Matenda aliwonse ali ndi ziwalo zamaganizo ndi zamankhwala zomwe zimafotokozera. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndizo makhalidwe omwe amapezeka kuti amapezeka kawirikawiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enieniwo, ndipo zina mwazo ndizovuta kwambiri zachipatala. Cholinga cholemba ndondomeko ya matenda a Down syndrome sikukuwopsani kapena kukupanizani, koma kukupatsani malingaliro osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana omwe angawonekere kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Mndandanda wa zovutazi zingakuthandizeni kumvetsa zomwe mwana wanu angakumane nazo kuti mukhale otsogolera mu chisamaliro chake.
Zizindikiro za Down Syndrome
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi nkhope zosiyana komanso zooneka bwino, mavuto azachipatala , ndi mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti azidziŵa bwino. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti palibe munthu wina yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amene ali ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa apa, komanso nambala ya mavuto omwe ali ndi munthu amene ali ndi Down syndrome akugwirizana ndi nzeru zawo. Mwana aliyense ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi umunthu wake wapadera komanso mphamvu zake.
Zochitika Zathupi
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe anthu okhala ndi Down syndrome akuphatikizapo:
- Maso osiyana ndi omwe: Makanda omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ali ndi nkhope zinazake zomwe zingawathandize kukhala ofanana. Zinthuzi zikhoza kukhala ndi maso ochepetsetsa, kamphindi, khungu lenileni, kamwa kakang'ono kamene kali ndi lilime lalikulu, khosi lalifupi, loyera limauluka mu maso awo, ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono. Amakhalanso ndi nkhope zozungulira ndi mbiri yabwino. Mwachiwonekere, palibe chimodzi mwa izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa zamankhwala koma ndi zomwe zimachititsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amawonekera.
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa manja ndi mapazi: Mmalo mwa zida ziwiri m'madontho awo, anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chokhachokha, chala chophwanyika, ndi chala chachisanu chomwe chimalowa mkati (clinodactyly). Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mapazi ang'onoang'ono ndi aakulu kuposa malo osiyana pakati pa zazikulu ndi zala zala. Apanso, palibe chimodzi mwa izi ndizofunikira mthupi, koma izi ndi zina mwazimene zingathandize dokotala kupanga matenda a Down syndrome.
Matenda a Zamankhwala
Kuwonjezera pa nkhope zawo ndi thupi, ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mavuto ambiri azachipatala. Anthu ambiri alibe vuto lililonse la mankhwala, koma ndizofunika kudziwa zomwe zingathandize mwana wanu ngati ali ndi matenda a Down. Matendawa omwe angakhalepo ndi awa:
- Hypotonia kapena kutsika kwa minofu: pafupifupi ana onse omwe ali ndi Down syndrome amakhala ndi minofu yochepa kapena minofu yofooka. Matendawa amatchedwa hypotonia . Kutsika kwa minofu kunabwera kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti tiphunzire kupitiliza, kukhala-pansi, kuima, ngakhale kuyankhula. Hypotonia sichizachiritsidwa koma nthawi zambiri imakula bwino pakapita nthawi ndipo imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala.
- Mavuto a masomphenya: Kufika pa 60 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome adzakhala ndi vuto lina la masomphenya. Mavuto a masomphenya angaphatikizepo kuyang'anitsitsa , kuyang'anitsitsa , kuyang'ana , maso , ndi miyendo yosweka . Ambiri makumi asanu ali ndi vuto la masomphenya limene limafuna magalasi.
- Kumva mavuto: Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi Down syndrome adzakhala ndi vuto linalake lakumva. Makanda ambiri ku US akuyang'aniridwa kuti asamveke atangobereka kumene. Ngakhale kuti palibe mwana wakhanda yemwe ali ndi wogontha osamva bwino, ndibwino kuti azindikire kuti kumva kumvetsera chifukwa chakumvetsera kumathandiza kwambiri pachinenero cha chitukuko.
- Matenda a makutu: Pa pakati pa 50 peresenti mpaka 75 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi matenda omvetsera.
- Kulephera kwa mtima: Pafupi theka la ana onse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amabadwa ndi zofooka za mtima. Ziphuphu zimenezi zimatha kuchokera ku zofatsa mpaka zoopsa komanso ngakhale kuopseza moyo. Zina mwa zofooka za mtima zimatha kudzikonza okha pakapita nthawi, pamene zofooka za mtima zimadalira mankhwala kapena opaleshoni. Ngati mwana wanu alibe vuto la mtima (atakhala ndi vuto la mtima) atabadwa, iye sangakhale ndi vuto la mtima pambuyo pake.
- Matenda ena azachipatala: Ana ena omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome adzakhala ndi zilema za m'mimba. Zambiri mwaziphuphu zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi opaleshoni, koma mavuto ena omwe angapangitse akuphulika, kutsekedwa kwa GI, ndi matenda a celiac. Matenda a chithokomiro ndi kuchepa kwa magazi ndizofala kwambiri. Ambiri mwa magawo makumi asanu ndi awiri (75%) mpaka 75 peresenti ali ndi matenda obisala, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri ndi kotheka. Ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi 1 peresenti yapamwamba yokhala ndi khansa ya m'magazi , mtundu wa khansara yomwe imakhudza maselo oyera m'magazi.
Kulemala Kwaumwini
Anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi ubongo wochuluka, omwe poyamba ankatchedwa kuchepetsa maganizo, kapena kuchedwa kwachitukuko. Iwo sangathe kuphunzira, amangokhalira kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu ndi kulingalira kovuta ndi chiweruzo. N'zosatheka kufotokozera kukula kwa ubwana wolumala ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome atabadwa. Kuphunzira kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome kungapindulitsidwe mwa kuyambako , maphunziro abwino, chiyembekezo chokwanira, ndi chilimbikitso.
Anthu, Osati Odwala
Ngakhale kuli kosavuta kulemba zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome, ndizosatheka kutenga zonse zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala apadera. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ndi omwe amayamba kukhala nawo ndipo amadziwa kuti ali ndi kachiwiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Down Syndrome: Deta ndi Ziwerengero. Idasinthidwa pa June 27, 2017.
> Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health ndi Kukula kwa Anthu. Kodi Zizindikiro Zenizeni za Matenda Aakulu? Office of Communications. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Ukhondo ku United States. National Institutes of Health. Idasinthidwa pa January 31, 2017.
> Chipatala cha Mayo Clinic. Down Syndrome. Chipatala cha Mayo. Idasinthidwa pa June 27, 2017.