Pali zizolowezi zambiri, koma palibe anthu awiri omwe ali ofanana
Matenda otsika ndi achilendo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chromosome 21. Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu 700 amabadwa ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Ngakhale kuti ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi zidziwitso komanso mavuto omwe akudwala, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Mavuto awo oti akhale ndi mavuto ena azachipatala, amalingaliro ndi aumunthu angakhale apamwamba, koma mankhwalawa amakhala ofanana ndi mavutowa ngati amapezeka kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome kapena omwe alibe matenda a Down syndrome.
N'zosatheka kunena zomwe zizindikiro za matenda a pansi zidzatanthauza munthu aliyense, pali ziwalo zina za thupi, mavuto azachipatala, ndi kuchedwa kwachitukuko komwe kumakhudza anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Makhalidwe Omwe Amakhalapo Pakati pa Amene Ali Ndi Matenda Aakulu
Pakadali pano, anthu odwala matenda a Down syndrome akufotokozedwa mosiyana ndi zana 120, zosiyana ndi zachipatala, ndi zamaganizo. Ana onse ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi nkhope zina, maonekedwe, mavuto azachipatala, ndi kuchedwa kwa chidziwitso.
Zochitika ndi mavuto azachipatala omwe amapezeka ndi Down syndrome amasiyana kwambiri. Zina mwazochitika ndizo:
- Mfupi yochepa
- Kulemala kwaumwini
- Kuchedwa kuchedwa
- Ziphuphu za mtima
- Matenda a chithokomiro
- Mkhosi ndi zala
Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amatha kufotokozera nkhope ndi nkhope monga nkhope yapamwamba, maso, makutu ang'onoang'ono, ndi lilime lalikulu kapena lotuluka. Pa kubadwa, makanda omwe ali ndi Down syndrome nthawi zambiri amawoneka "floppy" chifukwa cha matenda otchedwa hypotonia (kutsika kwa minofu).
Ngakhale kuti hypotonia ikhoza kumakhala bwino komanso nthawi zambiri imakhala ikukula ndi mankhwala, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amatha kufika poyambira-monga kukhala, kukwera, ndi kuyenda-mochedwa kuposa ana ena.
Pa kubadwa, ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome nthawi zambiri amakhala aakulu, koma amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala ochepa kuposa ana ena a msinkhu wawo. Kwa makanda, kutsika kwa minofu kumathandiza kuchepetsa mavuto ndi kuchepetsa magalimoto. Ana ang'ono ndi ana okalamba amatha kuchedwa kulankhula ndi maluso monga kuphunzira kudyetsa, kuvala, ndi chimbudzi.
Kulemala Kwaumwini
Anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi ubongo wochuluka. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi Down syndrome, angaphunzire pang'onopang'ono kapena akuvutika ndi kulingalira komanso chiweruzo chovuta. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amatha kuphunzira, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi maluso m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Amangofikira zolinga mosiyana.
Kawirikawiri zimakhala zolakwika kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhala ndi "mphamvu" kapena kuti amatha kukonzekera. Izi si zoona. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakula nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo ndipo ayenera kuchitidwa moyenera. Kuphunzira kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome kungapindulitsidwe mwa kuyambako , maphunziro abwino, chiyembekezo chokwanira, ndi chilimbikitso.
Matenda a Zamankhwala
Ngakhale kuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome alibe vuto lalikulu lachipatala, ena angakhale ndi zosiyana zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya ana onse obadwa ndi matenda a Down syndrome adzakhala ndi mtima wodwalayo. Zina mwa zofookazi ndi zochepa ndipo sizikusowa chithandizo ndipo zina ndizoopsa ndipo zingafunikire opaleshoni ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti ngati 40 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amabadwa ali ndi vuto la mtima, ndiye kuti 60 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome alibe mavuto a mtima.
Zochitika zina zamankhwala zomwe zingachitike mobwerezabwereza kwa ana okhala ndi Down syndrome zikuphatikizapo mavuto a chithokomiro , zovuta za m'mimba, matenda opatsirana, vuto la kupuma, mavuto olemera, ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'magazi (pafupifupi 1 peresenti).
Nthawi zina kupweteka kwa khosi ( atlantoaxial instability ) nthawi zina kumapezeka ndipo kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala. Mwamwayi, zambiri mwazirombozi zimachiritsidwa ndipo mankhwalawa ndi ofanana kwa anthu omwe alibe ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Kumva ndi Masomphenya
Pafupi theka la ana onse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhalanso ndi vuto ndi kumva ndi masomphenya. Kumva kutayika kungakhale chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa maonekedwe a mafupa akumutu kapena chifukwa cha matenda . Mavuto a masomphenya akuphatikizapo maso, maso aulesi, pafupi ndi maso, komanso ngozi yowopsa. Kufufuza kawirikawiri ndi katswiri wa zamagetsi ndi ophthalmologist n'kofunikira kuti azindikire ndi kukonza mavuto aliwonse asanakhudze maluso ndi chidziwitso. Mankhwala amapezeka magalasi ndi zothandizira kumva.
Makhalidwe, khalidwe ndi maganizo a maganizo
Zingakhale zovuta kukambirana makhalidwe omwe anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amawawonetsera popanda kuwongolera anthuwa. Komabe, makolo ambiri omwe ali ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome anganene kuti ana awo amakhala okondwa, okondana komanso okondana. Ngakhale kuti izi zikhoza kukhala zowona, nkofunika kuti musagwirizanitse anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana komanso amakhala ndi makhalidwe awo, mphamvu, zofooka, ndi mafashoni. Palibe anthu awiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome omwe ali ndi umunthu wofanana.
Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome sangakhale ndi "mtundu wa umunthu," nthawi zambiri amagawana makhalidwe ena kapena njira zothana nazo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down amakonda kukonda nthawi zonse, dongosolo, ndi njira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zovuta za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zimakonda nthawi zonse nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati zopinga. Khalidwe lina limene anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ndilo "kudzilankhulana momveka bwino." Kulankhula ndikumayankhula mokweza kwa inu nokha ndipo akuganiza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amagwiritsa ntchito malankhulidwe awo monga njira yogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso ndi kuganiza kudzera .
Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome angakhale ndi makhalidwe ena komanso momwe amachitira zofanana, amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha maganizo. Matenda apamwamba a matenda a nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, ndi matenda osokoneza maganizo onse akhala akufotokozedwa mu Down syndrome. Chithandizo cha matendawa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ndi ofanana ndi anthu omwe alibe matenda a Down syndrome ndipo amakhalanso ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe, uphungu komanso mwina mankhwala.
> Zosowa
> Kutaya-Gunderson, K., Ana a Down Syndrome - Makolo Atsopano , Woodbine House, 1995.
> Chen, H., Down syndrome, Emedicine , 2007