Hepatitis A ndi Hepatitis B: Zofanana Kapena Zosiyana?
Wina akhoza kukhulupirira kuti chiwindi cha chiwindi cha A ndi B chiri chimodzimodzi. Komabe, ambiri sadziwa zomwe matenda a chiwindi ndi omwe amachititsa. Dziwani zambiri za matenda a chiwindi, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kusiyana pakati pawo powerenga mopitirira. Mukamamva mawu akuti hepatitis, amatanthauza chinthu chimodzi: kutupa kwa chiwindi. Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungakhalire ndi thanzi labwino.
Mowa ndi mankhwala ena ndi zina mwazifukwazi. Nthawi zambiri zimakula kudzera m'mavairasi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana; izi zatchulidwa kuti A, B, ndi C. Kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta kwa inu, apa pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mavairasi a hepatitis A, HAV) ndi hepatitis B (HBV).
Zomwe Zaphatikizidwa
Matenda a hepatitis A (HAV) amapezeka m'ziwombankhanga za munthu aliyense amene akudwala matenda a hepatitis A. Kawirikawiri, amafalitsidwa kudzera mwachindunji pakati pa anthu. Izi zingakhale kudzera kugonana kapena kukhala m'nyumba imodzi. Njira ina yosavuta yomwe imafalitsidwa ikugawana chakudya ndi madzi zomwe zaipitsidwa ndi munthu amene akutumiza kachilomboka. Komanso, ngati mupita kumalo kumene matendawa akutha, pali ngozi yaikulu yodzipezera nokha.
Hepatitis A imayambitsa kutupa kwa chiwindi, ndipo amatha kuchira kapena kuchiritsa yekha. Ngati ndinu wamkulu, vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
Monga tanenera, chiwindi cha A chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kupatsirana mosavuta kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake kupyolera mu madzi ndi chakudya komanso kuyandikana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Komabe, matenda a hepatitis B amapezeka makamaka m'madzi a thupi monga magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, pamene magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kapena thupi lake alowa m'thupi la munthu wina, akhoza kulandira matendawa.
Hepatitis B imafalikira makamaka kudzera mu kugonana kosatetezedwa ndi chithandizo cha HBV kapena kugwiritsa ntchito singano yathanzi (makamaka pamene anthu amagawana singano pakati pawo).
Kufunika kwa Katemera
Pofuna kupewa chingwe kapena chitukuko cha matenda a chiwindi A, anthu otsatirawa ayenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti adzalandira katemera:
- Ana a zaka 1-2
- Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna ena
- Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'misewu
- Antchito ogwira ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, kupatulapo mayiko monga Canada, US, ndi Japan
- Anthu omwe ali ndi maubwenzi apamtima kapena omwe amapezeka ndi maiko omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HAV
Komabe, otsatirawa ndi omwe amafunikira katemera ku chiwindi cha B:
- Ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi zaka 0-18
- Anthu ogonana
- Odwala omwe akudwala dialysis kapena pre-dialysis
- Ogwira ntchito, anthu a mumatauni, kapena ogwira ntchito oteteza chitetezo amatha kuika magazi ndi madzi
- Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka za m'ma 60 ali ndi matenda a shuga
- Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
- Ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kudzera mu jakisoni
- Antchito ndi anthu okhala kumalo othandizira anthu olemala
Zizindikiro
Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chiwindi, iwo onse amakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mwinamwake mwatengera kachilomboka:
- Khungu la khungu lanu
- Kuwala kwa gawo loyera la maso anu
- Kutaya zakudya
- Fever
- Mtsinje wakuda
- Nausea
- Kuthamanga
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kutopa
Kutenga
Palibe matenda aakulu a chiwindi A, koma mu chiwindi cha B, paliponse. Mukapeza hepatitis A kamodzi, simudzakhalanso. Kumbali ina, chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi B, pali matenda akuluakulu ngakhale kuyambira pa kubadwa. Ku US, pafupifupi 2000 mpaka 4000 anthu amafa ndi matendawa chaka ndi chaka. Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndi chiwindi.
Chithandizochi
Palibe machiritso enaake a mavairasi awa. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa hepatitis A nthawi zambiri amawathandiza.
Izi zikuphatikizapo kupewa kumwa mowa chifukwa zingathe kuvulaza chiwindi. Kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi B, kufuna thandizo lachipatala ndiloyenera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyeza kwa chiwindi kwa miyezi 6-12 iliyonse. Mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mankhwala a HBV. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chithandizo cha awiriwa popeza HBV imasowa chithandizo chamankhwala kuchiritsidwa. Limbikitsani kudziwa kwanu za matenda a chiwindi ndi kuyesetsa kupewa. Ngakhale kuti matenda a hepatitis A ndi B amagawanika ndi zochepa chabe, ali ndi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu.
Zotsatira:
Cuthbert JA. Hepatitis A: akale ndi atsopano. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001 Jan; 14 (1): 38-58.
Liang TJ. Hepatitis B: kachilombo ndi matenda. Hepatology. 2009 May; 49 (5 Suppl): S13-21.