Lymphocytes ndi ofunikira mu thanzi ndi matenda, ndipo nkhaniyi idzayamba kufufuza momwe. Koma choyamba, apa pali mndandanda wa zowonjezereka zowonjezera 10 zowonjezera lymphocyte, kuti muyambe.
Zinthu Zoposa 10 Zodziwa Zokhudza Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera (WBC).
- Lymphocytes ndi maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi komanso amathandiza kuthana ndi matenda.
- Lymphocytes amakhala m'magazi, komanso mumagazi ndi thupi lonse.
- Lymphocytes amabwera mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: B-maselo ndi T-maselo.
- Mankhwala osakanizika amagazi m'magazi angakhale ochepa kapena osakhalitsa.
- Ma lymphocytes ambiri m'magazi amatchedwa lymphocytosis.
- Mavitamini ochepa m'magazi amatchedwa lymphopenia.
- Lymphocytes angasandulike mwachisawawa kukhala matenda aakulu a khansa ya m'magazi , acybnablastic leukemia , ndi mitundu ina ya lymphoma .
- Lymphocytes imachokera ku maselo ofooka m'mafupa.
- T-lymphocytes akukula, kapena kukula, mu thymus, chiwalo mu khosi.
Kodi Thupi Lomwe Amapezeka M'thupi Ndani?
Aliyense ali ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi (RBCs) ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi (WBCs) pakuyenda kwawo. Ofiira amapereka magazi ake ndipo amawalandira kwambiri pa maphunziro a sayansi. Pamene RBC, kapena erythrocyte, imayendera njira zofunikira za okosijeni m'thupi, zimapereka mpweya wake ndikutenga carbon dioxide, ndiye amayendanso kumtima ndi m'mapapu kuti azitha kutengako mpweya komanso kuti atenge mpweya wambiri.
Mu maulendo ake, RBC imatha kukumana ndi ma WBC osiyanasiyana pambali, ndipo lymphocyte ndi imodzi mwa iwo.
Lymphocytes m'magazi a Blood
Ma CD ndiwo magwero akuluakulu a 'traffic pamsewu waukulu', ndiko kuti, ma CRBC ali ngati magalimoto anu, SUVs, pickups, ndi minivans paulendo uliwonse.
Paulendo uliwonse wamtunda, mumayang'ananso kuyang'ana magalimoto omwe simukuyenda nawo-mwachitsanzo, magalimoto 18, magalimoto omanga, U-Haul yekha, kapena mwinamwake wothandizira boma kapena awiri.
Magalimoto awa ndi magalimoto osagalimoto ali ngati a WBC anu omwe akuyenda: Iwo samapanga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, koma simudabwa kwambiri kuona wina.
Choncho, ma lymphocytes, mtundu wa WBC, amagwera mu gawo "lachilendo koma losazolowereka" mumtsinje wa magazi. Onani kuti ma lymphocytes ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya WBC, komanso kuti ma lymphocytes, omwe amapezeka, amapezeka mosiyana, monga momwe mungakhalire ndi asilikali apolisi ndi apolisi apanyumba, onse pamsewu waukulu womwewo. Zonsezi ndi magalimoto apolisi, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo.
Lymphocytes Kunja kwa Mwazi Wamagazi, mu Zovala Zamadzimadzi
Ngati mutadutsa mumsewu waukulu ndi mwangozi mumalo olemera, mungapezeke pakati pa 18-wheels ndipo mwinamwake magalimoto apolisi ochepa. Izi ndizomwe zingakhale ngati kulowa mu thupi la thupi lanu monga selo lofiira m'magazi: simukuyenera kukhalapo. Lymph system ndi dongosolo la njira-zitsulo zamakono-momwe ma WBCs monga ma lymphocytes anu ndiwo amodzi omwe ali ndi maselo.
Njirazi sizili kutali kwambiri ndi misewu yayikuru ndi mitsempha yomwe ili ndi ma RBC, koma ndizosiyana zawo. Ma CD siwoyenera kukhala m'mitsinje iyi, ndipo ngati ali, angasonyeze kukhumudwa kwina kapena zosachitika zina.
Lymphocytes mu Lymph Nodes
Zilonda zam'mimba zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nyemba zomwe nthawi zina zimatuluka pamphuno mwanu pamatenda opuma, monga mwachitsanzo. Zilonda zamakono zingatengedwe kuti ndi "maimidwe a magalimoto a lymphatic system". 'Magalimoto amasiya' amapezeka pamtunda wa lymph highway, mofanana kwambiri, momwe ma lymphocytes angayang'anire ndi kukhala nthawi, kufufuza mlengalenga .
