Bwanji madokotala samagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti 'Kuchiritsidwa' ndi khansa?
Funso limene nthawi zambiri limafunsidwa ndi, "Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kuchiritsidwa?" Bwanji ngati atagwidwa mofulumira? Kodi opaleshoni kapena chemotherapy angachiritse kansa yamapapo? Monga mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi kansa ya m'mapapo, yankho loona za khansa ya m'mapapo "nthawi zonse" limakhala ndi "chithandizo".
Funsoli ndi lovuta chifukwa yankho lingakhale inde kapena ayi malingana ndi momwe mukufotokozera mankhwala.
Musanafotokoze zomwe zikutanthawuza komanso chifukwa chakuti chiyembekezo ndi chofunika kwambiri pakakhala khansa, ndikofunika kukumbukira zinthu zochepa:
- Kawirikawiri kupulumuka ndi khansa yamapapo ndi kotheka, makamaka ngati matendawa agwidwa kumayambiriro koyamba, kapena ngati khansara yamapapu yakhudzidwa ikugwira ntchito pa chithandizo chamankhwala.
- Anthu ena amakhala ndi zaka zambiri ngakhale khansara ya mapapo 4.
- Matenda otsika kwambiri, monga khansa ya m'mapapo imafalikira ku ubongo, nthawi zina amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa nthawi yaitali.
- Pali zochitika zowonongeka-ngakhale kuti kawirikawiri-khansa yamapapo ya m'mapapo yakhala ikugwedezeka pang'onopang'ono .
- Ngakhale khansara yamapapu isachiritsidwe, nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa.
Kodi 'Kuchiza' Kumatanthauza Chiyani Ponena za 'Mimba Yolimba'?
M'njira yovuta kwambiri ya mawu, khansa ya m'mapapo sungakhoze "kuchiritsidwa." Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mwayi (nthawi zina izi ndizing'ono) khansara yamapapo ikhoza kubwereranso, ngakhale zaka zambiri kapena zaka zambiri zitatha.
Pamene munthu amakhala ndi moyo popanda umboni wa khansa (palibe umboni wa khansa nthawi zina imangotchedwa NED ) kuchepetsa mwayi woti udzabwerere.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa imene anthu amatha kulengeza kuti "amachiritsidwa" m'lingaliro loyera, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi mwa ana.
Khansa ya m'mimba, mmalo mwake, ikufanana ndi "ziwalo zolimba" monga khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa yamtundu yomwe imawombera nthawi yaitali, koma madokotala akuzengereza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ochiritsidwa.
Chitsanzo chothandizira kufotokoza izi ndi chakuti anthu omwe apulumuka khansa ya m'mapapo kwa zaka zisanu amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotheka cha imfa kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo mpaka zaka 18 zitatha. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mapapu adenocarcinoma amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ; mwinamwake ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira ku maselo a mitsempha , ndipo mwina ngati opaleshoni siichitika (ndi zotupa zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ).
Kodi Mungatani Kuti Mwamuna Wachiritsidwe Angachiritsidwe?
Chinthu chimodzi m'mabukuwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya mapawa ya mapaundi omwe alibe chiwopsezo chachikulu-kutanthauza kuti chotupacho ndi chochepa kwambiri ndipo sichinafike mu mitsempha yambiri yamagazi. Pankhani iyi, ngati palibe umboni wa khansara pambuyo pa zaka zisanu, zikuwoneka kuti mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Khansa Imatha Zaka Zaka 100 Kapena Zaka Zoposa Zotsatira?
Sitikudziŵa bwino momwe khansara yamapapu (ndi zina zotupa monga khansa ya m'mawere) zingawonekere kubisala kwa zaka zambiri ndiyeno nkupezanso. Nthano imodzi ndi yakuti pali kuikidwa kwa maselo a khansa, ndipo maselo ena (khansa ya maselo a khansa) amakhala ovuta kwambiri kuchipatala komanso amakhala okhoza kugona.
Pano pali nkhani yomwe ingakuthandizeni kufotokoza momwe khansara ikhoza kubisala kwa zaka zambiri kapena ngakhale zaka zambiri .
