa
- Non-REM parasomnias (kugona zoopsa)
- Kupuma kosalala (mwachitsanzo, kupuma kwa mphuno )
- Matenda a post-traumatic stress (PTSD)
Kugonana ndi vuto la kugona ndilofunika kwambiri kuti lizindikire. Ana omwe ali ndi mpweya wotaya tulo nthawi zambiri amatha kusekedwa, kumeta, ndi mano akupera.
Angakhale ndi tulo tokhazikika, mopweteka ndi pakamwa kupuma. Masana, ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kugona angakhale ndi chidwi, makhalidwe, ndi kukula. Mankhwala angathandize kuthana ndi zizindikirozi, kuphatikizapo kuthetsa zoopsa.
Pamapeto pake, ngati mukudandaula kuti zoopsa za mwana wanu zimasokoneza kugona kwake, ndiye kuti mukalankhule ndi ana anu za kufunikira kwowonjezerapo kuti mudziwe zina ndi zina. Izi zikhoza kukhala zofunikira makamaka ngati zoopsa zimakhalapo nthawi zambiri ndipo zimayambitsa nkhawa pamasana, makamaka mantha a kugona.
Kawirikawiri, mankhwala opweteka sakhala oyenera.
Ambiri adzathetsa nthawi popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Ngati iwo akukhumudwitsa kwambiri, zingakhale zothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana maloto. Mankhwala monga prazosin sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Ngati chifukwa chake chimadziwika, monga kugona kwa kugona, chithandizochi chiyenera kulunjikitsidwa.
Zotsatira:
Durmer, JS ndi Chervin, RD. "Mankhwala Akugona Mankhwala." Continuum Neurol 2007; 13 (3): 153-200.
Hobson, JA et al . "Neuropsychology ya REM Sleep Sleeping." Neuroreport 1998; 9 (3): R1-14.