Kodi Njira Yoyesera Imayesa Bwanji Kuzindikira Kuipa Kwambiri?
Njira Yoyesa Kupanga Chitetezo (TMT) ndi chida choyesa chomwe nthawi zina chimagwiritsiridwa ntchito poyang'ana chifuwa cha matenda a maganizo mwa kuyesa kuzindikira - kuthekera kuganiza, kulingalira, ndi kukumbukira. TMT ili ndi magawo awiri omwe amatchulidwa kuti Sewero la Kupanga Trail ndi Gawo la Kupanga Masewera Gawo B. TMT ndiyeso yanthaŵi yake ndipo cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa mayesero molondola.
Ziwalo za mayesero
Gawo A
Gawo la TMT A lili ndi makalata 25 pa pepala ndi nambala 1-25 yolembedwa mndandanda m'magawo. Ntchito ya kuyesera ndi kuyambira ndi nambala yoyamba ndikujambula mzere kuchokera ku bwalolo kupita ku bwalo ndi nambala ziwiri mmenemo ku bwalolo ndi zitatu mmenemo, ndi zina zotero. Munthu akupitiriza kulumikizana ndi mndandanda mwa chiwerengero mpaka atafika nambala 25.
Gawo B
Gawo la TMT B limakhala ndi mapepala 24 pa pepala, koma m'malo mwa magulu onse okhala ndi manambala, theka la magululo ali ndi nambala 1-12 mwa iwo ndipo hafu ina (12) ili ndi makalata AL. Munthu amene ayesa mayeso ali ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri yojambula mzere kuchokera ku bwalo limodzi kupita ku lotsatira kukwera; Komabe, ayenera kusinthana ndi ma nambala mwa iwo (1-13) ali ndi makalata omwe ali nawo (AL). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, iye akugwirizanitsa maguluwa monga: 1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E ndi zina zotero.
Uyeso wa Mayeso
Poyesa mayesero, perekani mayeso pamapepalawo, afotokozereni malangizowo ndikuwonetsani pa tsamba limodzi momwe mungamalize gawo A. Kenaka mumuwuzeni kuti ayambe kuyesa ndi nthawi yake. Bweretsani mafotokozedwe a Gawo B, ndikuwonetseranso pa tsamba lomwe mungakwaniritse gawo B.
Ngati munthuyo sangathe kumaliza mayesero pambuyo pa mphindi zisanu, mukhoza kusiya kuyesedwa.
Chilakolako Choyesa Kuyesedwa
Popereka mayeso a TMT, ngati pali vuto, mtsogoleriyo ayenera kumuuza munthuyo nthawi yomweyo ndi kusuntha pencileri ku bwalo lomaliza lolondola.
Kulemba
Njira Yopanga Kupanga Njira ikuyankhidwa ndi nthawi yotani kuti athetse mayeso. Ngati munthu apanga zolakwika pamayesero, palibe kusintha kwa mphambu kusiyana ndikuti kumapangitsa nthawi yawo kukwanira kuchokera pamene munthuyo akuyenera kubwerera ku bwalo lapitalo, motero amalonjezera nthawi yawo.
Zovomerezeka Zovomerezeka
Malingana ndi mauthenga a TMT a mautumiki, masewera ambiri a TMT Part A ndi masekondi 29 ndipo mphotho yoperewera ndi yaikulu kuposa masekondi 78.
Kwa TMT Part B, masewera ambiri ndi masekondi 75 ndipo mphotho yoperewera ndi yaikulu kuposa masekondi 273.
Zotsatira za TMT zinapezeka kuti zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zaka; Anthu akamakula, amafunika nthawi yambiri kuti amalize TMT. Ndi zaka zingati za maphunziro omwe munthuyo adalandira pang'ono chabe zotsatira zake.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kuwunika
TMT imayang'anitsitsa, kuwonetsera maso ndi kuyendetsa msangamsanga, ndipo ndiyeso yabwino ya chidziwitso chonse.
