Ubwino Wophunzira ndi Kulankhula Zoposa Chilankhulo chimodzi
Bilingualism ili ndi phindu lalikulu, kuphatikizapo mwayi woyankhulana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti kulankhula chinenero chimodzi kuli ndi ubwino wopitirira kulankhulana. Kukhala ndi zilankhulo ziwiri kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi ubwino wabwino wa ubongo ndi chiopsezo chochepa chakumverera kwaumtima .
Ntchito Yalingaliro ndi Kusamalira Zoganizira
Pofuna kupewa khungu la Alzheimer , kafukufuku akhala akulangiza kuti ubongo wanu ukhale wogwira ntchito mwa kupeza maphunziro apamwamba , kupanga mapuzzles , ndi kuchita zinthu zina zamaganizo.
Anthu ambiri amagwirizana kuti mwina zizindikiro za Alzheimer zikhoza kuchedwa m'maganizo oyenera, m'maganizo chifukwa chakuti "maganizo" amatha kupanga chidziwitso .
Lingaliro la kusungirako chidziwitso ndikuti "limalimbitsa minofu" ya ubongo, kumalimbikitsa kugwirizana kophatikizana pakati pa ubongo neurons ndi kuwonjezeka kwokhoza kubwezera kusokonekera mu ubongo. Njira imodzi yoperekera ubongo wanu ntchito ndi kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero china.
Phindu la ubongo pokhala m'zinenero ziwiri
Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa kafukufuku, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuchedwa kwa zizindikiro za Alzheimer's ndi Dementia mwa iwo omwe anali amitundu. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe anali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za chiwopsezo cha m'mimba ali ndi zaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zisanu kuposa omwe amalankhula chinenero chimodzi.
Ntchito Yabwino Yambiri Yoganizira
Kuti aphunzire zambiri za zilankhulo ziwiri ndi ubongo, ofufuza anafanizira kulingalira kwa ubongo kwa anthu amitundu iwiri kwa anthu a monolinguals (omwe analankhula chinenero chimodzi).
Ophunzira onsewa anali ndi matenda a Alzheimers ndipo anawonetsa machitidwe ofanana a chidziwitso. Ofufuzawo anaganizira zaka, maphunziro, ntchito, ndi chikhalidwe kuti azionetsetsa kuti kusiyana kulikonse sikungatheke chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi.
Zotsatira za kafukufukuwo zinasonyeza kuti ubongo wa njuchi unasonyeza kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa zochitika zokhudzana ndi matenda a Alzheimer kuposa a monolinguals, komabe chidziwitso chawo chonse chinali chofanana ndi chiwonetsero cha zotsatira zofanana ndi mayesero atatu osiyana siyana.
Izi zingakhale bwanji? Ikubwereranso ku lingaliro la chidziwitso chodziŵa. Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti zotsatira za Alzheimer's zakhala zikukulirakulira mu ubongo wawo, zizindikiro za Alzheimer zinali zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe sizinayembekezere. Anthu amitundu iŵiri amatha kulipira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana ngakhale kuti ali ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubongo wawo.
Kusungidwa kwa Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito
Kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Neuropsychology anaphunzira zotsatira za kukhala ndi zilankhulo ziwiri pa ntchito yoyang'anira magulu awiri a ophunzira: 75 anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's and 74 omwe ali ndi matenda ozindikira , omwe nthawi zina amapita ku matenda a Alzheimer's. Ntchito yogwira ntchitoyi inayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero atatu osiyana: mayesero oyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka mayendedwe , mayeso osokoneza mawu (monga mayesero a Stroop ) komanso mayesero omveka bwino . Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti ophunzira omwe anali odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri akugwira ntchito patapita zaka zambiri kuposa omwe analankhula chinenero chimodzi.
Kulimbitsa Bwino Kwambiri Pambuyo pa Kugonana
Kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zilankhulo ziwiri amatha kuzindikira bwino chidziwitso mofulumira kuposa omwe amalankhula chinenero chimodzi.
Kukwapula kumapangitsa anthu kukhala pachiopsezo cha matenda a dementia, ndipo malingana ndi malo omwe amamva, chilankhulo ndi chidziwitso zimakhudzidwa.
Zopindulitsa zambirimbiri
Kafukufuku wofotokozedwa mu PLOS One anawona zotsatira za kukhala zinenero zambiri-kutanthauza ndikudziwa zinenero ziwiri. Phunziroli linaphatikizapo ophunzira omwe adawonetsa vuto loyamba la chidziwitso koma sanapeze kuti ali ndi matenda a maganizo. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti ophunzira omwe anali ndi zilankhulo zoposa ziwiri anali ndi chiopsezo chochepa chodziŵa kusamvetsetsa-inde, mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri chitetezero cha kuchepa kwa chidziwitso monga momwe anagwiritsira ntchito zinenero ziwiri zokha.
Thupi labwino la ubongo ndi zomangamanga
Pamene tikukalamba, ubongo wathu umakhala ndi atrophy pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mphamvu ya ubongo, zonsezi komanso mbali zina za ubongo, zakhudzidwa ndi chidziwitso.
