Kusintha kwa Mphungu Mu COPD Yopindulitsa Kuthetsa Chisokonezo Cha Zizindikiro
COPD ndi matenda obisala m'mapapo omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya umene sungatheke. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimakhalapo chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa njira zowonongeka, njira ya matenda imayambitsa kusintha kwa mapapu, komwe kumakhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za COPD . Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino machinayi a kusintha kwa mapapu.
Kulepheretsa Kutuluka kwa Mpweya
Kuyambira nthawi yaitali, kutentha kwapansi, monga utsi wa fodya ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya , kumapangitsa mpweya kukhala wotupa ndi kutentha, kutsekereza mpweya wa mpweya kupita m'mapapo. Njira imeneyi, yomwe imatchulidwa ngati kuchepa kwa mpweya, imayamba kuipira pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, makamaka ngati kuwonetsedwa kwachisokonezo kumapitirirabe.
Kuperewera kwa kayendedwe ka ndege kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa mapulogalamu omwe amapezeka mu COPD monga momwe amayendera ndi spirometry . Kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa mpweya, m'munsi mwa FEV1 ndi FEV1 / FVC , mfundo ziwiri zomwe zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a m'mapapo akhale olepheretsa .
Kuthamanga kwa Air
Kutsekeka kwa pandege kumapangitsa mpweya wochuluka kukhala wotsekedwa m'mapapo panthawi yopuma. Mofanana ndi baluni yowonongeka kwambiri, kutsegula mpweya kumayambitsa hyperinflation m'mapapu , zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene munthu angathe kuwulemba. Pomwe mpweya ukupitirira, mpweya umachoka m'mapapo pambuyo pa kutuluka kwabwino ( mphamvu yotsalira mphamvu ) imakula, makamaka pa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anthu omwe ali ndi COPD amakhala ochepa kwambiri pa nthawi yochita maseĊµera olimbitsa thupi ndipo amakhala ochepa kuti athe kupirira ntchito yovuta.
Zosavuta mu Kusintha kwa Gasi
Pakatikati mwa mapapu pali alveoli , timango ting'onoting'ono ta mphesa kumene kusinthanitsa mpweya kumachitika. Mpweya wosungunuka uli ndi mpweya; Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya uli ndi carbon dioxide, zowononga kupuma.
Nthawi zambiri, mpweya umathamanga ndipo umayenda pansi pamapapo mpaka kupita ku alveoli. Kamodzi mu alveoli, imasiyana m'magazi momwe imayenderera kupyolera mu thupi kuti ikwaniritse ziwalo zonse zofunika. Kenaka, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umene umatengedwa ndi kusintha kwa magazi ndi mpweya, umasinthasintha mmbuyo kudzera mu alveoli, m'mapapu ndi kunja kwa mpweya umene umatsirizika kukhala wotayika. Mu mapapu abwino, kusinthanitsa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide kumakhala koyenera; Mu COPD, si. Kubwereza kuwonetsedwa kwachisokonezo kumawononga alveoli, kuwononga mphamvu ya kusinthanitsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa hypoxemia ndi hypercapnia , zonse zofala kwambiri ku COPD. Pamene nthendayi ikupita, kuwonongeka kwa kusinthanitsa kwa gasi kumafala kwambiri, kumayambitsa kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro , kulemala, ndi matenda aakulu.
Kupanga Mucus Wokwanira
Kuchulukanso kwa mankhwalawa kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono, kutsekeka kwa pandege, chifuwa chopatsa mphamvu ndi mpweya wochepa umene umakhala wa COPD. Zimathandizanso kwambiri pafupipafupi komanso nthawi yayitali ya bakiteriya matenda opatsirana.
Mucus ndi mankhwala othandizira omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo otsekemera ndi maselo a mucous a gland submucosal.
M'mapapu abwinobwino, maselo opukutira amakhala ochuluka kwambiri mu bronchi yaikulu, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero pamene akufika ku bronchioles ang'onoang'ono. Zozizira zamtunduwu zimangokhala zowonongeka kwambiri, koma zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pamene mpweyawo ndi wochepa kwambiri, umatheratu kwambiri mu bronchioles. Kawirikawiri, ntchentche imagwira ntchito yoteteza mafuta m'mapapo ndikuchotsa mitsinje yachilendo. Mu COPD, kupanga mavu , zambiri-kapena-pang'ono, imatembenukira paokha.
Pamene mapapu akupitilizidwa kumayendedwe a pamsewu, maselo opukutira akuwonjezeka mu chiwerengero cha glands ndi submucosal kukula kwa kukula kwake. Mwachidziwitso, zimakhala zovuta m'mabwalo ang'onoting'ono, kupatulapo maselo ofanana ndi maselo a cilia omwe amathandiza bwino kumphuka m'mapapo.
Pamene kupanga makasitomala akupita kuntchito yowonongeka ndi kuyendetsa ndege ndizovuta, ntchentche zimayambira kumadzimadzi, kumapangitsa chitetezo ndi malo okwanira kuti mabakiteriya azichulukana. Pamene mabakiteriya amakula mu chiwerengero, kachilombo ka bakiteriya kamapezeka kawiri kawiri kotsatiridwa ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwa COPD .
Kodi Mungatani?
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chithandizo cha COPD ndiko kutha kwa kusuta fodya . Kusiya kusuta kungathe kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mapapu komwe kungakhale kovuta kwambiri ngati kusuta kukupitirira.
Ngati simusuta fodya , onetsetsani kuti musapewe, kapena kuchepetsa, kuwonetsetsa kuzing'onong'ono zonse za pamsewu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kusuta fodya , kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kupewa kuwonjezereka kwa COPD n'kofunikanso pa kayendetsedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku kwa COPD. Odwala ambiri amanyalanyaza udindo wawo pa izi, koma pamene atengedwa, njira zothandizira zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonjezereka ndikusunga odwala kuti asatengeke kuchipatala.
Ngati simunayambe mwapezeka ndi COPD ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro, onani dokotala wanu kuti ayese mayeso a spirometry . Kufufuza koyambirira kwa COPD kumabweretsa chithandizo cham'mbuyomu ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwa omwe akulitsa matendawa.
Zotsatira:
Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Zowonongeka, Kuteteza, ndi Kupewa Matenda Ochepetsa Matenda. Mdziko Loyamba la Kuletsa Matenda a Mitsempha. Revised 2011.
Pambuyo pake, Toby J., ndi Broadley, Kenneth J. Goblet Cell Hyperplasia, Ntchito Yoyendayenda, ndi Kulowera kwa Leukocyte Pambuyo pa Lipopolysaccharide Yophiphiritsira Kuonekera kwa Nkhumba za Guinea: Zotsatira za Rolipram ndi Dexamethasone. JPET 302: 814-821, 2002.