Anthu Opusa Amakono Achilomboka HIV Akuukira Zolinga Zowopsya
Ofufuza kuchokera ku Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya Harvard ndi Scripps Research Institute ku Florida adalengeza kuti buku lopatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito gene, lomwe linaperekedwa mwachangu, laletsa kutumiza kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi m'gulu la azimayi a macaque mobwerezabwereza. Kupeza kumeneku kukuwoneka ngati sitepe yoyamba yopanga chithandizo cha katemera chomwe chingathandize chitetezo chomwecho mwa anthu.
Akatswiri ofufuza za Harvard ndi Scripps amatha kupanga kamolekiti yotchedwa eCD4-Ig , yomwe imatsanzira mitundu iwiri ya mapuloteni omwe amapezeka pamtundu wa maselo oyera omwe kachilombo ka HIV kamasokonekera. Pochita zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV "kanyengerera" kuti adzikonzekeretse pazomwe zimapangidwira, ndikuchotsa.
Momwe eCD4-Ig Works
eCD4-Ig amapangidwa kachigawo kakang'ono ka CD4 ndi chidutswa china cha CCR5 -two zolandirira zolinga zomwe zimalowetsa "kutseka" ku selo-zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wa anti-antibody . Majini amatha kuikidwa mu adenovirus (mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) omwe amaperekedwa mwachindunji minofu ya minofu. Komweko, kachilomboka kamene kamayambitsa maselo, kuika DNA yake mukati, ndikusandutsa mapuloteni-kutulutsa ma antibodies ambiri osinthidwa.
Mayesero akale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "CD4-Ig" yosatetezedwa (ie, popanda chigawo cha CCR5) akhala atapindula pang'ono.
Nthaŵi zina, ngati makondomu amatha kusintha kwambiri, ntchito ya kachirombo ka HIV ingangowonjezereka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti HIV inatha kuthawa mosavuta kuti mutenge ndikugwiritsanso ntchito pazipatala.
Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kuthawa ndikusintha pamaso pa eCD4-Ig, chidziwitso (ie, kuphatikizapo ma chromosomes awiri) chikuwoneka kuti chimapangitsa kuti munthu asatenge kachilombo ka HIV, kutsika kwake kumachepetsa.
Mu kafukufuku wawo wa zinyama, ochita kafukufukuwo anafotokoza kuti anyani omwe anaphatikiza za genetically modified adenovirus amatha kuletsa mitundu yonse ya HIV-1, HIV-2 ndi SIV (mtundu wa HIV), ngakhale atayikidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mlingo waukulu wa HIV kwa masabata 40. Palibe imodzi yamphongo inoculated yodwala, ndipo palibe vuto lililonse la eCD4-Ig (mwina chifukwa matupi awo amazindikira kuti mapuloteni ndiwo awo).
Anyani osapatsidwa eCD4-Ig inoculate onse anali ndi kachilombo.
Kodi Zonsezi Zikutanthauzanji?
Ngakhale akadakali koyambirira kwambiri kuti awonetse kuti mayesero mwa anthu apereka zotsatira zomwezo, njirayi ikuwonetsera njira yosinthira masewera pokonzekera katemera woteteza HIV .
Ena ayamba kale kuganiza kuti chitukuko chabwino cha eCD4-Ig, chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, chingakhale chothandiza kuthetsa chiwopsezo cha odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kaya payekha kapena ndi othandizira ena. Ngati izi zikutheka, ndiye kuti ngakhale odwala omwe ali ndi vutoli, amatha kupindula.
Komabe, zonsezi zimangoganizira kwambiri. Kufufuza kwina kungapereke chitsimikizo chachikulu m'miyezi yotsatira, posonyeza njira yopita kumayesero oyambirira a anthu posachedwa.
Njira Zina Zogwirizana ndi Gene Genetic
Kuphatikiza pa kafukufuku wa Harvard / Scripps, wasayansi wina akuyang'ana njira zina zowonetsera majeremusi kuti amenyane kapena kupewa HIV.
Chitsanzo chimodzi chotere kuchokera kwa asayansi ku Temple University chimawonjezera kachilombo ka HIV T-maselo m'magazi a wodwala ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito enzyme yotchedwa Cas9 kuti "iwononge" kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera ku DNA ya cell host. Pochita zimenezi, maselo sangathe kutenga kachilombo ka HIV.
Iwo amavomerezedwa kuti mwa kuyiritsa maselowa mmbuyo mu thupi la wodwala, kuthekera kwa kachilombo ka HIV kudzalowera kudzakhala kuchepa kwambiri, kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa matenda ndikupangitsa maselo atsopano kuti akhale mbali ya maonekedwe a munthu.
Mofananamo, asayansi ku UCLA akufufuza kugwiritsa ntchito kamolekiti yotchedwa CAR (chimeric antigen receptor), yomwe imatha kutembenuza selo lirilonse la magazi kukhala selo loyera lakumagawa ndi matenda. Mwa kuika CAR kukhala maselo opangira magazi, asayansi anatha kusintha maselo kukhala "mitundu" yowonongeka yomwe ikufunikira kuti asamayendetsere kwaulere HIV.
Ngakhale kuti maphunziro onsewa ali panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu yamagetsi, zofukulidwazo zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko chothetsa vuto la katemera wa HIV.
Zotsatira:
Gardner, M ;; Kattenhorn, L .; Kondur, H .; et al. "AAV-Express CD4-Ig imapereka chitetezo chokhazikika kwa Mavuto osiyanasiyana a SHIV." Chilengedwe. February 18, 2015; lembani: 10.1038 / nature14264.
Kaminski, R; Chen, Y .; Tedaldi, E .; et al. "Kuchotsa mapiritsi a HIV-1 kuchokera ku maselo a T-lymphoid ndi CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing." Chilengedwe . March 4, 2016; lofalitsidwa pa Intaneti DOI: 10.1038 / srep22555.
Zhen, A .; Kamata, M .; Rezek, V. et al. "Kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV kamachokera ku Chimeric Antigen." Matenda a Maselo. August 2015; 23 (80): 1358-1367.