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Gawo 1 lachisanu - Chiyanjano Chachizolowezi (Knee)Bondo ndi mgwirizano wopangidwa ndi mafupa awiri, azimayi ndi tibia, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi miyendo inayi-mitsempha yothandizana nayo, mitsempha yowonongeka, mzere wambiri, ndi mitsempha yotsatizana.
Kachilombo ka patella (kachidindo ka bondo) ndi mbali ya mawonekedwe oyenera a mawondo. Mapeto a femur ndi tibia, komanso pansi pa patella, amadzazidwa ndi articular cartilage , malo oterera omwe amalola kusinthasintha kopanda, kuyenda mopanda ululu.
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Gawo 2 lachisanu - Synovial Fluid (Yomwe Yachibadwa Yogwirizana)Gulu lozungulira la bondo likuzunguliridwa ndi nembanemba, synovium , yomwe imapanga kachilombo kakang'ono kamadzimadzi, kotchedwa synovial fluid. Synovial madzimadzi amathandiza kudyetsa kanyumba kake ndikusungunuka. The synovium imakhalanso ndi mpweya wolimba (joint joint capsule) womwe umatetezera ndi kumagwirizana.
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Gawo 3 lachisanu - Inflamed Synovium (Rheumatoid Arthritis)Mu matenda a nyamakazi , nyamakazi yodzimadzimadzi , thupi limasokoneza ziwalo zake. Maselo oyera, omwe ndi othandizira ma chitetezo cha mthupi , amayenda ku synovium ndipo amachititsa kuti kutupa kuchitike, komwe kumatchedwa synovitis yogwira ntchito. Synovium yotentha imayambitsa kutenthetsa, kufiira, kutupa, ndi kupweteka komanso kuzungulira olowa nawo.
Mwachindunji, panthawi yotupa, synovium imakula ndipo imayambitsa mgwirizano kuti imve. Pamene nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ikupita, maselo osadziwika a synovial amatha ndipo amachotsa khungu ndi fupa mkati mwa olowa. Minofu yoyandikana, mitsempha, ndi matope amatha kuchepa.
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Gawo 4 lachisanu - Kuwonongeka kofanana (Osteoarthritis of Knee)M'magazi otchedwa osteoarthritis, omwe amatchedwa nyamakazi yovala-ndi-kugwetsa, kanyumba kakang'ono kakang'ono kamatuluka pansi ndi kuvala . Ali ndi matenda akuluakulu, kupwetekedwa kwa karotila kumakhala kovuta kwambiri moti mafupa a mgwirizanowo amathana pamodzi (amatchedwa fupa-pfupa ).
Ululu, kutupa, ndi zotsatira zochepa za zotsatira zoyendetsa . Mgwirizanowu ukhoza kutaya mawonekedwe ake othawikiratu patapita nthawi ndikukhala opunduka, nayenso. Fupa limatulutsa (osteophytes) limatha kukhala pamphepete mwa mgwirizano. Mitsuko ya fupa kapena cartilage ikhoza kutha ndi kuyandama mkati mwa malo ophatikizira, kuchititsa ngakhale kupweteka ndi kuwonongeka kochuluka (mwachitsanzo, matupi otayirira).
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Gawo 5 lachisanu - Malo Odziwika Kwambiri Ovutika KwambiriMalo a ululu wa mawondo angakhale othandiza kudziwa pamene akuyesera kupeza chidziwitso cholondola. Kupweteka kutsogolo kwa bondo kungayambidwe ndi bursitis , nyamakazi , kapena kuchepa kwa kansalu kakang'ono ka patella, monga chrondromalacia patella.
Ululu pambali pa bondo nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuvulala ndi zitsulo, nyamakazi, kapena misonzi kwa amuna . Ululu kumbuyo kwa bondo ukhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi nyamakazi kapena Baker's (kuphatikiza kwa synovial madzi kumbuyo kwa bondo). Kutenga kungakhale chinthu china chotheka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mawondo.
Ngakhale kuti kupweteka kwa maondo kumapereka zifukwa zenizeni pa zomwe zimayambitsa, zojambula zojambula (x-ray, CT scan, kapena MRI) zimapereka umboni wowoneka wa kuwonongeka ndi zoperewera. Njira yoyenera yothandizira bwino imadalira kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe zikukuvutitsani bondo lanu.