The Essential Dialysis 101
Pamene impso zanu zimayamba kulephera , mumakhala mukuyenda mofulumira. Zigawo izi zimagawidwa kuchokera ku stage 1 mpaka 5 ya matenda a impso (CKD). Gawo lachisanu ndiloipa kwambiri pamene anthu ambiri angafunike dialysis kapena kusintha kwa impso. Sikuti aliyense amene ayamba ndi matenda a impso (siteji 1-3), adzapita patsogolo 5.
Matenda a impso amadza ndi mndandanda wautali wa mavuto. Kumayambiriro kwa CKD, mavutowa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapiritsi ayenera kukhala oyenerera kuthana ndi mavuto monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, electrolytes osalimba, kutupa kapena edema (zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchitika ku CKD). Komabe, potsiriza, ngati mutapezeka kuti mukupita patsogolo ku matenda a impso, kapena CKD stade 5, mavutowa amayamba movuta komanso ovuta kuchiza ndichipatala okha. Panthawiyi, musayambe kukweza impso (kapena ngati simukuyenera), nthawi zambiri mumayenera dialyse. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane mafunso ochepa omwe odwala ambiri angakhale nawo okhudza dialysis.
Kodi dialysis ndi chiyani?
Dialysis ndi njira yopangira zina za impso. Impso imapanga ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi, mopitirira "kupanga mkodzo." Ndalemba ntchitoyi mwatsatanetsatane, koma apa ndi mwachidule:
- Impso zimayendetsa ndikusunga mlingo wa electrolyte onse monga sodium, potaziyamu, ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zili zofunika pamoyo wamba
- Amalamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'magazi anu, motero magazi anu amayamba.
- Amapanga mahomoni omwe ali ofunikira kuti apange maselo ofiira ofiira, otchedwa "erythropoietin"
- Amaonetsetsa kuti mafupa anu akhalebe athanzi mwa kupanga vitamini D
- Amachotsa asidi ochulukirapo, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi metabolism, kuchokera ku dongosolo lanu
- Chofunika kwambiri, amachiza kuthamanga kwa magazi
Dialysis imafuna kubwezeretsa zina, koma osati zonsezi.
Kodi dialysis imachitika motani? Kodi dialysis ndi yotani?
Momwe dialyse imapezera zimadalira mtundu wa dialysis. Njira imodzi (yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri ku America) imatchedwa hemodialysis . Hemo ndilo liwu la Chigriki la magazi. Choncho, "dialysis ya magazi" ndi pamene magazi a wodwalayo amatengedwa kuchokera ku "dialysis" momwe amachitira ndi makina omwe ali ndi fyuluta yomwe imatsanzira kufotokoza kwa impso. Mwazi ukadutsa mu fyuluta iyi (yotchedwa dialyzer), magazi oyeretsedwa amabwezedwa kwa wodwalayo. Hemodialysis nthawi zambiri imachitika ku "dialysis center" ( mkatikati mwa hemodialysis ), kumene imachitika katatu mlungu uliwonse, kwa maola atatu kapena anayi (izi zimadalira kukula kwa wodwalayo). Komabe, n'zotheka kuchita hemodialysis kunyumba. Izi zimatchedwa home hemodialysis . Njira imeneyi ikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri pa sabata, koma gawo lililonse limakhala lalifupi pa maola awiri kapena anayi payekha.
Mtundu wina wa dialysis womwe umachitikanso panyumba umatchedwa peritoneal dialysis . Peritoneum imatanthawuza kumimba kwa m'mimba. Mwa njirayi, kathetta yosatha imayikidwa mu peritoneum wodwalayo kupyolera mu khoma la m'mimba. Oyera dialysis madzi amalowetsedwa mu peritoneum, ndipo madziwa amakhala pamenepo kwa maola angapo pamene amatsuka magazi a poizoni. Kenaka, madzi akudawa akutsanulidwa, ndipo madzi amchere amatha kuikidwa. Kuzunguliraku kumabwereza nthawi zingapo (makamaka usiku pogwiritsa ntchito makina otchedwa "wopalasa njinga"), ndipo m'mawa, wodwalayo amadzichotsa yekha kuchokera pa njinga yamtchire ndikukwera kathete.
Kodi kulumikizana kwa dialysis ndi chiyani?
Kufika kwa dialysis kapena shunt ndi malo omwe nsapato ziwiri zimayikidwa pamene wina akulandira hemodialysis (odwala pa peritoneal dialysis sadzakhala ndi shunt, koma m'malo mwa catheter omwe akhala pansi mwathunthu). Chimodzi mwa singano mu shunt chidzapange gawo la magazi kuchokera mu thupi kupita ku makina a dialysis, ndipo winayo adzanyamula magazi oyera kuchokera kwa makina kwa wodwalayo.
Shunt yokha ndi kugwirizana kwenikweni pakati pa mitsempha ndi mitsempha. Amayikidwa ndi dokotala wochita opaleshoni, yemwe angagwiritse ntchito mitsempha yanu kuti agwirizane ndi izi (kutchedwa fistula ) kapena akhoza kugwiritsira ntchito chubu lopangidwira kuti agwirizane.
Kodi dialyse ikhoza kuchitidwa kunyumba?
Inde! Onse awiri a peritoneal dialysis komanso a hemodialysis amatha kukhala ndi odwala okhawo kunyumba. Namwino wanu wam'tsogolo ndi namwino wa dialysis adzakuphunzitsani milungu ingapo za momwe mungachitire izi. Mukakhala okonzeka kuchita izi, adzakulolani kuti muteteze kunyumba kwanu.
Mudzafunikanso kuwonapo kamodzi pamwezi ndi katswiri wanu wa nephrologist, ndipo mudzakhala ndi namwino wa nephrologist ndi namwino wa dialysis omwe akupezeka paitanidwe yothetsera mavuto. Manesi a Dialysis nthawi zambiri amapita kunyumba kwanu ngati ndi chinachake chomwe sichikhoza kusamalidwa pa foni.
Kodi ndi dialysis yotani yomwe ili "yabwino"?
Kuchokera ku lingaliro lachipatala, palibe phunziro lawonetsetsa kuti njira iliyonse ili yabwino kwambiri kuposa yina. Ndizofunika kwambiri pa moyo wanu. Nthawi zambiri dialysis yamakono imakonda odwala omwe amatha kudzisamalira okha, amawathandiza, sakufuna kuti "amangirire pansi" kuchipatala cha dialysis, kapena akufuna kuyenda nthawi zambiri. Ufulu umene umabwera ndi dialysis kunyumba umapatsa mphamvu komanso amatanthauza odwala ambiri. Zimathandizanso kuti moyo ukhale wabwino chifukwa simukupanga maulendo atatu pa sabata kupita kuchipatala cha dialysis. Komabe, "ndi mphamvu zazikulu amabwera udindo waukulu" popeza mukufunikira kukhala ndi umoyo wanu wambiri!