Moyo wa hafu wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana umasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Palibe mankhwala omwe amakhalabe mu dongosolo lanu kwamuyaya. Mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nthawi yomwe imatenga mankhwala kuti ichepe ndi theka la mchere wa m'magazi (magazi) amatchedwa hafu ya moyo (t 1/2 ). (Kutsimikizira kuti tikukamba za moyo wa moyo wachinsinsi ndizofunikira chifukwa nusu ya moyo ndi lingaliro losadziwika kwa mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mu nyukiliya ya nyukiliya, moyo wa theka umatanthawuza kuwonongeka kwa radio.)
Kawirikawiri, kufufuza kwa theka la moyo kumasonyeza mankhwala a pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics imatanthawuza za momwe mankhwala amagwiritsira ntchito thupi - kulowa, kufalitsa ndi kuthetsa. Onse osamalidwa ndi madokotala ndi madokotala amakhala ndi moyo wa theka ngati miyala. Komabe, monga ogwiritsira ntchito bwino, ndibwino kuti aliyense adziwe pang'ono za miyoyo ya theka.
Miyoyo ya Half-Life
Pano pali ndondomeko ya hafu ya moyo:
T = 2 = [(0.693) (Kuchuluka kwa Kugawa)] / Kuchokera
Monga momwe tawonetseratu, gawo la mankhwala osokoneza bongo limadalira mwachindunji kuchuluka kwake kwa kufalitsa kapena kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kumeneku kufalikira mthupi lonse. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mankhwalawa amagawanika kwambiri m'thupi lanu, motalikirana kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, mankhwalawa ndi theka la moyo ndidadalira chidziwitso cha thupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati chiwerengero cha mankhwala a mankhwalawa ndi apamwamba, ndiye kuti theka la moyo ndi lalifupi.
Zindikirani, mankhwala amatsuka ndi impso zanu komanso chiwindi.
Zitsanzo za Half-Life
Pano pali mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi miyoyo yawo:
- Oxycodone (mankhwala opweteka): maola awiri kapena atatu
- Zoloft (wodetsa nkhaŵa): maola 26
- Phenobarbital (mankhwala osokoneza bongo): maola 53 mpaka 118
- Celebrex (NSAID kapena mankhwala opweteka): maola 11.2
Kinetics
Monga mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a pharmacokinetics, moyo wa theka umagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyamba ndi kinetics. Kinetics yoyamba imatanthawuza kuti kuchotsa mankhwala kumadalira mlingo woyamba wa mankhwala. Ndi mlingo wapamwamba, mankhwala ambiri amachotsedwa. Mankhwala ambiri amatsatira kinetics yoyamba.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi kinetics amachotsedwa mwachindunji. Mowa ndi chitsanzo cha mankhwala omwe amachotsedwa ndi zero-order kinetics. Zindikirani, pamene njira yothetsera mankhwala imakhala yodzaza, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi kuwonjezera pa zakumwa, mankhwala omwe amatsatira kinetics yoyamba amasintha ku kinetics.
Zaka
Kwa anthu achikulire, theka la moyo wa mankhwala osungunuka bwino (mafuta-osungunuka ndi mafuta) amawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuchulukitsitsa kwa kufalitsa. Anthu okalamba amakhala ndi minofu yambiri kusiyana ndi achinyamata. Ukalamba, komabe, uli ndi zotsatira zocheperachepera pa chilolezo cha hepatic ndi renal. Chifukwa cha theka la moyo wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, anthu achikulire amafunika mlingo wocheperapo kapena wocheperako wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kusiyana ndi achinyamata. Pazinthu zowonjezereka, anthu omwe ali olemera amakhala ndi kapamwamba kogawidwa, komanso.
Ndi mautumiki opitirira (mwachitsanzo BID kapena double-day-day dosing), atatha pafupifupi theka la miyoyo ya theka, mankhwala akufika pamtanda wokhazikika komwe mankhwala omwe amachotsedwa ndi oyenerera ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo.
Chifukwa chomwe mankhwala amatengera nthawi kuti "agwire ntchito" ndi chifukwa chakuti akufunika kuti afike pamtenderewu. Pazifukwa zina, zimatenganso miyoyo pakati pa anayi ndi asanu ndi theka kuti awononge mankhwala anu.
Kuwonjezera pa kulingalira mosamala kwa anthu achikulire amene amatha kumwa mankhwala osapitirira theka la miyoyo, anthu omwe ali ndi ufulu komanso zofunikirako ayenera kuchitidwa mosamala ndi madokotala awo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba amatha kukhala ndi poizoni kuchokera ku digoxin, mankhwala a mtima, patatha sabata imodzi ya chithandizo mpaka 0.25 mg tsiku kapena kuposerapo.
Zotsatira:
Hilmer SN, Ford GA. Mutu 8. Mfundo Zambiri za Pharmacology. Mu: Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S. eds. Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology, 6e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2009.
Holford NG. Mutu 3. Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Malingaliro Amalingaliro & Nthawi Yopangira Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo. Mu: Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 12e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2012.
Morgan DL, DJ Borys. Mutu 47. Poizoni. Mu: Stone C, Humphries RL. eds. Kufufuza Kachilendo ndi Kuchiza Mankhwala Odzidzimutsa, 7e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2011.
Murphy N, Murray PT. Critical Care Pharmacology. Mu: Hall JB, Schmidt GA, Kress JP. eds. Mfundo Zothandiza Kusamala, 4e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2015.
Roden DM. Mfundo za Clinic Pharmacology. Mu: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mfundo za Harrison za Internal Medicine, 19e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2015.