Zachidule za Osteoarthritis
Matenda a osteoarthritis, amodzi mwa mitundu yoposa 100 ya nyamakazi ndi zofanana , ndiwo mtundu wambiri wa nyamakazi. Ku United States, anthu pafupifupi 27 miliyoni amakhala ndi vutoli. Osteoarthritis ndi ofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu akuluakulu oposa zaka 65, koma anthu a msinkhu uliwonse akhoza kukhala nawo.
Kukula kumawonjezeka kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka 50 mwa amuna komanso pambuyo pa zaka 40 muzimayi. Malingana ndi American College of Rheumatology, 70 peresenti ya anthu oposa zaka 70 ali ndi umboni wa x-ray wa osteoarthritis .
"Valani"
> Katemera wa mafupa amathyoka ndi osteoarthritis.
Matenda a osteoarthritis amatchulidwa kuti matenda a nyamakazi. Mayina ena ali ndi matenda osagwirizana, odwala matenda a nyamakazi , DJD, ndi osteoarthrosis.
Kwa zaka zambiri, matenda a osteoarthritis anafotokozedwa chifukwa cha kutha kwa karoti m'gulu limodzi kapena zingapo. Cartilage imapangidwa ndi 65 mpaka 80 peresenti madzi, collagen (mapuloteni oteteza thupi), proteoglycans (mapuloteni ndi shuga omwe amaphatikizana ndi collagen), ndi chondrocytes (maselo omwe amachititsa kadzidzi).
Cartilage ndi minofu yovuta koma yotopetsa yomwe imakhala ngati chingwe pakati pa mafupa a mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafupa azigwirana. Zimathenso kudabwa ndi kayendedwe ka thupi.
Pamene mafuta a khunyu amatha kutuluka, ziwalo zimatha kuwonongeka mpaka kufika pang'onopang'ono. Kusintha kwa zigawo zozungulira ziwalo (minofu ndi matope), kusungunuka kwa madzi, ndi kupweteka kwamtundu wa mafupa ( osteophytes kapena fupa la fupa) kungapangitse, kumabweretsa ululu wopweteka, kuperewera kwa kuyenda, ndi kulemala.
Matenda a osteoarthritis angakhudze ziwalo m'manja ndi zala, chiuno , mawondo , mapazi , ndi msana . Malingana ndi umboni wa x-ray, ziwalo zosiyana kwambiri za interphalangeal za dzanja zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi osteoarthritis, ngakhale kuti sangagwirizane ndi zizindikiro zofanana.
Mchiuno ndi mawondo ndiwo malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri a osteoarthritis ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chizindikiro. Mitsempha yoyamba ya metatarsal phalangeal ndi carpometacarpal ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pa x-ray. Mapewa, chigoba, mkono, ndi ma metacarpophalangeal ndi malo ochepa a osteoarthritis pokhapokha atagwirizana ndi kuvulala, kupweteka, kapena ntchito.
Zinthu Zina
Ngakhale kuti kufotokozedwa kwatchulidwa kwa kuvala ndi kubvunda (kanyumba kowonongeka) sikokwanira, sikunakwanira. Ndipotu, pali zambiri kuposa izo. Sikuti zimangokhala zokha. Zifukwa zina zambiri zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha osteoarthritis chikhalepo, kuphatikizapo zinthu zokhudzana ndi zinthu zamoyo, oyimira anthu osokoneza bongo, komanso ma proteases. Zinthu izi zikhoza kukhala za chibadwa, zamatsenga, zachilengedwe, kapena zoopsa.
Ngakhale kuwonongedwa kwa mgwirizano wa cartilage ndi chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri cha mafupa a osteoarthritis, tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kuvala ndi kugwedeza kuchokera pamagetsi kumalimbikitsa kupanga zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mu mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi mafupa a osteoarthritis, mitsempha yonse yothandizira imakhudzidwa, osati khungu kokha.
Kukula ndi Kukula
Zingakhale zovuta kudziwa nthawi yomwe mitsempha ya osteoarthritis imayambira ndi zomwe zimagwirizanitsa mazira zimayambitsidwanso mofulumira pokha pokha pali chochitika chokhumudwitsa chimene chimavulaza ndipo chingathe kufotokozedwa, monga ndondomeko yotsekemera.
Ngakhale maphunziro a MRI angathe kuzindikira kusintha kwa kayendedwe kake koyambirira kofanana ndi matenda a osteoarthritis, zida zowoneka bwino zimayikidwa nthawi zonse, poyamba. Koma, panthawi yomwe pali umboni wa x-ray wa osteoarthritis, matendawa akhoza kupita patsogolo kwambiri. Ma X-ray amasonyeza kupweteka kwa kagawoti , malo ophatikizana , subchondral sclerosis , subchondral cysts , ndi osteophytes. Zithunzi za MRI zingasinthe kusintha kosasunthika kwa khunyu, synovitis, mitsempha ya mafupa , ndi kusintha kosasinthasintha m'thupi.
