Yendani njira yopuma

Phunzirani Momwe Mapulogalamu Anu Amagwirira Ntchito

Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha COPD , nkofunika kudziwa zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa mapapu anu. Ntchito ya mapapo ndikutuluka ndi kutuluka m'thupi. Yendani dongosolo la kupuma kuti muwone momwe izi zikuchitikira.

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Mphuno ndi Mphindi

Mphuno ndilo chokha chooneka kunja kwa dongosolo la kupuma. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri chilakolako chachabechabe, cholingalira kufunika kwake, mphuno imafunika ulemu waukulu. Mphuno ili ndi receptors kuti timve fungo. Imodzi mwa njira kunja kwa mpweya imalowa mu njira yopuma yomwe imasankhidwa, kutenthedwa ndi kutonthozedwa.

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Njira Yowonjezera Kuteteza

Njira yopuma yopuma imaphatikizapo mphuno, mphuno yamphongo, pharynx (khosi), ndi larynx (mawu bokosi). Imodzi mwa njira yomwe mpweya umalowerera m'mapiritsi a m'mphuno ndi m'mphuno mwa mphuno yomwe imasankhidwa, imatonthozedwa ndi kutenthedwa mkati mwake. Pambuyo pake imadutsa pamtunda (msewu wa mpweya ndi chakudya) ndipo imapitirira mpaka phokoso, mpweya wina. Ng'anjo imathandizanso kuti chakudya chisaloŵe m'munsi.

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Njira Yowonjezera Kutetezera

Zomwe zimapangidwira m'munsizi zimaphatikizapo trachea (windpipe), ndi m'mapapo, bronchi, bronchioles, ndi alveoli.

Pambuyo pa ulendo wake kudzera m'ng'anjo, mpweya wofiira umatha kufika pa trachea. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mapuloteni olimbitsa thupi a C, omwe amachititsa kuti trachea ikhale yolimba ndipo imathandiza kuti akhalebe omasuka mosalekeza. The trachea ndi pafupifupi mainchesi 4 ndi mainchesi imodzi ndipo imasintha kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Monga chingwe chamkati, trachea imathandiza kufota, kutentha ndi kutonthoza mpweya umene umadutsamo.

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Mkati Mwa Makombo

Atachoka pamtunda, mpweya umayenda ku bronchi. Mmodzi bronchus amatsogolera kumanzere kumanzere ndipo winayo, kumanja. Mofananamo ndi trachea, bronchi imapangidwa ndi kakhalidwe kake kakang'ono koti C kuti awapatse chithandizo ndi kulimba.

Kuzama m'mapapu, bronchus iliyonse imagawidwa m'mapiritsi achiwiri ndi apamwamba kwambiri, kenaka n'kupita m'madera ang'onoang'ono otchedwa bronchioles. Mosiyana ndi bronchi, bronchioles sichipangidwira molimba mtima ndipo amatha kukhumudwa komanso kutsekedwa, monga momwe zimachitikira kuwonjezereka kwa COPD . Ma bronchioles amatha m'mabasi a mpweya otchedwa alveoli. Ma alveoli ndi malo opatsirana mpweya m'mapapo.

Alveoli ndizinyumba zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi m'magulu a mphesa kupanga mapangidwe a alveolar. Pamwamba pa alveoli pali magulu a capillaries (mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi) imene imanyamula magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ya ziwalo zina za thupi. Pano pali kusiyana kumene kuli mpweya - carbon dioxide m'magazi amatsitsirana mpweya kuchokera ku alveoli. Pambuyo pa magazi okosijeni achoka ku alveoli, imayendera pamtima, yomwe ili pakati pa mapapu awiri, komwe imaponyedwa kunja kwa thupi lonselo. Mpweya wa carbon dioxide umachotsedwa m'thupi mwako nthawi zonse.

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Udindo wa Chisokonezo

Mphunoyi ndi mitsempha yooneka ngati yala, yomwe imakhala pakati pa khola lanu kapena chifuwa chanu komanso mimba kapena mimba. Kuchokera ku zamoyo, zinyama zonse zimakhala ndi zovuta ndi zinyama sizikhoza kukhala popanda chiwalo. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yofunikira pakupuma, limba limapangitsa kuti tiyankhule momveka bwino, tanthauzo losiyanasiyana la mawu, kuimba, ndi chinenero.

