Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuwunikira kungatenge mawonekedwe a mafunso ovuta, mayeso, ma laboratory, mayeso a radiology (mwachitsanzo, ultrasound , X-ray) kapena njira (mwachitsanzo, kuyesedwa). Koma chifukwa chakuti mayesero amaperekedwa pofuna kufufuza, sizitanthauza kuti kuyesa kuyesa bwino. Kulondola kwazamakono ndi kofunikira koma sikokwanira kuyesedwa koyesa.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa mayeso oyenera, matenda, mgwirizano ndi odwala komanso mapulogalamu amachiritso amapanga ndondomeko yowonetsera thanzi.
Kufufuza ndi Kuyeza Screening
Kuyeza kwachipatala kungapangidwe pofuna kulingalira kapena kuyerekezera, malinga ndi kuti wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda omwe ali nawo.
Cholinga cha kafukufuku wa zachipatala ndikumatsimikizira kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda mwa munthu ndi zizindikiro za matenda. Chiyeso cha kuyezetsa chikhoza kuchitanso kuti muthe kuyesa kuyezetsa bwino kuyesera. Zotsatirazi ndi zitsanzo za mayesero opatsirana:
- Kuyesedwa kwa mtima wa mtima kukuyang'ana matenda a mtima mwa munthu amene ali ndi kupweteka pachifuwa
- Chifuwa cha X-ray kuyang'ana chibayo mkati mwa munthu amene ali ndi chifuwa ndi malungo
- Kuchuluka kwa magazi kumayang'ana magazi m'thupi mwa munthu wokhala ndi kutopa
- Chiwerewere cha m'mawere mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi osazolowereka
Cholinga cha kuyezetsa magazi ndikutulukira matenda asanatuluke kuti zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro ziwonekere kuti athe kulandira mankhwala oyambirira.
Zotsatirazi ndi zitsanzo za mayesero oyesera ovomerezedwa ndi bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force:
- Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, kapena stool test kuti azindikire khansa yoyipa pakati pa anthu achikulire zaka 50 kapena kupitirira omwe alibe zizindikiro za matenda.
- Kuyezetsa magazi kwa achinyamata komanso akuluakulu a zaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 65 omwe alibe zizindikiro za HIV.
- Kuyezetsa matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya magazi (omwe amachiritsidwa kapena osatetezedwa) oposa 135/80 mm Hg
- Kuyezetsa matenda a sickle cell mu makanda
Kuyeza kuyesera kumakhala kosalekeza kuti pitirize kuteteza chitetezo chawo. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya khansara ya chiberekero-yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi papillomavirus (HPV) -kudziwoneka bwino tsopano kungathandizidwe ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kafukufuku wa Pap komanso HPV DNA. Zotsatira zaposachedwapa za phunziro zikuwonetsa kuti kuyesa kwa HPV kumakhala kovuta. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ziyenera kukhala zipangizo zamakono zowonetsera.
Kodi Chiyeso Chabwino Choyesa Kuchita N'chiyani?
Chifukwa chakuti tili ndi mayeso ovuta kuti tiwone matenda kapena zosachitika, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mayeserowa ndi oyenera kuwunika. Mwachitsanzo, kujambula kwa thupi lonse kudzazindikira zolakwika pakati pa anthu ambiri, koma sizingakonzedwe ngati kuyesa kufufuza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Kafukufuku ndi woyenera kufufuza ngati akuchitidwa moyenera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mafunso okhudzana ndi matenda omwewo, anthu amene ali ndi matendawa, ndi mankhwala omwe alipo.
Wilson ndi Jungner analongosola zoyenera pa pulogalamu yabwino yowonetsera papepala lawo lodziwika bwino la 1968.
Bungwe Loona za Umoyo pa Dziko Lonse linakhazikitsanso mfundo khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zidayamba kukhala maziko a zokambirana zambiri zokhudzana ndi mapulojekiti lero.
- Chikhalidwe chofunidwa chiyenera kukhala vuto lalikulu la thanzi.