Pamene mafupa a osteoarthritis akupita, mgwirizano wonse ukhoza kutenga mbali, kuchititsa kuti ziwalozo zilephereke. Ngakhale kuti amadziwa zimenezi, zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera kuti munthu amene ali ndi matenda a osteoarthritis amadziwa.
Sikuti aliyense amene ali ndi vutoli amakula mofulumira, amachititsa kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo chimodzimodzi, kapena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ngati ayambirira kapena wofatsa.
Zowopsa
Zinthu zomwe zimachulukitsa chiopsezo cha osteoarthritis ndi izi:
- Kukalamba -Kudziwika kuti chiŵerengero ndi kufalikira kwa mafupa a osteoarthritis kumawonjezeka ndi msinkhu. Amaganiziranso kuti kukalamba kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka kwambiri chifukwa pali okalamba m'mimba komanso pali kusintha kwa feteleza (kuchepa kwa khungu ndi zaka). Pofika m'chaka cha 2030, pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu a ku America adzakhala ndi zaka zoposa 65 ndipo ali pangozi yaikulu ya kudwala matenda a mitsempha.
- Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amuna Amayi Kufala kwa hip osteoarthritis kumakhala kofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
- Kuvulala kwa mafupa - Pambuyo kuvulala kwa mgulu kumapezeka, vuto lotha kupweteketsa m'mimba limatha. Kusintha kumeneku kumachitika mkati mwa zaka 10 za kuvulala. Matenda a osteoarthritis angapangidwe, atapweteka, kumatenda ofewa, monga kugwa kwa ligament, chifukwa amithenga opatsirana amatha kuthamangira ku malo ovulaza ndipo angayambitse chitukuko cha osteoarthritis. Pangakhalenso kuvulazidwa kumene kumakhudzana ndi ziwalo, monga ziphuphu).
- Ntchito yochita ntchito - Ngati ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuitanitsa kwambiri, makamaka mobwerezabwereza, pali chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi matenda a mitsempha. Izi ndizochitika pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kukweza, kugwada, kudula, kapena kukwera. Monga momwe tingayembekezere, kuyendayenda mobwerezabwereza ndi mphamvu yowonjezera kumapangitsa kuti pakhale katundu wolemetsa.
- Kulemera kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri- Kulemera kwa thupi kumapweteka ku ziwalo zolemera. Chochititsa chidwi, kukhala woposa kunenepa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha manja a osteoarthritis, nawonso. Izi zikusonyeza kuti pangakhale zotsatira zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi kupitirira kunenepa ndi kunenepa kwambiri komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha osteoarthritis.
- Zamoyo zogonjetsa mafupa -Studies agwirizanitsa mitundu ina ya jini kusiyana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a mitsempha.
Mawu Ochokera
Kumvetsa kuti osteoarthritis sichimangokhala chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena okalamba. Kuzindikira kuti pali zifukwa zomwe zimachulukitsa chiopsezo cha mthupi la osteoarthritis komanso kuti zina zingasinthe ndizofunikira. Taphunzira kwa zaka zambiri kuti matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa "kanyumba kakang'ono". Ndipotu, zomangamanga komanso zozungulira zimakhudzidwa ndi osteoarthritis.
Ochita kafukufuku akuyesetsa kupanga mankhwala amodzi kapena amodzi omwe amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi DMARD (mankhwala osinthira odwala-rheumatic drugs) omwe amawotcha matenda a nyamakazi pochepetsa chifuwa cha matenda. Ngakhale kuti DMOAD zachinsinsi za mankhwala ochepetsa matenda osteoarthritis akhala akugwiritsidwa kale ntchito, tikuyembekezerabe chitukuko ndi malonda a DMOAD othandiza.
Zotsatira:
Osteoarthritis. Kuwongolera Zochita Zaumoyo. NIAMS. April 2015.
Osteoarthritis Epidemiology ndi Zowopsa. The Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center. Kusinthidwa pa April 25, 2012.
Paul E. Di Cesare et al. Mutu 98. Kelley's Bookbook of Rheumatology. Elsevier. Kusindikiza kwachisanu ndi chinayi.
Richard F. Loesner. MD. Pathogenesis wa Osteoarthritis. Zaposachedwa. Idasinthidwa pa June 21, 2016.