Vuto la immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa ndi kuwononga mitundu ina ya maselo oyera ( CD4 + T-maselo ) mwa anthu. Kutaya kwa maselo oyera a magazi amenewa kumabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, khansa, ndi mavuto ena. Masiku ano, pali anthu oposa 30 miliyoni padziko lonse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, okhala ndi oposa 1 million mwa iwo omwe amakhala ku United States.
Pamene kachirombo ka HIV kankadziwika koyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, matendawa anapita mofulumira kupita ku matenda omwe amatenga matenda a immunodeficiency (AIDS) mwa anthu ambiri omwe anadwala. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, kupereka mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana kunachepetsanso kapenanso kuteteza kuti HIV ifike ku Edzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ndi moyo wautali ndipo akukulitsa matenda ena omwe amapezeka kwa anthu omwe alibe kachirombo ka HIV, monga matenda osiyanasiyana .
Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amapeza zowonjezereka?
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amadziwika kuti ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka (IgE) , makamaka pamene magulu a CD4 + T-selo akugwa. Maseŵera apamwambawa a m'magazi sangakhale owonetsa kuwonjezereka kwa chifuwa , komabe, koma mwinamwake ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonjezereka kwa thupi laumadzi chifukwa cha B-cell malingaliro . Mankhwala a IgE amayang'aniridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo HIV), m'malo molimbana ndi matendawa.
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu, komabe, kuphatikizapo nthendayi (fever fever) , chifuwa cha mankhwala ndi mphumu .
Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa njira zowononga zowononga, ndi zizindikiro zambiri za matenda osokoneza bongo.
Chiwopsezo cha Fever mu Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amasonyeza chiwerengero chachikulu cha zizindikiro za minofu, ndi maphunziro omwe akuwonetsa 66% akudandaula za zizindikiro za mthupi za m'mimba komanso oposa theka la anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe ali ndi umboni wa sinusitis .
Kafukufuku wina amasonyezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zowononga khungu , poyerekezera ndi anthu omwe alibe kachirombo ka HIV.
Chithandizo cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi ofanana ndi anthu omwe alibe HIV. Ngati kupewera kwa allergen sikutheka, mankhwala opatsirana ndi antihistamines , nasal steroid sprays , ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Mankhwala otchedwa Allergen immunotherapy , kapena kuti zizindikiro zowononga , ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachilombo ka HIV kuyambira pamene zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi pogwiritsa ntchito immunotherapy sichidziwika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwina chifukwa cha kusokoneza machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi ndizofunika makamaka kwa trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), yomwe imakhala ndi antibiotic yokhala ndi sulfa . Zotsatira zolakwika kwa TMP-SMX zimachitika pakati pa theka la anthu omwe ali ndi HIV (poyerekezera ndi anthu osachepera 10% omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV). Mwamwayi, kukhumudwa kwa TMP-SMX mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri kumawoneka bwino, komwe kawirikawiri kumafunika kuteteza ndi kuchiza matenda omwe anthu ambiri ali nawo.
Chinthu china chimene anthu ambiri amachiwona kuti ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi a ARV mankhwala abacavir.
Abacavir ndi nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor yomwe ingayambitse matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa 5-8% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Pali chiwerengero cha chibadwa cha abacavir hypersensitivity chomwe chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi musanayambe munthu kutenga abacavir. Ngati munthu alibe jini lomwe likugwirizana ndi zomwe akuchita, ndiye abacavir akhoza kutengedwa mosamala.
Chifuwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
Kuchiza kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kwachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mavuto a m'mapapu akuwoneka mwa odwalawa. Amuna omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV asonyezedwa m'maphunziro kuti akhale ndi miyeso yapamwamba poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka kwa iwo akusuta fodya.
Ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akulandira mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amasonyezeranso kuwonjezeka kwa mphumu poyerekeza ndi ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV osamwa mankhwala ochepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kusokonezeka kwambiri ndi utsi wa fodya, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana pofuna kuteteza HIV kumateteza kuperewera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chingapangitse chiwopsezo cha matenda opweteka monga asthma. Kuchiza matenda a mphumu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikofanana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ngakhale kuti oral corticosteroids iyenera kupeŵa ngati kuli kotheka, chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Chitsime:
Stokes SC, Tankersley MS. HIV: Zopindulitsa Zopindulitsa pa Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kachilomboka. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 2011; 107: 1-8.