Zotsatira za Down Syndrome pa Moyo wa Munthu ndizosiyana
Mu 1862, Dr. John Langdon Down adanena kuti odwala ena anali ndi ziwalo zosiyana, zachipatala, ndi zovuta zadzidzidzi.
Pogwirizanitsa zimenezi, Down anamaliza kuti odwala ake anali ndi matenda enaake. Down adanena zomwe adaziwona m'nyuzipepala ya zamankhwala ndipo anali woyamba kufotokoza zomwe tikudziŵa tsopano monga Down syndrome.
Down Syndrome
Ngakhale kuti si anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amagawana chimodzimodzi ndi thupi, pali zina zomwe zimachitika m'thupi lino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amawoneka ofanana.
Zinthu zitatu zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi munthu aliyense ali ndi Down syndrome ndi awa:
- Mapuloteni a Epicanthic (khungu lowonjezera la khungu la mkati, lomwe limapangitsa maso kukhala amondi)
- Kuwombera maso a palpebral (maso opuma)
- Brachycephaly (mutu wawung'ono womwe mwinamwake unaphwanyidwa kumbuyo)
Zochitika zina zomwe zimawoneka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome (koma si onse) zimaphatikizapo mawanga owala (masowa amatchedwa Brushfield), kamphindi kakang'ono, kamene kakang'ono ka mphuno, kamwana kakang'ono, kotsegula pakamwa, ndi makutu aang'ono otsika omwe angapangidwe.
M'kamwa mwawo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome akhoza kukhala ndi mano osalongosoka, palate yopapatiza, ndi lilime lomwe lili ndi zikopa zakuya (izi zimatchedwa lilime losungunuka).
Angakhalenso ndi nkhope zomasoka, makosi amfupi ndi khungu linalake pamutu wa khosi, ndipo mwinamwake mauthenga opusa.
Zochitika zina zomwe zimawoneka mu Down syndrome zimaphatikizapo kachilombo kamodzi pamanja a manja awo komanso zala zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi chala chachisanu kapena pinky mkati mwake (ichi chimatchedwa clinodactyly).
Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tsitsi lolunjika bwino komanso lochepa. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhala ochepa msinkhu ndi miyendo yochepa. Angakhalenso ndi malo akuluakulu pakati pa zidutswa zazikulu ndi zachiwiri ndi ziwalo zoonjezera.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti palibe chilichonse cha nkhope kapena zakuthupi zomwe sizinali zachilendo mwa iwo okha, komanso samatsogolere kapena kumayambitsa mavuto akuluakulu. Komabe, ngati dokotala akuwona zinthu izi palimodzi, akhoza kukayikira kuti mwanayo ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome .
Matenda Aakulu ku Down Syndrome
Kuphatikiza pa nkhope zawo komanso zakuthupi, ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda ambiri.
Pano pali mavuto asanu ndi aŵiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome angayang'ane nawo:
Hypotonia
Pafupifupi ana onse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhala ndi minofu yochepa (hypotonia), kutanthauza kuti minofu yawo imafooka ndipo imawoneka ngati yovuta. Kutsika kwa minofu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzungulira, kukhala pansi, kuima ndi kuyankhula. Ana obadwa kumene, hypotonia ingayambitsenso kudyetsa mavuto.
Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome akuchedwa kufika pamoto chifukwa cha hypotonia. Hypotonia sangathe kuchiritsidwa koma nthawi zambiri imakula bwino pakapita nthawi. Thandizo la thupi lingathandize kusintha minofu.
Hypotonia ingayambitse mavuto a mitsempha, nkhani yowonjezereka yokhudzana ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Masomphenya Mavuto
Matenda a masomphenya ali ofala mu matenda a Down ndi mwayi wokhala ndi kuwonjezeka kokha pamene munthu ali ndi zaka zambiri. Zitsanzo za mavuto a masomphenya amenewa zikuphatikizapo kuyang'anitsitsa (myopia), kutalika kwa maso (hyperopia), maso opyapyala ( strabismus ), kapena kugwedeza diso mu rhythmic pattern (nystagmus).