Kodi Mankhusu Amathandizira Bwanji Kutentha?

Amapezeka m'munsimu m'mapapu, mzere (DY-uh-fram) ndi umodzi mwa minofu yaikulu yomwe ikuphatikizapo kupuma. Amagwira ntchito, amakoka pansi, ndipo amawombera panthawi yofufuzira, zomwe zimachititsa kuti chifuwachi chiwonjezere. Njirayi imapanga mpweya umene umatulutsa mpweya m'mapapo. Panthawi yopuma mpweya, phokoso limabwereranso, limabwerera ku mawonekedwe ake akale, ndipo mpweya umatulukamo m'mapapo.

Nthawi zina izi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza ndipo zimawatsogolera. Zokambirana zimakhala zosagwirizana kapena zimakwiyitsa (mwachitsanzo, kumwa mofulumira kapena kudya mofulumira), mpweya umathamangira mkati, ndipo mawu amafufuzira mwadzidzidzi poyang'ana mpweya wambiri. Kutaya thupi lanu kumapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale logwirizana ndi hiccups.

Pali zotseguka pamene thumba lanu kapena chubu la chakudya lidutsa kuchokera pachifuwa mpaka mimba. Kuwonjezera apo, zinthu zina zofunika monga mitsempha ya mitsempha (mitsempha yomwe imayendetsa kayendedwe ka diaphragmatic), aorta (chotengera cha magazi chotengera magazi okosijeni ku thupi), ndi vena cava (mbali ya mavenda omwe amachititsa magazi ochotsedwa m'magazi) onse amadutsa mu diaphragm.

Zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze vuto ndi diaphragm zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kupuma pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuposa nthawi zonse
• Mpweya wabwino umakhala m'magazi
• Ululu mu chifuwa, paphewa kapena mimba

Kodi Ndi Matenda Otani Amene Amayambitsa Mavuto a Ziphuphu?

• Congenital defects
• Kutenga
• Lupus
• Kusadya zakudya m'thupi
• Kuchiza mazira
• Sitiroko
• Mavuto amtundu wotsatira ngozi kapena kuvulala
• Matenda a chithokomiro

Kodi Ndi Mayesero Otani Amene Angapereke Dokotala Wanga?

• Chifuwa cha X-ray: amapereka chithunzi kuti awone ngati pali chinachake chimene chimapangitsa kuti chisawonongeke
• Zojambulajambula: nthawi yeniyeni yeniyeni yomwe imalola kuti muwonetsetse bwino kuti tsamba lanu likugwirizanitsa ndi kupuma.
• Kuyeza kwa kayendedwe ka mankhwala : Zoyezetsa izi zimayang'ana momwe mukuyendetsera mpweya mkati ndi m'mapapo.
• Maphunziro a mitsempha yoperekera mitsempha: mayeserowa amafufuza ngati mitsempha yamphongo imatumiza zizindikiro ku chithunzithunzi kuti chigwirizane bwino.

Chithandizo chachikulu chimadalira chifukwa chachikulu ndipo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala, chithandizo chothandizira kuthandizira kugwira ntchito bwino (mwachitsanzo pacemaker yofanana kwambiri ndi opanga mtima) kapena opaleshoni.

_Zotsatira

_{National Library of Medicine. Mfupa ndi mapapo. Idapezeka pa June 15, 2015.}

_{Kitaoka H, ​​Chihara K. Mphuno: chiwalo chobisika koma chofunikira kwa nyama ndi nyama. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 669: 167-71. Idapezeka pa June 15, 2015.}

Kusinthidwa ndi Pat Bass, MD

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Njira Yopuma

Kupuma kumaphatikizapo magawo awiri: kudzoza (mumapuma, ndipo mpweya ukuyenda m'mapapo) ndi kutha (mumapuma kunja, ndipo mumachoka m'mapapo). Pakuuziridwa, phokoso ndi mgwirizano wa minofu umalola mpweya kulowa m'mapapo. Panthawi yotsirizika, mitsempha ndi minofu imatha kutulutsa mpweya kutuluka m'mapapo.