Gulu la ofufuza linaphunzira mmene ubongo wamakono umayendera mofanana ndi wa monolinguals. Iwo anapeza kuti mawu onse a imvi ndi nkhani zoyera mu ubongo anali zazikulu mwa iwo omwe anali ndi zizindikiro.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti kafukufuku wofananawo anapeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mutu wakuda kunapezedwanso kwa anthu omwe chinenero chawo chachiŵiri sichinalankhulidwe, monga Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America .
Thandizo lothandizira phindu la zilankhulo ziwiri zimapezeka mu PET zowonetsera zomwe zimayeza kagayidwe ka shuga mu ubongo. Zomwezo zinawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa iwo omwe amalankhula zinenero zambiri. Mphamvu za ubongo zowonjezera shuga (shuga) zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ubongo, kotero kuti Alzheimer yadziwika ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa shuga .
Pomalizira, ubongo ukhoza kugwira ntchito mosiyana ngati munthuyo ali awiri kapena amodzi. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti mu ubongo, ubongo umapindula kwambiri pa ntchito yopangira ntchito ndipo umatha kunyalanyaza zosokoneza pochita zimenezo.
Kodi Kutenga Chilankhulo Chachilankhulo Chakunja Kukuthandizani?
Ngakhale kuti kuphunzira kulikonse ndi kopindulitsa, nkokayikitsa kuti kufotokozera mwachidule chinenero chachiwiri kumathandizira kuchepetsa vuto lanu la kuchepetsa matenda a 'dementia'. M'malo mwake, omwe adaphunzira chilankhulo chachiwiri kale m'moyo ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chimodzi nthawi zonse amawoneka kuti ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopindulitsa.
Maphunziro apamwamba m'zinenero zonsezi amawoneka kuti ndi ofunikira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kudziwa mawu ochepa chabe sikungathe kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chanu chaumembala, pamene kukhala oyenerera kutumikira monga womasulira ndikoyenera kupereka ubongo.
Kodi Zinthu Zina N'zotheka Kuchita Zinthu Zina?
Ngakhale kuti maphunzirowa akuwoneka kuti akusonyeza kuti pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa zilankhulo ziwiri ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha dementia, ena afunsanso chifukwa cha mgwirizanowu.
Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku Esme Fuller-Thomson akuti chiwerengero cha kuchepa kwa maganizo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha ziwalo zofanana ndi chiwerengero chotchedwa "woukira wathanzi". Mwa ichi, amatanthauza kuti vuto la kuchepetsa chifuwa cha m'maganizo sizingatheke chifukwa cha zigawo ziwiri koma mmalo mwake zingakhale zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino ndi kukhazikika kwa anthu kuti asamukire ku dziko latsopano. Choncho, akufotokoza kuti zinthu monga thanzi labwino labwino lingakhale lopangitsa kuti munthu adwale kwambiri, kusiyana ndi kudziwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero china.
Ofufuza ena apeza chinthu china chomwe chingathandize kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa zilankhulo ziwiri ndi kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha chidziwitso-maphunziro apamwamba omwe alipo mwa anthu ena omwe amalankhula chinenero chimodzi.
Funso lachiyanjano ndi chikhalidwe ndilofala pa sayansi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za maphunzirowa zomwe zikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa ntchito yabwino ya ubongo ndi zilankhulo ziwiri.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yotsimikizirika yoteteza matenda a Alzheimers, maphunzirowa akufotokoza ubwino wanu wa ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zinenero zambiri. Kugwirizana pakati pa kukhala ndi zilankhulo ziwiri ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a maganizo sikudziwikiratu, koma zikuwoneka kuti zikuthandizidwa ndi maphunziro ambiri a kafukufuku. Kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chachiwiri kungakhale njira yopindulitsa yogwiritsira ntchito ubongo wanu ndikusangalatsana.
Zotsatira:
Makhalidwe. Volume 48, Issue 8, September 2012. Bilingualism monga chothandizira kusungirako zidziwitso: Umboni wochokera ku ubongo wa atsikana ku matenda a Alzheimer's. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010945211001043
> Craik, F., Bialystok, E. ndi Freedman, M. (2010). Kuchepetsa chiyambi cha matenda a Alzheimer: Bilingualism ngati mawonekedwe achidziwitso. Neurology , 75 (19), pp.1726-1729. 10.1212 / WNL.0b013e3181fc2a1c
> Li, L., Abutalebi, J., Emmorey, K., et al. (2017). Momwe zilankhulo ziwiri zimatetezera ubongo kuchoka ku ukalamba: Zomwe zimachokera ku bimodal bilingual. Mapu a Ubongo wa Munthu , 38 (8), pp.4109-4124.
Neuropsychology. 2014 Mar; 28 (2): 290-304. Zotsatira za zilankhulo ziwiri zomwe zimayamba pa MCI ndi AD: umboni kuchokera ku mayesero akuluakulu. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24245925
> Perani, D., Farsad, M., Ballarini, et al (2017). Zotsatira za zilankhulo ziwiri ku ubongo ndi kusokoneza kagwiridwe kake m'maganizo a Alzheimer's. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 114 (7), pp.1690-1695.
PLOS imodzi. April 30, 2013. Zomwe Zili M'moyo Wambiri ku Multilingualism: Umboni Watsopano Wothandizira Zoganizira Zosamalidwa Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0062030
> Strauss S. Kodi zilankhulo ziwiri zimachepetsa kuvutika maganizo? CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal . 2015; 187 (7): E209-E210. lembani: 10.1503 / cmaj.109-5022.