Chifukwa Chake Ikhoza Kusankha Kapena Sitiyenera Kusankha
Ngakhale kuti kansa yamapapo yamapiko inkaonedwa kuti ndi "yotsutsana" pakupatsirana mapapu (kutsutsana kwathunthu kumatanthauza kuti njirayi iyenera kupezeka palimodzi) yankho sikuti "ayi".
Pali nthawi zina, ngakhale zochepa, pamene kuika mapapo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipotu, kugwiritsa ntchito mapapu opatsirana khansa ya m'mapapo yawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwapa.
Kodi kupuma kwa mapapo kungapangidwe liti, kodi kafukufuku akunena chiyani, nanga n'chifukwa chiyani sizingavomerezedwe kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo?
Nthawi ndi Chifukwa Chiyani Kusintha Sikokugwiritsidwa Ntchito
Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, kuika mapapu (osakwatira kapena awiri) sizosankha. Chifukwa chimodzi ndi chakuti mapiritsi a mapapu amaonedwa ngati mankhwala am'deralo. Zochitika zapakhomo monga kukweza mapapu, opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo , ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito khansa ya m'mapapo zimangotenga maselo a khansa omwe amapezeka m'mapapo. Mwatsoka, kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu, khansara yayamba kufalikira m'mapapu kupita kumapopu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumadera akutali a thupi. Izi zikachitika, mankhwala opatsirana (mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maselo a khansa m'thupi lonse) monga chemotherapy , mankhwala othandizira , ndi ma chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa china chachikulu ndi chiopsezo cha kubwerera kwa khansa ya m'mapapo m'mapapo opangidwa.
Ndipotu, ngakhale anthu omwe sali osowa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, khansara yamapapo imabwereranso m'mapapo opatsirana (operekedwa).
Pamene Kusuta Kungagwiritsidwe Ntchito
Pali zochitika zitatu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapangidwe m'mapapo kuti ziganizidwe kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu. Izi zikuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi:
- Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma ya m'mapapo (BAC) yomwe ili patsogolo ndi multifocal (malo oposa khansa m'mapapu kapena m'mapapu.) BAC, yomwe sikutchedwa BAC ndipo m'malo mwake ndi gawo la mapapu adenocarcinoma, malipiro a 5% khansa ya m'mapapo kapena yocheperapo, ndi yowonjezereka mwa osakhala fodya, mwa amayi, ndi anthu a East-Asia cholowa.
- Khansara ya mapapo a m'mapapo ali ndi matenda a mapapu otsiriza monga COPD.
- Khansara ya Metastatic m'mapapu ochokera kumadera ena a thupi, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri ku mapapo, ndipo pamene khansara yaikulu ( khansara "yoyambirira") ikuyendetsedwa bwino. Chimenechi ndi chosowa kwambiri.
M'mapangidwe amenewa, kuika mapapo kungaganizidwe ngati njira zopanda opaleshoni sizingathetseretu khansara. Kuti apambane, madokotala ayenera kusankha mosamala anthu omwe angapindule ndi kuika mapapu ndikuonetsetsa kuti khansara imayikidwa bwino, mwachitsanzo, kuti mayesero monga PET kuunika ndi endobronchial ultrasound sasonyeza umboni uliwonse wa khansara kufalikira kupyola mapapo.
Cholinga cha Kusuntha Kwambiri kwa Khansa Yam'mimba
Kuika mapapo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ochizira (ndi cholinga chochiza matendawa) komanso ngati mankhwala ochepetsera (ndi cholinga chokhalitsa moyo koma osachiza matenda).
Zimene Kafukufuku Amanena
Pakadali pano, kukweza mapapo kwakhala kosavuta kwa khansa yamapapo, koma ndondomeko ya database ya United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) imasonyeza zotsatirazi:
Kuchokera mu 1987 mpaka 2010 muli zocheperapo zoposa 50 (zochepa zosakwana 0.1 peresenti ya milandu ya kupatsa mapapo) ya kuikidwa m'mapapo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa khansara yamapapo. Mwa anthu awa, odwala 29 anali atapitirira multifocal BAC (tsopano akuwerengedwanso ngati mtundu wamapapo adenocarcinoma).
Popanda kupuma mapapu, ndipo ndi mankhwala amtundu, chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi BAC lapamwamba ndi chaka chimodzi. Kwa anthu amene adalandira mapapu, zaka zisanu zapakati pa moyo wawo zinali pafupifupi 50 peresenti ndipo zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika anthu omwe amalandira mapapu chifukwa cha zifukwa zina, monga COPD.