Mabungwe angakhale pafupi, popeza ngakhale chinthu chochepa ngati maselo amphongo amafunikira magazi, koma ndi maselo a maselo am'thupi, maselo a chitetezo, omwe amalowamo ndi kukhala mu mitsempha yambiri, ndipo maselo oyera amagazi. Mankhwala am'kati ndi maselo amasiyana; Zina mwa ma WBC monga ma lymphocytes ndi macrophages amatha 'kudutsa pamakoma' kuti apite kumbuyo ndi pakati pakati pa kayendedwe kake ka mitsempha. Ma WBC amatha kuchoka machitidwe onse ozungulira ndi amphine, kuti ayenderere mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, monga gawo la ntchito zawo nthawi zonse kapena momwe zosowa zingafunike.
Lymphocytes mu Magazi, Lymph, ndi Mabungwe ndi Tissues
Kuti mumve mwachidule, ma lymphocytes ndi amodzi a mtundu wa WBC umene ungapezeke m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha yanu, m'thupi lanu. Koma ma lymphocyte amatha kupezeka kwinakwake m'thupi - m'makina am'mimba ndi maselo am'mimba a thupi lanu.
Kuonjezerapo, iwo amapezekanso kupezeka thupi lonse mu ntchentche, matani, m'matumbo, ndi muzitsulo za airways, mwachitsanzo. Pano pali ma lymphocytes omwe amawatcha "minofu ya lymphoid." Matenda ena omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi amtumbo ali m'matumbo, m'madera omwe amatchedwa Peyer's Patches. Ma lymphocytes ali okonzedweratu kwambiri mmadera awa, muzinthu zotchedwa follicles. Kumeneku, ma lymphocyte amapanga mbali yofunikira ya chitetezo cha mthupi poyang'anira mabakiteriya omwe amakhala m'matumbo, kuteteza kukula kwa mabakiteriya oipa m'matumbo.
Imodzi mwa malo okondweretsa kwambiri kuti mupeze ma lymphocytes m'thupi ndi chiwalo chodziwika ngati mpeni . Muzinthu zina, ntchentche ili ngati lymph node yaikulu. Pofuna kuchepetsa nthendayi kuchitetezo cha mthupi kungakhale chosalungama komabe chiwalo ichi chimapanga zinthu zambiri panthawi imodzi, kuphatikizapo kusungirako zambiri zamapuloleteni zomwe zimathandiza magazi anu kutseka, komanso kuchotsa mabungwe akuluakulu ndi okalamba kuchoka m'magazi.
Kodi Lymphocytes Amayang'ana Bwanji?
Anthu ambiri kumalo ochizira amayamba kuyang'anitsitsa lymphocyte weniweni poyang'anitsitsa mu chipangizo cha microscope mububu kwinakwake. Pamene dontho la magazi limatengedwa ndi kuikidwa pa slide ndi kuchiritsidwa ndi madontho oyenera, mukhoza kuona ma lymphocyte nthawi ndi nthawi, pakati pa maselo ofiira onse.
- Lymphocytes ndi zazikulu kuposa maselo ofiira a m'magazi (RBCs)
- Lymphocytes ndi ochepa powerengeka, kapena osachepera, kuposa ma RBC.
- Ma Lymphocytes si aakulu monga monocytes a magazi, mtundu wina wa WBC.
- Mosiyana ndi maselo ofiira a m'magazi, omwe alibe chiyambi mwa anthu, ma lymphocytes amawoneka ngati ali ndi pathupi-monga dzira lokazinga lokhala loyera kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi lonse la yolk. Komabe, ndi banga loyenera, yolk kapena khungu la lymphocyte nthawi zambiri limakhala lofiirira, pamene dzira loyera kapena cytoplasm ndi lofiira kwambiri.
Kodi Lymphocytes Zimapangidwa Kuti?