Ndikofunika kuti ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ayambe kuyesedwa kuyesa kuyambira nthawi zambiri mavutowa akuwonetsedwa.
Kulephera kwa Mtima
Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi Down syndrome amabadwa ndi zofooka za mtima.
Zina mwa zofooka za mtimazi ndi zofatsa ndipo zimadzikonza okha popanda mankhwala. Ziphuphu zina zamtima zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna opaleshoni kapena mankhwala.
Kumva Kutayika
Kukumva mavuto kumakhala kofala kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome, makamaka otitis media, omwe amakhudza pafupifupi 50 mpaka 70 peresenti ndipo amachititsa anthu kumva kumva. Kutayika komwe kulipo pakabereka kumachitika pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi Down Syndrome.
Matenda a m'mimba
Pafupifupi ana asanu pa ana 100 alionse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome adzakhala ndi vuto la m'mimba monga kuchepa kapena kutsekemera kwa m'matumbo (duodenal atresia) kapena kutsegula kwa ana (anal atresia). Zambiri mwaziphuphu zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi opaleshoni.
Kusakhala ndi mitsempha ya m'thupi (Hirschsprung's disease) yowonekera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri koma akadali ochepa. Palinso mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa matenda a Celiac ndi Down syndrome, kutanthauza kuti ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu okhala ndi Down syndrome kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri.
Matenda a Chithokomiro
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome angakhalenso ndi vuto la chithokomiro chawo-kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali pamphepete mwakuti samatulutsa mahomoni okwanira, omwe angapangitse hypothyroidism. Kawirikawiri matenda a hyperothyroidism amatengedwa chifukwa chotsitsiramo mahomoni a chithokomiro. Mankhwalawa ayenera kutengedwera moyo wonse wa munthuyo. Hyperthyroidism (kutanthauza chithokomiro chopitirira muyeso) imatha kupezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Khansa ya m'magazi
Kawirikawiri, pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya nthawiyo, munthu yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome akhoza kukhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi . Khansa ya m'magazi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza maselo m'magazi. Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'magazi zimaphatikizapo kuvulaza, kutopa, kunyezimira, ndi malungo osadziwika. Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda aakulu kwambiri, chiwerengero cha moyo ndi chachikulu. Kawirikawiri khansa ya m'magazi imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, radiation, kapena kupuma kwa mafupa.
Nkhani Zachilendo ku Down Syndrome
Aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi ubwino wochuluka wamaluso. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amayamba kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi mavuto ndi kulingalira komanso chiweruzo chovuta. N'zosatheka kufotokozera kuti ndi chiani chaumphawi waumunthu omwe anabadwa ndi Down syndrome adzakhala-ngakhale, izi zidzamveka bwino pamene akukalamba.
Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome. IQ yaying'ono yamtundu wanzeru - chifukwa nzeru zenizeni ziri pakati pa 70 ndi 130. Munthu amaonedwa kukhala ndi chilema chodzichepetsa ngati IQ yawo ili pakati pa 55 ndi 70. Munthu wolemala wodalirika ali ndi IQ pakati pa 40 ndi 55. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome m'magulu ofatsa.
Ngakhale ali ndi IQ, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amatha kuphunzira. Kawirikawiri zimakhala zolakwika kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakonzekera kuphunzira. Tikudziwa tsopano kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakula nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo ndipo amatha kuphunzira. Zopindulitsa izi zikhoza kupindulitsidwa kudzera mmalo oyambirira, maphunziro abwino, zoyembekeza zazikulu, ndi chilimbikitso.
Mawu Ochokera
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti palibe munthu mmodzi yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome adzakhala ndi zinthu zonse, matenda, kapena mavuto aumunthu omwe akufotokozedwa pano. Ngakhalenso chiwerengero cha mavuto aumunthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome akugwirizana ndi luso lawo laluntha. Munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi umunthu wake wapadera komanso mphamvu zake.
> Zotsatira:
> Mundakel GT. (January 2017). Down syndrome. Emedicine
> Ostermaier, KK. (November 2015). Down syndrome: Zochitika m'zipatala ndi matenda. Mu: UpToDate, Dr. JE, Firth HV (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.