Gawo A ndiyeso yabwino ya kukumbukira bwino. Gawo B kawirikawiri limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ogwira ntchito kuyambira pakuyesedwa kumafuna mphamvu zambiri kuti amalize. Gawo la TMT Gawo B linanenedwa kuti ndi chida chothandizira kudziwa ngati wokondedwa yemwe ali ndi matenda a 'dementia' akhoza kuthamanga mosamala chifukwa amafuna kuwona , kuyendetsa magalimoto komanso njira zamaganizo.
Mtsinje wa Oral Kupanga Mayeso
Mayendedwe a Trailing angaperekedwe pamlomo. M'malo momupatsa pepala ndi pensulo, mungamufunse munthuyo kuti awerengere kuyambira 1 mpaka 25 (Gawo A). Kwa Gawo B, munthuyo akufunsidwa kuti afotokoze malemba ndi malembo polemba, kusinthana pakati pa manambala ndi makalata monga awa: 1-A-2-B-3-C, ndi zina zotero.
Buku la TMT likhoza kukhala chida chofulumira kuti azindikire kuzindikira pamene munthuyo sangakwanitse kuchita zolemba zolembedwa kapena zochitika ngati chipatala komwe matenda ndi kutopa zingakhudze zotsatira zolembedwa.
Zochita ndi Zochita
Zotsatira
Ndi ufulu wogwiritsira ntchito, pamene mayesero ena amafunika kuti azipindula nthawi iliyonse yomwe aperekedwa.
Ndi mwachidule, kutenga mphindi zisanu zokha kuti mupereke.
Gawo B lasonyezedwa kuti ndilo gawo labwino logwira ntchito. Mayesero omwe amayeza kukumbukira kapena kukumbukira mawu angaphonye kugwira ntchito yowonongeka kotero kuti asazindikire mitundu ina ya matenda a maganizo .
Wotsutsa
Ukalamba umakhudza ntchito, ngakhale kuti palibe vuto lililonse la chidziwitso, koma izi sizingaganizidwe pa scoring.
Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti TMT ikanapanda kuchuluka kwa madalaivala okhwima ngati akanangodalira kuyendetsa galimoto, pamene maphunziro ena anapeza kuti anaphonya zovuta zina zomwe zingawononge dalaivala kapena anthu ena.
Mawu ochokera
Njira yopanga mayeso A ndi B ikhoza kukhala chida chothandizira kuyesa kuzindikira. Monga momwe zilili ndi mayeso ena, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti TMT ndi kuyesa kuyezetsa magazi ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito padera kuti azindikire matenda a maganizo.
Zotsatira:
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 19 (2004) 203-214. Mayesero opanga mapepala A ndi B: Dongosolo lachidziwitso lopangidwa ndi zaka ndi maphunziro. www.usz.ch/non_cms/neurologie/HealthPro/Davos/normen_tmt.pdf
Zoganizira ndi Zomwe Zimapangitsa Anthu Kuvutika Kwambiri. Kuvomerezedwa kwachipatala kwa Oral Trail Kupanga mayeso. http://journals.lww.com/cogbehavneurol/Abstract/1996/01000/Clinical_Validation_of_the_Oral_Trail_Making_Test.7.aspx
Msewu wa Chitetezo cha Msewu Wadziko Lonse. Guide ya Dokotala Kufufuza ndi Kupereka Dalaivala Okalamba. http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/OlderDriversBook/pages/Chapter3.html
> Papandonatos G, Ott B, Davis J, Barco P, Carr D. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira yoyendetsera galimoto monga oyendetsa magalimoto akuluakulu. Journal ya American Geriatrics Society. 2015; 63 (11): 2358-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503623.
State of Alaska. Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira. >> Kupanga Mapulogalamu (TMT) Mbali A & B. http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/akol/pdfs/uiowa_trailmaking.pdf .