Monga maselo onse a magazi, onse ofiira ndi oyera, ma lymphocytes amayamba ulendo wawo mu fupa la fupa. Munthu akabadwa, mafupa amatha kukhala ngati fakitale yopanga maselo atsopano a magazi. Lymphocytes amabwera mu mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu, T-maselo ndi maselo B. Zonsezi ndi ma lymphocytes, koma ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
T-lymphocytes, zimatuluka, zimakhala ndi nkhani yapadera zokhudzana ndi chiyambi chawo-nkhani yomwe imasonyeza ntchito zawo zovuta kwambiri ngati maselo akuluakulu. The 'T' mu T-maselo kwenikweni amaimira thymus , pamene 'B' mu B-maselo amatanthauza fupa la mafupa.
Maselo anu oyera amagazi onse amapangidwa m'mafupa, koma kagawo kakang'ono ka maselo omwe amapanga magazi amachoka ku fupa la mafupa kupita ku thymus, kumene amaphunzitsa kuti akhale T-lymphocytes. Maselo apamwamba amapereka malo abwino, okhala ndi maselo ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi, kuti atulutse bwino T-maselo bwino. Thymus imaonetsetsa kuti maselowa akukula kuti akhale ndi 'zida' kapena zizindikiro pamtundu wa selo. Palinso ndondomeko yosankha ndi kusamba. Anthu opulumukawo amasiyana kwambiri ndi ma CD (+ CD8 + kapena CD4 +) T-lymphocytes ndipo amatha masiku pafupifupi 10 kumalo ena a thymus, kumene amaphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pa 'odziimira' ndi olemba alendo. Pambuyo pa njira yovutayi, ma T-maselo amatha kuchoka ku thymus ndikuchita ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana m'thupi la chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kodi Lymphocytes Zimatani?
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa B-maselo ndi T-maselo, ngakhale kuti onse ali ndi lymphocytes. B-maselo ndi T-maselo akugwirizana ndi "madera" osiyanasiyana a chitetezo cha mthupi. Chigawo chimodzi cha chitetezo cha mthupi-chachikulu kwambiri cha B-selo-chimayambitsa kupanga ma antibodies omwe angamangirire kwa adani achilendo ndikuwatsogolera. Mbali ina ya chitetezo cha mthupi-yomwe ndi T-selo yaikulu kwambiri m'gawo-imayang'ana pakuzindikira adaniwo ndiyeno nkuwapha mwachindunji, kupyolera mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yomwe imatsogolera ku selo-to-cell nkhondo. Mitsuko iwiriyi kapena magawowa akufotokozedwa ndi mawu enieni. Magulu ankhondo, kapena mbali yothandizira anthu, amadziwika kuti humoral immunity . Kachilombo kameneka, kapenanso selo-to-cell nkhondo, amadziwika kuti ndipatetezedwe .
B-maselo ndiwo maselo omwe amabwera m'maganizo akamaganizira za ma antibodies, kapena chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi T-maselo omwe amayamba kukumbukira pamene akuganiza za kumenyana ndi maselo, cytotoxicity, kapena kutchedwa chitetezo chokhazikitsa maselo . Kunena zoona, nthawi zambiri kumagwirizanirana pakati pa B-maselo ndi T-maselo, monga momwe kulili mgwirizano pakati pa iwo omwe amawotcha matope ndi maulendo.
B-maselo okhwima mu fupa la mafupa ndikupita kumalo amanjenje. B-maselo amakhala maselo a plasma kapena maselo okumbukira pamene ma antigen achilendo amawathandiza; ma B-maselo ambiri amakhala maselo a plasma opanga mankhwala. Ena amangokhala ngati maselo okumbukira. Maselo a Memory B amatithandiza kutsimikizira kuti mdani akadzakumananso mtsogolomu, zidazo zakonzedwa. Maselo a plasma amapezeka m'magulu am'mimba komanso kumalo ena m'thupi, kumene amagwira ntchito kuti apange magulu akuluakulu a ma antibodies. Pamene ma antibodies akamasulidwa m'magazi ndi mitsempha, maselo a antibody amenewa amamangirirako kuti asayambe kukonza kapena kusokoneza wachilendo.
T-maselo okhwima mu thymus ndikusiyanitsa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maselo T, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Maselo a T cytotoxic amatenga ndi kulunjika mwachindunji alendo monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi maselo a khansa.
- Maselo othandizira T amatenga maselo ena a chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kupanga chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Ma cell T olamulira amayenera kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi kotero kuti sichikwiyitsa (monga momwe chimakhalira ndi matenda okhaokha), komabe mbali zazikulu za biology ya maselo amenewa sizikhala zinsinsi ndipo zimapitiriza kutsutsana kwambiri.
