Matenda a Chifuwa Ambiri Amapezeka Kwambiri M'gulu la Anthu Odwala Matenda a Khunyu
Chifuwa chachikulu ndi immunoglobulin (antibody) yomwe ingamangirire ku ma antibodies ena. Kawirikawiri, majeremusi ndi mapuloteni opezeka mumagazi omwe amagwira ntchito mkati mwa chitetezo cha mthupi . Chidziwitso cha chifuwa chachikulu, komabe, sichipezeka mwa anthu ambiri. Ngakhale kuti mumapezeka pafupifupi 1-2 peresenti ya anthu wathanzi, chiwerengero cha chifuwa chachikulu chimakhala ndi zaka zambiri ndipo pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu opitirira 65 ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu.
Kukhalapo kwa kachilombo ka magazi kumapezeka ndi kuyesa kwa magazi. Kafukufuku wamagazi amalamulidwa kawirikawiri pamene akudwala matenda a nyamakazi . Chifuwa chachikulu cha matendawa chimakhalapo pa 80 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a nyamakazi, koma ambiri amakhala akudwala nyamakazi ya nyamakazi. Chiwerengero cha chifuwa chachikulu cha nyamakazi chimawonjezereka ndi matenda a nyamakazi ya nyamakazi: pa miyezi itatu chiŵerengero ndi 33 peresenti, ndipo chaka chimodzi ndi 75 peresenti. Mpaka 20 peresenti ya odwala nyamakazi ya nyamakazi imakhalabe yovuta chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu pa nthawi yonse ya matenda awo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda a chifuwachi amadziwika kuti ndi odwala nyamakazi.
Zochitika Zina Zomwe Zingakhale Zogwirizana ndi Zowona Zowonongeka Kwambiri
Matenda ena omwe amatha kudziletsa omwe angakhale abwino pa chifuwa chachikulu ndi:
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Mapulaneti lupus erythematosus
- Scleroderma
- Polymyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Matenda Osakanikirana a Matenda Aakulu
Matenda ena kapena zinthu zomwe zingagwirizane ndi zotsatira zabwino zowunikira zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:
- Bakiteriya endocarditis
- Osteomyelitis
- Chifuwa chachikulu
- Chizindikiro
- Chiwindi cha chiwindi
- Mononucleosis
- Kusokoneza mapiritsi a pulmonary fibrosis
- Chizungu cha chiwindi
- Sarcoidosis
Zinthu Zosagwirizana ndi Chifuwa Chofiira
Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu omwe sali okhudzana ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu ndi:
High Titer Chifuwa Chowongolera
Maseŵera apamwamba kapena matchulidwe a chifuwa chachikulu cha nthenda ya chifuwa chachikulu amapezeka ndi matenda aakulu a nyamakazi. Chifuwachi chimayanjananso ndi chizoloŵezi chapamwamba chowonetsera maonekedwe osagwirizana (matendawa) monga matenda a chifuwa chachikulu komanso matenda a chifuwa chachikulu.
Kodi Chiwerengero cha Mafupafu Amayesedwa Bwanji?
Kuchuluka kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha magazi m'thupi kungayesedwe ndi:
Mayeso a Agglutination
Njira imodzi imasakaniza magazi a wodwalayo ndi mikwingwirima ya latex yophimbidwa ndi ma antibodies a munthu (IgG). Mitundu ya latex ikulumikiza kapena agglutinate ngati kachilombo kake (IgM RF) ilipo. Njira ina imasakaniza magazi a wodwalayo ndi maselo ofiira a nkhosa omwe ali ndi ma antibodies a kalulu. Maselo ofiira amagazikana ngati kachilombo ka magazi kalipo.
Choyimira ndi chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a magazi a agglutination angathe kuchepetsedwa chisanafike poyerekeza ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
Mutu wa 1:20 umasonyeza kuti kachilombo ka khunyu kamatha kudziwika pamene gawo limodzi la magazi liphindikizidwa ndi magawo 20 a saline. Malingana ndi labu, phindu la chifuwa chachikulu cha 1:20 kapena kuposerapo chimakhala choyenera.
Mayeso a Nephelometry
Magazi a odwala ali osakanikirana ndi ma antibodies omwe amawatsogolera kuti agwedezeke ngati kachilombo ka magazi kalipo. Kuwala kumadutsa kupyolera mu chubu chokhala ndi chisakanizo ndi chida chotsatira kuti kuwala kumatsekedwa ndi chisakanizo. Matenda apamwamba a chifuwa chachikulu amapanga zitsanzo zambiri zamitambo ndipo amalola kuti kuwala pang'ono kudutse, kuyesedwa mu mayunitsi. Malingana ndi labu, phindu la chifuwa chachikulu cha magawo 23 kapena osachepera ndilochilendo.
Pofufuza zotsatira za labu, kumbukirani kuti chifuwa chachikulu chotengera chifuwa chachikulu kuposa ma unit 23 ndi titatu kuposa 1:80 ndi chizindikiro cha nyamakazi yamagazi koma ikhoza kuchitika ndi zina. Zotsatira zabwino zabodza zingachitike pamene mlingo wamafuta m'magazi ndi okwera. Zotsatira zolakwika zingayambidwe ndi kusayenerera kosayenera kwa zitsanzo za magazi. Ndipo potsirizira pake, zotsatira zoyesayesa za chifuwa cha nthendayi siziteteza kuti matenda a nyamakazi ayambe.
Zotsatira:
Matenda a Nyamakazi: Matenda Oyambirira ndi Chithandizo. Kushi, Weinblatt, ndi Cavanaugh MD Professional Communications, Inc. Kachitatu.
Todd-Sanford: Kufufuza kwachipatala ndi Njira za Laboratory.