Kodi Mungayambe Kudwala Opaleshoni Yam'mimba?
Kawirikawiri, opaleshoni imapereka mpata wochuluka wa kupulumuka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo nthawi yaitali . Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, pamene opaleshoni imachitidwa nthawi iliyonse yoyambirira, sinafalikira ku maselo a mitsempha kapena mitsempha ya magazi, madokotala nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mawuwo.
Kuchita opaleshoni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi siteji 1 , siteji yachiwiri ndi siteji ya 3A yopanda khansa ya m'mapapo. Phunziro lalikulu, pakati pa anthu okhala ndi gawo 1A kansa ya m'mapapo, 16 peresenti inabwereranso m'zaka zisanu zoyambirira, ndipo pangoziyi ikadutsa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (4,8%).
Mu phunziro lina, anthu 87 pa anthu 100 alionse omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni yopambana ndi matenda a mitsempha, ndipo anakhala ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu ataphunzira matendawa, anapulumuka zaka zina zisanu zapadera za khansa. Mu gulu ili:
- Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a N0 (palibe kufalikira kwa khansara kumayendedwe ka khansa malinga ndi njira ya TNM ya khansa ya m'mapapo ), 89 peresenti anakhalabe opanda khansa.
- 84 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a N1 (kufalikira kwa khansara kwa zam'mimba pafupi ndi chotupa choyambirira) anali opanda khansa.
- 65 peresenti ya omwe ali ndi nthenda ya N2 (kufalikira kwa khansara ku mitsempha yopitirira kutali ndi khansara) anali opanda mliri.
Kodi Chemotherapy Angachiritse Khansa Yam'mimba?
Kawirikawiri, chemotherapy siigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholinga chochepetsera anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Pali zifukwa zikuluzikulu zikuluzikulu zamagetsi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Imodzi ili ngati mankhwala adjuvant. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina ali ndi opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapu, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe ngati mankhwala owonjezera ngati maselo ena a khansa yamapapu afalikira kumadera ena a thupi-koma sangathe kudziwika ndi maphunziro ojambula. Maselo amenewa omwe angafalikire koma osawonekeratu amatchedwa micrometastases.
Cholinga china chachikulu cha chemotherapy ndi khansara yamapapo ndi mankhwala othandizira . Izi ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kuti atulutse moyo kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro, koma osati kuti athe kuchiza matenda.
Udindo wa chemotherapy wa khansara yamapapo ndi wofunikira kwambiri kumvetsa. Kufufuza kwa 2014 kunapeza kuti pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo sanamvetsetse kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy sakanatha kuchiritsa khansa yawo. Anthu ambiri ali ndi chiyembekezo cholakwika chomwe mwina chemotherapy chidzagwiritse ntchito kuchiritsa khansa yawo, koma izi sizingatheke kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a metasatic.
Ngati dokotala akulankhula za mankhwala a palliative, onetsetsani kuti mukudziwa zomwe akunena komanso zolinga zake. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtunduwu amaperekedwa ndi zolinga zosiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chemotherapy. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mukuyembekeza kuti mupeze chithandizo, mungafunike kuganizira zoyezetsa zachipatala kapena njira yomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito monga immunotherapy.
Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ingachiritsidwe ndi mazira?
Kachilombo kotchedwa radiotherapy (SBRT) , yomwe imadziwika kuti "cyber", ingakhale ndi mphamvu ngati opaleshoni kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo oyambirira, komanso omwe khansa sangachitire opaleshoni. Phunziro laling'ono la odwala omwe anapulumuka patatha zaka zisanu akutsatira SBRT, 25 peresenti anadwala kachiwiri.
Njira zamakono za ma ARV zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwina monga mankhwala opatsirana (monga mankhwala a chemotherapy), kupititsa patsogolo moyo, kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo monga kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kutsekeka kwa pandege.
Mungagwiritsidwe Ntchito Zochiritsira Kapena Immunotherapy Mungachiritse Khansa Yam'mimba
Ndi khansara yamapapu yomwe ili sitepe 4 (kapena siteji 3B ), cholinga cha chithandizo sichichiritso kawirikawiri, koma chimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi moyo komanso zizindikiro. Izi zinati, makamaka ndi zina zatsopano zokhudzana ndi khansara yamapapu monga Tarceva erlotinib) kapena Xalkori (crizotinib) anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yaitali, nthawi zina zaka zambiri pamene akuchiza khansa yawo monga momwe amachitira matenda ena aakulu monga matenda a impso kapena shuga.
