Zifukwa Zimaphatikizapo Mavairasi, Mabakiteriya, ndi Ma Parasites
Kutsekula m'mimba kungakhale kowonjezera chabe. Ndicho chiwiri chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa imfa mwa ana m'mayiko omwe akutukuka ndipo zikuthandizira kwambiri ntchito yopanda ntchito komanso kutayika kwa ntchito ku America.
Okalamba, ana ang'onoang'ono, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha m'thupi amakhala osatetezeka kwambiri ndipo ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda komanso ngakhale imfa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi kwa nthawi yaitali kapena koopsa.
Matenda opatsirana ndi Matenda Osakwanira Opatsirana
Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi omwe amachititsa anthu kutsekula m'mimba. Izi ndi pamene ziwombankhanga zomwe zimapezeka ndi kachilomboka zimafalikira mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kutsogolo (monga kugwirana chanza), mwakumana ndi zinthu zowonongeka kapena zakumwa, kapena kudyetsa zakudya kapena zakumwa zoyipa.
Palinso magwero osatetezeka a kutsekula m'mimba, nthawi zambiri okhudzana ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi thupi, chitetezo cha mthupi kapena chitetezo cha endocrine. Zina mwazo ndizopweteketsa matenda a m'mimba (IBS) , matenda opatsirana (IBD) , matenda a celiac , hyperthyroidism , ndi kusagwirizana kwa lactose .
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa gastroenteritis , omwe angayambitsenso kunyoza, kusanza, ndi kupweteka m'mimba. Ngati kutsekula m'mimba kumaphatikiza ndi magazi, amatchulidwa ngati kamwazi.
Zizindikiro Zachilombo
Mavairasi ndiwo omwe amachititsa kuti kutsekula m'mimba ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu inayi:
- Norovirus , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "chombo chotengera sitimayo," ndiyo chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha gastroenteritis ku US.
- Rotavirus ndilo vuto lalikulu la kutsekula m'mimba mwa ana a America komanso chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa ya ana m'mayiko akutukuka.
- Mitundu ya Adenovirus 40 ndi 41 ndizochepa zogwirizanitsa ndi kutsekula m'mimba ndipo ziri pakati pa mitundu yoposa 50 ya adenovirus yomwe imadziwika ndi munthu (yomwe imaphatikizaponso mavairasi ozizira).
- Ma astroviruses ndi omwe amachititsa anthu kutsekula m'mimba, ana, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a mthupi.
Mabakiteriya Chifukwa
Matenda a m'mabakiteriya amachititsa kuti matenda ndi imfa padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti sichidziwika kwambiri ku US kusiyana ndi kutsegula m'mimba, matenda opatsirana amtunduwu amachititsa kudwala chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zilonda komanso kutupa m'mimba. Zina mwazimene zimayambitsa:
- Salmonella enteritidis amatha kutsekula m'mimba, kutentha thupi, ndi kupweteka m'mimba mkati mwa maola 12 mpaka 72 kudya zakudya zowonongeka kapena zakumwa.
- Escherichia coli (makamaka E. coli 0157) amafalitsidwa kudzera mu zakudya zowonongeka ndi mkaka ndipo amatha kukhala ndi matenda otchedwa hemorrhagic colitis.
- Shigella imapezeka kawirikawiri ku US ndi kuzungulira dziko lapansi ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutsekula kwa magazi, makamaka kwa ana a msinkhu wa msinkhu.
- Campylobacter ndi imodzi mwa matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndipo angayambitse matenda otsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha kutupa kwamimba m'mimba
- Vibrio matendawa nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudya nsomba yaiwisi kapena sushi.
- Staphylococcus aureus amatha kuyambitsa kutsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha poizoni wotulutsidwa ndi mabakiteriya.
- Clostridium difficile ndi yapadera kwambiri chifukwa kukula kwa kachilombo kawirikawiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maantibayotiki. Masiku ano ndilo vuto lalikulu la matenda otsegula m'mimba.
