Kuyang'ana pa makalasi osiyana a mankhwala monga antibiotics, NSAIDs, ndi Statins
Gulu la mankhwala kapena mankhwala amadzi ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe angagwire ntchito mofananamo, ali ndi mankhwala ofanana, kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda omwewo. Mu kalasi ya mankhwala, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amayang'ana mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni kwambiri. Maphunzirowa ndi magulu akuluakulu ndipo mankhwala amatha kupezeka m'gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati ali ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zosiyana.
Nazi zitsanzo za magulu angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Maantibayotiki
Maantibayotiki ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya. Ma antibiotic ena omwe amalembedwa kawirikawiri ndi amoxicillin ndi Zithromax (azithromycin). Maantibayotiki amachokera ku mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwale. Zingathe kukhazikitsidwa mwadongosolo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maantibayotiki kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Beta-lactam, monga penicillin, cephalosporins, ndi carbapenems, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo asamangidwe
- Mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa mapuloteni, monga macrolides, tetracyclines, linezolid, ndi lincosamides
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo trimethoprim ndi sulfonamides
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amasokoneza bakiteriya nucleic acid synthesis, monga quinolones ndi rifampin
Nthawi zambiri, maantibayotiki akhoza kukhala bacteriostatic kapena bacteriocidal. Maantibayotiki a bacteriostatic amasiya kusiyana kwa maselo ndi kukula kwa maselo.
Mabakiteriya a antibiotic amapha mabakiteriya mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, rifampin ndi mankhwala a bacteriocidal pamene maantibayotiki omwe amaletsa mapuloteni akhoza kukhala bacteriocidal kapena bacteriostatic.
Kudetsa nkhaŵa
Kudetsa nkhaŵa ndi kalasi ya mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda ovutika maganizo. Mavuto ena omwe amalembedwa kawirikawiri ndi Lexapro (escitalopram) ndi Zoloft (sertraline).
Iwo amaganiza kuti amagwira ntchito mwa kusintha momwe mankhwala mu ubongo wotchedwa neurotransmitters amatsitsimutsa mtima. Iwo amawerengedwanso ndi njira zomwe zimakhudzira ubongo ndi momwe amachitira zimenezi.
- Kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): Kuphatikizapo Prozac (fluoxetine). Mankhwalawa amathandiza kukweza chizindikiro cha serotonin.
- Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Chiphatikizapo Effexor (venlafaxine). Mankhwalawa amathandiza kukweza chizindikiro cha norepinephrine.
- Matenda a Tricyclic (TCAs): Amaphatikizapo Elavil (amitriptyline): Mankhwala awa amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zonse za serotonin ndi norepinephrine ziwonetsedwe komanso zimakhudza amithenga ena, omwe amachititsa zotsatira.
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Amaphatikizapo Nardil (phenelzine). Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti thupi lisagwetsedwe.
Mankhwala Osakaniza Mankhwala Opanda Matenda (NSAIDs)
Mankhwala otsutsana ndi kutupa ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ndi antipyretic (anti-fever). NSAID zonse zimagwira ntchito polepheretsa mavitamini a cyclooxygenase ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa-over-the-counter formulations. Zitsanzo za NSAID zimaphatikizapo ibuprofen ndi aspirin. Ngakhale kuti NSAID ndi mbali zambiri zotetezeka kutenga, zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.
Mwachitsanzo, aspirin amachititsa kuti m'mimba azikwiyitsa m'mimba komanso akhoza kutulutsa mwazi.
Opioids
Opioids ndi kalasi ya mankhwala omwe amachokera ku opiamu mwachibadwa. Opiamu imakololedwa kuchokera ku poppy Papaver somniferum . Kawirikawiri, morphine wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala. Zitsanzo zina za opioids ndi codeine, heroin, ndi hydrocodone. Kuwonjezera apo, pali opioid zokwanira, kuphatikizapo meperidine, fentanyl, methadone, ndi butorphanol. Opioids amayamba kusakanikirana ndi aspirin kapena acetaminophen pofuna kupwetekedwa bwino (taganizirani Vicodin kapena Norco).
Opioids amagwira ntchito poletsa kutulutsa mpweya wotsegula m'mitsempha, motero amachititsa kupweteka.
Opioid imapangitsanso kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso ndi kudalira ena kwakhala vuto lalikulu, ndipo anthu ambiri sagwiritsira ntchito molakwa mavoti onse a mankhwala ndi mankhwala opioids. Toxicity akhoza kupha pogwiritsa ntchito kupuma maganizo.
Statins
Statins ndi kalasi ya mankhwala omwe amaletsa cholesterol m'chiwindi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol. Malamulo ena omwe amalembedwa kawirikawiri ndi Lipitor (atorvastatin) ndi Zocor (simvastatin).
Zotsatira
Albertson TE. Mutu 119. Opiates ndi Opioid. Mu: Olson KR. eds. Kuchepetsa & Kudyetsa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, 6e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2012.
Gasbarre CC, Schmitt SK, Tomecki KJ. Mutu 230. Antibiotics. Mu: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, DJ Leffell, Wolff K. Eds. Dermatology ya Fitzpatrick mu General Medicine, 8e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2012.