Ndikofunika kuti aliyense amene ali ndi khansara yamapapu yapamwamba ali ndi kufotokoza kwa maselo . Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala omwe tsopano akuvomerezedwa kwa anthu okhala ndi kusintha kwa EGFR , ALK rearrangements , rearrangements ya ROS1 , ndi zina zina kusintha kwa maselo a khansara pali mayesero a kachipatala kuyesa maonekedwe ena ambiri a kanema wa maselo a khansa yamapapo.
Immunotherapy imapuma lonjezo la moyo wautali wautali kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansara ya m'mapapo. Osati aliyense amamvera mankhwalawa, koma akakhala othandiza akhoza kutsogolo kwa nthawi yaitali kwa anthu ena. Mu 2015 mankhwala awiri oyambirira a immunotherapy, Opdivo (nivolumab) ndi Keytruda (pembrolizumab) adavomerezedwa kuti azitsatira khansa ya m'mapapo ndi mankhwala ena m'kalasiyi, kuphatikizapo kuphatikiza, akuyesedwa m'mayesero a zachipatala .
Kuchiza kwa Oligometastases
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri, kupulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali kumatha ngakhale ngakhale khansa ya m'mapapo yakula. Pali malipoti a anthu oposa khumi omwe akhalapo zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo pambuyo pa masewera a ubongo kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo athandizidwa. Lipoti laposachedwa limaperekanso kuti kuchiza mavitamini m'maselo ambiri ndi ma radiotherapy a thupi angakhale njira yowonjezera moyo wautali kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi kansa ya mapulaneti 4 m'tsogolomu.
Phunzirani zambiri za chithandizo cha mankhwala a khansara yamapapo ndi mitsempha ya mafupa , adrenal gland metastases , ndi metastases ya chiwindi .
Nanga Bwanji Zochiza Zachilengedwe?
Intaneti ikuphatikizapo maulumikizano otchedwa "machiritso achilengedwe" a khansa. Mwamwayi, maphunziro mpaka lero akulephera kusonyeza phindu lopulumuka mwa njira iliyonseyi. Zomwe zili bwino, zina mwa mankhwalawa zingathandize ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi mankhwala ake, koma poipa kwambiri, zingasokoneze mankhwala a chemotherapy, akhoza kutsitsa khansa yowonongeka ndi odwala, ndipo ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mankhwala ochiritsira, angafupikitse moyo chiyembekezo.
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi malonda onyenga asokoneza njira zina zothandizira. Kutsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri ovomerezeka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophatikizira ena mwa mankhwalawa, monga acupuncture kapena ginger kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa mankhwalawa , angathandize anthu kuthana ndi zizindikiro za mankhwala ochiritsira a khansa, ndipo pochita zimenezi, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Phunzirani zambiri za mankhwala ena opatsirana khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro za matendawa.
Kulimbana ndi Kusatsimikizika
Kulimbana ndi kusatsimikizika ndi khansa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri kuti munthu apulumuke . Kuchita nawo khansa ya m'mapapo yathandizira anthu ambiri kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana komanso mantha a kansalu kawirikawiri komanso kupita patsogolo , pamene mukuzindikira kuti siinu nokha koma mungakhale dalitso kwa ena amene apezeka ndi matendawa.
Pamene tikudziwa kuti nthawi zina anthu omwe amachita chilichonse adakali ndi khansa yawo, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungadzipangire nokha zomwe zingapangitse kukhala ndi moyo . Tikuphunziranso kuti kudya zakudya zathanzi kungathandizire kuchepetsa kubwereza, ndipo mungafune kufufuza mndandanda wa zakudya zomwe zimayesedwa ndi khansara zamapapu zomwe zayesedwa kuti ziwone ngati zingakhale zotani pamapapo. maselo a khansa makamaka.
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