Hepatitis B ndi matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B , ndipo akhoza kukhala ovuta kapena osapitirira. Matenda a tizilombo a hepatitis B ndiwo omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a chiwindi afala padziko lonse ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B ndi omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya chiwindi (hepatocellular carcinoma). Kuphatikiza apo, kachilombo ka hepatitis B ndiyomwe imayambitsa matenda a chibwibwi padziko lapansi.
Ku United States, pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni anthu ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Komabe, padziko lonse, anthu pafupifupi 400 miliyoni ali ndi kachilomboka, ndipo ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala ku Asia. Mwachionekere, izi ndizofunika kwambiri za thanzi labwino ndi zachipatala.
Pambuyo poyang'ana matenda a chiwindi a B, iwo amalowa m'nyumbamo yomwe imatchedwa nthawi yosakaniza . Panthawiyi, yomwe ikhoza kukhala pakati pa masiku 45 mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri sakhala ndi zizindikiro. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, matenda oopsa a chiwindi a mtundu wa B amayamba ndipo zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimatulukira. Kwa anthu ambiri matendawa amachititsa kuti thupi likhale losasinthasintha koma lidzatha lokha chifukwa cha kupambana kwa thupi polimbana ndi kachilomboka. Ngakhale kuti palibe, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto aakulu monga fulminant chiwindi chosalimba.
Matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa B amapezeka pamene munthu amene ali ndi matenda aakulu akulephera kuthetsa matenda.
Kaya matendawa amakhala aakulu kapena otsimikizirika kumadalira makamaka pa msinkhu wa munthu wodwala matenda. Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi kachilomboka atabadwa adzapita ku matenda aakulu. Komabe, ngati munthu ali ndi zaka zambiri, chiopsezo cha matenda osapitirira amachepa kotero kuti pakati pa 20 ndi 50 peresenti ya ana ndi osachepera 10 peresenti ya ana okalamba kapena akuluakulu amakula kuchokera pachimake mpaka matenda aakulu.
Zizindikiro za Chiwindi cha B
Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za chiwindi chachikulu cha hepatitis B ndi chimodzimodzi kwa onse omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi . Kawirikawiri chizindikiro choyamba ndi kusowa kwa njala (yotchedwa anorexia), kutsatiridwa ndi mseru, ndiyeno mwina, kusanza. Kwa anthu ena zizindikiro izi zingakhale zovuta, zatha milungu ingapo ndikusowa chithandizo chamankhwala. Zizindikiro zina ndizokutopa kwambiri, kulemera kwa thupi, mabala ndi ululu wa minofu ndi ziwalo, kumutu, kumvetsetsa, kupweteka kwa m'khosi, chifuwa, ndi mphuno.
Jaundice, yomwe ndi kusungunuka kwa bilirubin m'thupi, ndi chizindikiro china chotheka . Izi zimawoneka ngati chikasu kwa khungu komanso kuzungulira azungu. Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi omwe amadziwika kwambiri, chifuwa cha jaundice chimalowera pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha B - ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chachikulu cha hepatitis B sangakhale ndi jaundice.
Si zachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi chachikulu cha hepatitis B kuti asakhale ndi zizindikiro. Anthuwa amanenedwa kuti ali osakwanira komanso sangathe kudziwa za matenda awo. Zizindikiro zambiri zimakhala zitatha miyezi isanu kapena itatu, koma anthu ambiri amatha kupitirizabe kutopa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuchepa kwa chiwindi cha B
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a hepatitis B timafalikira mosavuta ndi mavitamini a thupi omwe amatenga mazira kapena magazi. Madzi amthupi omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi opatsirana ndi magazi, saliva, nyemba komanso zobisika za m'mimba. Kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo, ambiri amadzimadzi amthupi amaonedwa kuti angathe kutenga matenda komanso kutetezedwa.
