Kumvetsetsa momwe COPD ikukula ndikukhudzidwa ndi Mapangidwe Anu
Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera kusintha komwe kumachitika m'mapapu chifukwa cha matendawa. Kuti mumvetse bwino zovuta zapapu zomwe zilipo mu COPD, phunzirani za mapapu abwino ogwira ntchito.
Momwe Mapulogalamu Anu Amagwirira Ntchito
Chifuwacho chili ndi mapapo awiri: imodzi kumbali yoyenera ya chifuwa ndi imodzi kumanzere.
Mapapu aliwonse ali ndi zigawo zosiyana zotchedwa lobes. Mapapu abwino ali ndi zikopa zitatu; kumanzere kokha. Chovala chilichonse chimagawidwa m'magawo ndi makululu. Danga pakati pa mapapu omwe ali ndi mtima, zotengera zazikulu, ndi malo otchedwa oophagus amatchedwa mediastinum . Chigawo cha ma tubes, kapena ndege, chimapereka mpweya ku gawo lirilonse la mapapo.
Pamene mukupuma, mpweya umalowetsa pulogalamu yanu yopuma kupyolera muzinthu zanu. Kenako amadutsa m'mphepete mwa mphuno (pamphepete mwa mphuno) komanso pamphepete mwa mphuno. Nyumbazi zimapanga maulendo apamwamba, omwe ali ndi ciliated mucosa. Izi ndizitetezera, zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mapepala ang'onoang'ono omwe amathandiza kutentha ndi kutsegula oksijeni yotetezedwa komanso kuthandizira kuchotsa mitundu yambiri yamtundu ndi mazira owonjezera.
Mpweya umapitirira kupyola mumatope (mawu-bokosi) -mangidwe omwe amagwirizanitsa mpweya wapansi ndi wotsika-ndiyeno kupyola mu trachea (windpipe), yomwe imagwirizanitsa sera ndi bronchi.
Ma bronchi ndiwo ammapiritsi akuluakulu ammapapu omwe amatha kukhala m'mitsinje yaing'ono yotchedwa bronchioles. Pakati pawo, bronchi ndi bronchioles amapanga mtengo wa bronchial. Ma bronchioles amatha kumalo otsekemera, omwe amachititsa kuti azitsulo zamagetsi zikhale ndi mamiliyoni ambirimbiri a alveoli. Mafuta a alveoli ndi omwe amapanga mpweya wabwino m'mapapo, kumene mpweya umalowa m'magazi ndi carbon dioxide .
Zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi monga dongosolo lanu la kupuma .
Cholinga cha Mapulawa
Mapapu amapangidwa ndi spongy, fiberglass zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kutambasula ndi kupuma pamene tipuma mkati ndi kunja. Cholinga cha mapapo ndi awiri: kupereka oxygen (O2) ku maselo ndi ziwalo za thupi ndikuchotsa carbon dioxide (CO2), kutayira kwa kupuma, kuchokera ku magazi. Oxygen, thupi lofunika kwambiri mthupi, limathandiza thupi lanu kutembenuza chakudya chimene mumadya, ndipo, mofanana ndi kutentha kwa galimoto, CO2 imachotsedwa m'thupi lanu nthawi iliyonse imene mumatuluka.
Kumvetsetsa COPD Pathophysiology
COPD imadziwika ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya komwe sikungasinthike. Kuwonjezereka, kusuta fodya nthawi zambiri ndi chiwerengero chimodzi cha matendawa , koma mobwerezabwereza kusuta fodya , kuwonongeka kwa mpweya , ndi kuwonetseredwa kwa ntchito (kukhala malasha, thonje, tirigu) ndizofunikira zoopsa .
Kutupa kwachilendo kumathandiza kwambiri pa matenda a COPD. Kusuta fodya ndi njira zina zowononga mpweya zimayambitsa ma neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, ndi maselo ena opweteka kuti azinjike mumlengalenga. Akayambitsidwa, amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi zotupa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo ambiri, omwe amadziwika ngati otupa, azipita kumalo kuti awononge ndi kuchotsa zinyalala zakunja.
Muzochitika zachilendo, kuyankha kotupa kumathandiza ndipo kumabweretsa machiritso. Ndipotu, popanda thupi, thupi silidzapulumuka. Mu COPD, kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kukhumudwa kwa ndege kumapitirizabe kuyankha kotupa komwe sikukuwonekera. Pakapita nthawi, njirayi imapangitsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi kusintha kwa thupi kumapitirirabe.
Pamene kutentha kukupitirira, mpweyawo umakhala wochepa kwambiri, umakhala wochepa kwambiri ndi wotupa. Izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa ntchentche komanso kusagwira ntchito mosavuta.
Pamene anthu omwe ali ndi COPD sangathe kufotokoza zachinsinsi zawo, amakhala ndi zizindikiro za COPD , kuphatikizapo chifuwa chosaneneka , kupopera , ndi dyspnea. Pomalizira pake, kumangidwe kwa ntchentche kumalimbikitsa mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amakula bwino ndikuchulukitsa kumalo ozizira ndi amtendere a pamsewu ndi m'mapapo. Chotsatira chake ndi kutukumula kwina, kupanga mapangidwe osiyana siyana (sacs-like sacs) mumtengo wa bronchial, ndi matenda a bakiteriya m'mapapo , omwe amachititsa kuti vuto la COPD likuchuluke .
Chithandizo cha COPD
Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha COPD , mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa COPD, ndiko kukweza umoyo wa moyo , kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa, kuchepetsa zizindikiro za COPD, ndi kuteteza kuwonjezereka kwa COPD.
Palibe chinthu china chomwe chimapangitsa kuchepetsa kukula kwa COPD kuposa kusuta fodya . Njira zina zothandizira mankhwala ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo (omwe ali ndi umboni wa matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya), amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mpweya wa okosijeni , komanso anthu omwe akudwala COPD. kupeza zofunikira zenizeni, opaleshoni yopititsa patsogolo .
Chitsime:
> COPD. National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/copd.