Mwinamwake mwamvapo kuti mukupita kupyolera muzigawo zochepa pamene mukugona, koma kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kugona ndikogona, chabwino? Zoona zenizeni, pali zambiri zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa mutu wanu pamene mukugona, ndipo ndizochitika mu ubongo wanu zomwe zimasonyeza magawo osiyanasiyana ogona.
Anali electroencephalograph (EEG) yomwe inathandiza kuti asayansi aziphunzira tulo m'njira zomwe sizinali zotheka.
M'zaka za m'ma 1950, Eugene Aserinsky wophunzira wophunzira maphunziro adagwiritsa ntchito chida ichi kuti adziwe zomwe zikudziwika lero monga REM sleep . Maphunziro ena okhudza kugona kwa anthu asonyeza kuti tulo timapitirira kupyolera mu magawo angapo omwe maonekedwe a ubongo osiyanasiyana amawonetsedwa.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya tulo:
- kuyenda kosafulumira (NREM) - kumatchedwanso kugona tulo
- kuyenda mofulumira kwa maso (REM) - kumatchedwanso kugona mokwanira kapena kugona mofulumira
Zoyamba za Kugona
Pazigawo zoyambirira za tulo, mudakali tcheru komanso tcheru. Ubongo umabala zinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti mazira a beta, omwe ndi ochepa komanso ofulumira.
Pamene ubongo umayamba kupumula ndi kufulumira, mafunde ochepa omwe amadziwika kuti mafunde a alpha amapangidwa. Panthawiyi pamene simukugona, mungathe kumva zozizwitsa komanso zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimatchedwa kuti hypnagogic hallucinations. Zitsanzo zodziwika za zochitikazi zikuphatikizapo kumverera ngati ukugwa kapena kumva winawake akutchula dzina lanu.
Chochitika china chofala kwambiri panthawiyi chimatchedwa myoclonic ererk . Ngati munayamba mwadzidzidzi kuti mukuganiza kuti palibe chifukwa, ndiye kuti mwakumanapo ndi vuto ili. Ngakhale zingakhale zosazolowereka, zida za myocloniczi ndizofala kwambiri.
Poyamba, akatswiri amagawana tulo m'magulu asanu.
Posakhalitsa posachedwapa, magawo 3 ndi 4 anaphatikizidwa kotero kuti panopa pali magawo atatu a NREM komanso REM yagona.
NREM Gawo 1
Gawo 1 ndi kuyamba kwa kugona tulo ndipo ndi malo ochepa kwambiri ogona. Gawo 1 likhoza kuonedwa ngati kusintha kwa nthawi pakati pa kugalamuka ndi kugona.
Mu Gawo 1, ubongo umapanga mafunde amphamvu kwambiri a matala, omwe ndi mafunde ochepa kwambiri a ubongo. Nthawi imeneyi ya tulo imangokhala kanthawi kochepa (pafupi maminiti asanu kapena 10). Ngati mutadzutsa munthu panthawiyi, akhoza kunena kuti sanali atagona.
NREM Gawo 2
Pakati pa 2 Kugona:
- Anthu sazindikira zozungulira zawo
- Kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika
- Kupweteka ndi mtima kumakhala kofala
Gawo lachiwiri ndilo gawo lachiwiri la kugona ndipo limatenga pafupifupi mphindi 20. Ubongo umayamba kutulutsa zinthu zofulumira, zomwe zimachitika ngati ubongo. Kutentha kwa thupi kumayamba kuchepa ndi kuyambira kwa mtima kumayamba kuchepetsedwa. Malinga ndi American Sleep Foundation, anthu amatha pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya kugona kwawo konse.
NREM Gawo 3
Pa stage 3 kugona:
- Mitundu imasuka
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kupuma kwa mlingo
- Kugona kwakukulu kumachitika
Gawo ili linagawidwa kale mu magawo 3 ndi 4.
Mafunde ozama, otsika ubongo omwe amadziwika kuti mapulaneti amayamba kuonekera panthawi ya kugona 3. Gawo ili nthawi zina limatchedwanso kuti kugona.
Panthawi imeneyi, anthu amakhala osamvera komanso kumvetsera komanso kuchita zochitika m'deralo kungalephere kuyankha. Zimakhalanso nthawi yapakati pa kugona tulo komanso tulo tofa nato.
Maphunziro achikulire ankanena kuti kutentha kwa bedi kunali kovuta kwambiri pakapita nthawi yogona, koma umboni wina waposachedwapa umasonyeza kuti kutentha kwa bedi koteroko kungathenso kuchitika pazigawo zina. Kugona pansi kumayambiranso nthawi zambiri pamene mukugona mokwanira.
REM Kugona
Pa nthawi yogona tulo:
- Ubongo umakhala wotanganidwa kwambiri
- Thupi limakhala lomasuka komanso lokhazikika
- Maloto amapezeka
- Maso amasuntha mofulumira
Zolinga zambiri zimachitika panthawi yachinayi ya kugona, yomwe imatchedwa kuyenda mofulumira kwa maso (REM) kugona. Kugona kwa REM kumakhala ndi kuyenda kwa maso, kuwonjezeka kwa kupuma, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ubongo. Bungwe la American Sleep Foundation limapereka kuti anthu amathera pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya kugona kwawo konse.
Kugona kwa REM kumatchulidwanso kuti kugona chifukwa chakuti ubongo ndi machitidwe ena a thupi zimayamba kugwira ntchito, minofu imakhala yosasuka. Kulota kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito za ubongo, koma minofu yaufulu imakhala yosasinthika.
Zotsatira za Maselo Ogona
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti tulo sikula kupyolera muzigawo izi motsatira. Kugona kumayamba pa siteji yoyamba ndipo kumapita mu magawo 2, ndi 3. Pambuyo pa gawo 3, kugona tulo 2 kumabwereza asanalowe REM. Kamodzi kogona kakatha, thupi limabwerera ku gawo 2 kugona. Kugona kumadutsa pang'onopang'ono magawo anayi kapena asanu usiku wonse.
Pafupipafupi, timalowa mu siteji ya REM pafupifupi 90 minutes pambuyo pokugona. Choyamba chogona cha REM chingakhale kanthawi kochepa chabe, koma kayendedwe kamodzi kamakhala kotalika. Kugona kwa REM kungakhale kwa ola limodzi pamene kugona kukupita.
Pamene kugona kawirikawiri kumawoneka ngati kosachita, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ubongo uli kwenikweni wogwira ntchito pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za kugona. Kugona kumathandiza kwambiri pazinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi kuyeretsa ubongo.
Zotsatira:
Mgwirizano wa ku America Wogona. (). Kodi kugona ndi chiyani? Kuchokera ku https://www.sleepassociation.org/patients-general-public/what-is-sleep/
Cendron, M. (1999). Eniesturnal enuresis: Makhalidwe enieni. American Family Physician, 59 (5) , 1205-1214.
National Sleep Foundation. (nd). Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani mukagona? Kuchokera ku https://sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/what-happens-when-you-sleep
Pressman, MR (2007). Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikulira, ndizopangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhala ndi matendawa. Kuwerenga Mankhwala Ogona, 11 (1), 5-30.
Purves, D., Augustine, GJ, Fitzpatrich, D., et al. (2001). Neuroscience, edition yachiwiri. NCBI Bookshelf. Sunderland, MA: Osonkhana a Sinauer. Kuchokera ku http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10996/.