Njira zowonjezereka zomwe kachilombo ka hepatitis B imafalikira ndi kudzera mu kugonana kapena kuyanjana kwambiri ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kumagawana singano ndi sironi ndi wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndi njira yochotsera mayi yemwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Kwenikweni, mtundu wotsirizawu wa kufalikira, wotchedwa kutumiza mawonekedwe, unali wochuluka kwambiri moti akuluakulu azaumoyo a anthu anayamba kuyamiriza kuti nthawi zonse mwanayo atenge kachilomboka. Mabuku ena amanena kuti ambiri mwa anthu atatu aliwonse a ku America omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi chakumtunda B anali ndi kachilombo ngati ana kapena ana.
Matenda a Hepatitis B
Madokotala amadziwa kuti matenda a hepatitis B ndi kuyesa magazi anu chifukwa cha ma antibodies pa gawo lina la kachilombo ka hepatitis B. Gawo lapaderali limatchedwa HBsAG, ndipo limaimira antipatro B. Antigen imeneyi ndi mapuloteni omwe thupi limadziwa kuti siliyenera kukhalapo ndipo liyamba kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Wotsutsakhristu wina yemwe madokotala amayeza mu magazi anu, otchedwa IgM anti-HBc, ndi mayesero abwino kwambiri poyambitsa matenda opatsirana kwambiri a chiwindi cha chiwindi. Izi zimayambitsa anti-IgM antibody yomwe imapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kupita ku mapuloteni osiyanasiyana omwe amatchedwa antigen .
Mmene thupi limakhudzidwira ndi kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri limakhala lothandiza kwambiri chifukwa anthu ambiri adzachotsa kachilombo ka HIV. Malingana ndi momwe mphamvuyi imatetezera , ndi kukula kwa matenda, simungadziwe kuti mukudwala!
Komabe, anthu ena samatulutsa kachilomboka ndipo amakhala ndi matenda a chiwindi. B. Madokotala amadziŵa matendawa poyesa ma HBsAg onse komanso anti-anti-core puloteni, yotchedwa anti-HBc. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi (B) omwe amatha kudwala matenda a chiwindi (B) omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi (B).
Utsogoleri
Pafupifupi aliyense amene akudwala kwambiri matenda a hepatitis B (95% -99% a anthu okalamba wathanzi) adzapeza bwino mwa iwo eni, kotero madokotala samalimbikitsa mankhwala enaake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitetezo cha thupi lanu chimatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti muwononge msanga chiwindi cha chiwindi kuchokera ku chiwindi musanayambe mavuto aakulu. Pa matenda aakulu kwambiri a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B, akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala otchedwa lamivudine.
Kwa anthu omwe amapita ku matenda a chiwindi a B, odwala amatha kusankha mankhwala asanu omwe ali interferon alpha, pegylated interferon, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil ndi entecavir. Nthawi zina madokotala amakhala ndi mankhwala amodzi okha, koma kawirikawiri, mankhwala ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala awiri, monga pegylated interferon ndi lamivudine. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikutenga kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi (mwachindunji kubwereza kwa tizilombo) kuti tisagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa magazi.
Mwatsoka, mankhwala ndi okwera mtengo ndipo ndi ovuta. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi a B osachiritsika sagwirizana ndi mankhwala. Pazifukwa izi, njira yabwino ndikutetezera matenda a chiwindi cha chiwindi .
Kupewa
Matenda a hepatitis B amapewa mosavuta ndi katemera. Katemera ndi wotetezeka ndipo ndi otsika mtengo ndipo pali katemera awiri omwe akupezeka ku United States.
Anthu ena ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotenga kachilombo ka hepatitis B ndipo ayenera kutemera katemera mwamsanga. Awa onse ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, anthu omwe ali m'ndende kapena ndende komanso anthu omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda aakulu, ana onse osakwana zaka 18 ayenera kulandira katemera wa hepatitis B.
> Chitsime:
> Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Long DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison Online. "Hepatitis Yowopsa Kwambiri". Harrison Online