- Opha zachilengedwe T (NKT) maselo sali chimodzimodzi ndi maselo achilengedwe, koma ali nawo ofanana. Maselo a NKT ndi maselo a T cytotoxic omwe amayenera kukonzedweratu ndi kusiyanitsa kuti agwire ntchito yawo. Mankhwala achilengedwe (NK) ndi maselo a NKT ndi magulu a lymphocytes omwe amagwirizana nawo. Onse awiri angayankhe mwamsanga kupezeka kwa maselo otupa komanso kutenga nawo mbali pamagulu oteteza chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Maselo Akumtima A kukumbukira zolemba pamwamba pa mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena maselo a khansa omwe awona kale.
Lymphocytes ku Lymphoma
Tsopano kuti mumadziwika bwino ndi ma lymphocytes, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana, ndi malo omwe akugwedezeka, tiyeni tiwone momwe zonsezi zimakhudzira lymphoma.
Lymphoma imachitika pamene ma lymphocytes amakula ndikuchulukana mosalekeza. Khansara imachitika panthawi ina pakukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphocytes. Khansa ya mitsempha ya khansa imatha kupita kumadera ambiri a thupi, kuphatikizapo mitsempha, nthenda, mafupa, magazi, kapena ziwalo zina, ndipo zimatha kupanga thupi lonse pamalo amodzi, otchedwa chotupa.
Chifukwa chakuti ma lymphocyte wathanzi amatha kusuntha ndi kukhalapo pa malo osiyanasiyana m'thupi, lingaliro la metastasis (lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mitundu yambiri ya khansa) silimagwira ntchito bwino mu lymphoma. Maselo a Lymphoma angapezeke m'matumbo a mitsempha ndipo mwinamwake mumphuno. Simungatchule kuti metastasis, chifukwa nthendayo ndi chiwalo chimene amapezeka kuti ali ndi lymphocytes wathanzi. Choncho pambali ya lymphoma, palinso chinenero chosiyana chomwe chakhala chikufotokozera kukula kwa matenda.
Mankhwala ambiri am'mimba amayamba m'mimba, koma maimfine amatha kukhala paliponse m'thupi. Pamene lymphoma imayamba kunja kwa mitsempha yotchedwa lymph node, imatchedwa primary extranodal matenda . Pamene lymphoma imayambira mu mitsempha yam'mimba koma imakula ndi kufalikira kuti iphatikize zina, imatchedwa kuti extranodal involvement kapena secondary extranodal matenda. Mosiyana ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa, kunena kuti khansa ya prostate imakhala ndi ziwalo zina monga mafupa, kufalikira kwa lymphoma kumalo ena opangidwa ndi mitsempha sikuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu.
B-cell Lymphomas ndi T-cell Lymphomas
Mitundu ikuluikulu ikuluikulu ya lymphoma, Hodgkin ndi Hodgkin lymphoma , imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mbiri ya zomwe anapeza kuposa china chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi ma lymphocytes. Izi zinati, mtundu wa lymphoma umene Thomas Hodgkin anapeza unali ngati lymphoma yomwe imapezeka m'maselo a mbali ya B-lymphocyte ya banja. Ndi maselo ena osakhala a Hodgkin, mukhoza kukhala ndi B-cell lymphomas kapena T-cell lymphomas. Ngati B-cell lymphoma si mtundu wa Hodgkin, ndiye kuti amadziwika kuti B-cell osati Hodgkin lymphoma, kapena B-NHL. Mankhwala ambiri a NHL onse amapezeka kuti ndi amphmasi a ma Bymphocyte B. T-cell lymphomas nkhani pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya NHLs zonse ku United States. Monga momwe zilili ndi B-cell zamatenda, pali mitundu yambiri ya B-cell lymphomas.
> Zotsatira:
> Zotsatira za NCCN zowunikira zowonjezereka m'magulu oncology. Mafupa a Non-Hodgkin. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Ipezeka pa http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf.
> SEER Zotsatira za khansa Mapepala: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. National Cancer Institute: Kuwunika, Epidemiology, ndi Mapeto a Mapulogalamu. Ipezeka pa http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html.
> Stein H, Bob R. Kodi Hodgkin lymphoma ndibenso B-cell lymphoma? Curr Hematol Malig Rep . 2009 Jul; 4 (3): 125-8.