- Payenera kukhala chithandizo chovomerezedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ozindikiridwa.
- Malo ogwiritsira ntchito matenda ndi mankhwala ayenera kukhalapo.
- Pakuyenera kukhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kapena choyambirira.
- Payenera kukhala mayeso oyenera kapena kufufuza.
- Chiyeso chiyenera kuvomerezedwa kwa anthu.
- Mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha mkhalidwewu, kuphatikizapo chitukuko kuchokera ku latentha mpaka kufalitsa matenda, iyenera kumvetsetsedwa bwino.
- Payenera kukhazikitsidwa ndondomeko yomwe amavomerezedwa pa yemwe ayenera kuchiza monga odwala.
- Mtengo wofufuza (kuphatikizapo matenda ndi chithandizo cha odwala omwe amapezeka) ayenera kukhala osaganizira bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama zonse.
- Kufufuza milandu kuyenera kukhala njira yopitilira osati ntchito "kamodzi kokha"
Dziwani kuti zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikuyang'ana pa yeseso palokha, koma m'malo mwake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati ngakhale chimodzi mwazifukwa sichikugwirizana, ndiye kuti mwayi ndi wotsika kwambiri kuti mayesero owonetsetsa athandizidwe adzasintha thanzi la anthu.
Kusinthika kwa Zithunzi Zowunika
Wilson ndi Jungner sanafune kuti zomwe akufunazo zikhale yankho lomalizira, koma kuti azilimbikitsa kukambirana. Technology ikupitiriza kupitilira, kutithandiza kuti tiwone matenda ambiri ndikumayambiriro. Koma kuzindikira kwa matenda kapena kusalongosoka sikumapangitsa kuti thanzi likhale labwino. (Mwachitsanzo, kodi kupindula kwa matenda ndi kotani ngati palibe mankhwala?) Njira zoyenerera zowunikira zakonzedwa kuti ziwerengere zovuta za matendawa lero.
Kuyezetsa magazi kumakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyerekezera padera. Pali mayesero ambiri a ma geneeni omwe alipo tsopano, ndipo odziwa ntchito zoyambilira amafunika kuwalangiza odwala awo kuti athe kusankha bwino. Akatswiri ena amachenjeza kuti mayesero sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Odwala amafunika kudziwa za ubwino ndi zoopsa asanawagwire. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi chibadwa cha mtundu wina akhoza kupindula kwambiri pokambirana ndi zigawo zina za thanzi lawo, monga zakudya, zachilengedwe, ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Funso lofunika kwambiri kufunsa musanavomereze mayesero alionse kuti muyese kufufuza ndi "Kodi kuyesa kuyesera kumabweretsa thanzi labwino?"
> Zotsatira:
> Anne Andermann et al. Kubwereza Wilson ndi Jungner mu Genomic Age: Kubwereza Zowunika Zowunika Pa Zaka Zaka 40 Zakale. Bulletin ya World Health Organization 2008; 86 (4): 241-320.
> Harris R et al. Kuganizira Zomwe Zilipo Poyesa Ndondomeko Yoyesera Kuwonetsa: Zomwe Zimayambira 4 Kuyambira Kale ndi Omwe Ali M'gulu la Ogwira Ntchito Zowonongeka ku United States. Epidemiol Rev (2011) 33 (1): 20-35.
> Tota J, Bentley J, Ratnam S, et al. Kuyamba kwa Kufufuza kwa HPV monga Mapulogalamu Akuluakulu mu Kuyezetsa Khansa ya M'chiberekero: Kuchita Umboni pa Kusintha Paradigm Yamakono. Mankhwala Oletsa , 2017; 98 (Nkhani Yapadera: Maparadimenti Oyamba Kuyeza Kuyeza Kachiza): 5-14.
> US Preventive Services Task Force. Mayankho a USPSTF A ndi B. Malamulo a Wilson JMG ndi Jungner G. ndikuyesa kufufuza matenda. Zolemba za Zaumoyo za Anthu No. 34. Geneva: bungwe la zaumoyo padziko lonse; 1968.