Izi ndizabwino kuposa kupulumuka zomwe zinanenedwa ndi chemotherapy, koma ndi mankhwala atsopano monga chithandizo chochiritsira ndi immunotherapy, izi sizikudziwika.
Chigwirizano chikuwoneka kuti ndicho mu anthu osankhidwa bwino, kuika mapapo kungapangitse kukhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi BAC.
Moyo Weniweni Chitsanzo
Pamene mukukhala ndi khansa, palibe ngati kumva za anthu omwe "akhalapo". Ambiri m'magulu a khansa ya m'mapapo adalimbikitsidwa ndi mtsogoleri wakale wa mpira wa koleji, Jerrold Dash, yemwe adayendera ulendo wake kulandira mapepala awiri a mapaipi a pulasitiki.
Mu blog yake, iye amagawana za kupambana khansara yake ya mapapu ndi kumuika mapapo. Pano pali ndondomeko ya kuika kwake, komanso maganizo a wodwalayo pa kusuntha kwa BAC ndi mapapo.
Matenda Opangidwa Ndi Matenda Omwe Amasandulika Amaganiziridwa
Kuika mapapo kungapangidwe kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mapapo a mapeto, pamene palibe njira zina zothandizira mankhwala omwe alipo, ndipo ngati munthu sangathe kukhala ndi moyo woposa chaka koma ali ndi thanzi labwino. Ena mwa matendawa ndi awa:
- Matenda Ochepetsa Matenda Oopsa (COPD) monga emphysema
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'mapapo chifukwa cha vuto lopweteka la mtima
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Kutha kwa Alpha-1-Antitrypsin
- Sarcoidosis
- Matenda a m'mimba
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
Kodi Mapuloteni Opaka Mapulogalamu Amapangitsa Kuti Pakhale Ngozi ya Khansa Yam'mimba?
Inde, pazifukwa zingapo anthu omwe alandira mapepala a mapapo ali pa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mapapo m'tsogolomu, ndi manambala omwe amanena kuti pangozi ali pafupi ndi 2.5 peresenti malinga ndi phunziro.
Pansi
Kuika mapapo sikungatheke kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Pokhapokha ngati khansa ndi yaying'ono komanso yopanda mapapu amodzi, sizingatheke kuti kukweza mapapu kungachititse kalikonse koma kumayambitsa kulemala ndi kupweteka. Ngakhale ndi khansa yaing'onoting'ono, mpata wobwereza umachepetsera mpata woti kuika mapapo kungakhale koyenera.
Izi zinati, kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi mapapu adenocarcinoma (mtundu womwe poyamba unkadziwika kuti BAC), kuika mapapo kungakhale njira yabwino. Ngakhale pakadali pano kuopsa kwa opaleshoniyi, yomwe ilipo yambiri, iyenera kuyeneredwa mosamala motsutsana ndi phindu lililonse. Nthawi zambiri, kupatsa mapapo kungakhale mankhwala othandiza. Mwamwayi, monga mankhwala atsopano a kansa ya m'mapapo monga chithandizo chochiritsidwa ndi chithandizo cha immunotherapy chikhalapo, pali njira zambiri, komanso zowopsa, njira zothandizira khansa.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti kukweza mapapu kungakhale njira, mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri. Onani chitsogozo cha mapuloteni a COPD . Ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kusintha kwa khansa yamapapo ndi COPD, zofunikira za opaleshoni zili zofanana kwambiri.
> Zotsatira:
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> Garver, R. et al. Kuchulukanso kwa bronchioloalveolar carcinoma m'mapapu opangidwa. New England Journal of Medicine . 1999. 340 (14): 1071-4.
> Machuca, T., ndi S. Keshavjee. Kusindikizidwa kwa khansara yamapapo. Malingaliro Amakono mu Kuikidwa Kwadongosolo . 2012. 17 (5): 479-84.
> Mathew, J., ndi R. Kratzke. Khansara ya m'mimba ndi kuika m'mapapo: ndemanga. Journal of Thoracic Oncology . 2009. 4 (6): 753-60.
> Raviv, Y. et al. Khansara ya mapulogalamu m'mapapo okwera mapapo: Kuphunzira chipatala chapamwamba komanso zolemba mabuku. Khansa Yam'mimba . 74 (2): 280-3.
> Zorn, G. et al. Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Journal of Surgery ndi Opaleshoni Zambiri . 2003. 125 (1): 45-8.