- Yersinia amadziwika ngati mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa mliri wa bubonic ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mu mkaka.
Zimayambitsa Parasitic
Protozoa ndiwo chifukwa chachikulu cha kutsegula m'mimba ku US komanso kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Zamoyo zowonongeka zokhazokha zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimafalitsidwa kudzera m'madzi omwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Zina mwa zifukwa zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba:
- Giardia lamblia imadutsa chakudya chodetsedwa kapena ndi munthu wina ndi mnzake ndipo zingayambitse matenda otsekula m'mimba masiku awiri a matenda.
- Entamoeba histolytica imagwirizana ndi kutuluka kwa mimba komanso kumayambitsa matenda otsekula m'mimba pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'matumbo.
- Cryptosporidium imadziwika kuti imayambitsa matenda opuma ndi amimba ndipo imadziwika ndi kukula kwa madzi.
Kuzindikira ndi Chithandizo
Malinga ndi mtundu wamatenda otsekula-komanso zizindikiro zina ndi zina (kuphatikizapo mbiri ya munthu) -dokotala amatha kuyesa mayesero angapo kuti adziwe kumene akuchokera.
Chikhalidwe cha sitima chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti chidziŵe matenda a bakiteriya, pamene mayesero ophatikizana ndi a antigen-based angathandize kuzindikira protozoa mu zitsulo. Matenda opatsirana amatha kupezedwa ndi kuyesa pulogalamu ya PCR pa chifuwa cha munthu, magazi, kapena madzi ena a thupi.
Chithandizo chingasinthe malinga ndi chifukwa. Mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a bakiteriya ndi mavairasi, motero, pamene magulu amtundu uliwonse wamagetsi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chifukwa chake ndi protozoan.
Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba amatha kuperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala othandizira kuchepetsa kutsekula m'mimba kuteteza kapena kutaya kutayika kwa madzi. Madzi amatha kuperekedwa kudzera mkati mwa mitsempha ngati kutaya madzi m'thupi kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Mankhwala opatsirana opweteka amathandiza kuchepetsa ululu ndi malungo.
Kupewa
Chimodzimodzi chopewa chitetezo chimapindulitsa philisi ya mankhwala pokhudzana ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Mmodzi mwa ntchito zopewera ndi ukhondo wabwino komanso kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri adzagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera antibacterial , kuyeretsa kwathunthu ndi madzi otentha ndi sopo nthawi zambiri amanyenga. Kusunga malo osungira mu bafa, khitchini, ndi kulikonse kumene chakudya chikudya ndichinthu chofunikira.
Pamene nkhuku zophika, nyama, kapena nkhono, zitsimikizirani kuti zophikidwa bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito khrimometer ya khitchini, ngati pakufunikira. Samalani kwambiri kuti musambe zipatso zonse ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndikupewa kudya nsomba zazikulu ngati mulibe kukayikira za chiyambi kapena zatsopano. Kudula matabwa ndi ziwiya ziyenera kuyeretsedwa mwamsanga mutangodziwana ndi nyama yaiwisi, nkhuku, kapena nsomba.
Pomaliza, ngati mutayendayenda kunja kwa dziko, onetsetsani kuti katemera wanu ali ponseponse. Ngati mukukonzekera kukachezera dziko lotukuka, pitani pa webusaiti yathanzi yoyendayenda yomwe ikuyendetsedwa ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kuti mudziwe kuti ndi chithandizo chiti chomwe mukufunikira ndikuyang'ana zokhudzana ndi madzi ndi chitetezo cha kuderako.
> Zotsatira:
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> Kasper, D .; Fauci, A .; Hauser, S. et al. (2015) Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: McGraw Hill Maphunziro
> Lanata, C .; Fischer-Walker, C .; Olascoaga, et al. "Zomwe Zingayambitse Matenda a Kutsekula M'mimba Kufa kwa Ana