Mafilimu Opanda Maso Osati Zizindikiro Zooneka
Kuvutika kwa mtima ndi matenda a mtima omwe amachititsa popanda zizindikiro zozindikirika - kapena, popanda kuonetsa zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri kuti wodwalayo sangathe kunyalanyaza. Matendawa amachitidwa retrospectively, pamene umboni wa myocardial infarction (matenda a mtima) amapezeka pa electrocardiogram mwa munthu popanda mbiri yachipatala kuti anali ndi matenda a mtima.
Kawirikawiri, anthu awa amapezeka ngati akuwona dokotala chifukwa chosiyana.
Pamene matendawa akuyambitsa matendawa, nthawi zonse wodwala komanso dokotala amadabwa.
Mwachidule
Ambiri a ife timakonda kuganizira za matenda a mtima wamtundu wa myocardial (matenda a mtima) monga chochitika chokongola - ndipo nthawi zambiri, ndizo. Kawirikawiri matenda amtima amapezeka pamene chikhomo cha atherosclerotic chimodzi mwa mitsempha yamakono imatha. Mphunoyi imayambitsa magazi kumapeto kwa mitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asatseke. Mitsempha yamtima imaperekedwa ndi mitsempha yotsekedwa nthawi yomweyo imakhala ischemic (njala ya mpweya), yomwe imayambitsa kupweteka pachifuwa kapena zizindikiro zina zoopsa. Pokhapokha kutsekedwa kwachitetezo kumatulutsidwa mkati mwa maola ochepa chabe, mitsempha ya mtima ischemic imafa. Ndi imfa ya gawo limodzi la minofu ya mtima yomwe imayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mitsempha yamakono yotsekedwa ndizovuta kwambiri moti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli mwamsanga amafuna thandizo lachipatala.
Komabe, si zachilendo kuti anthu azivutika ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana popanda kuzindikira zizindikiro zomwe zimawakakamiza kukaonana ndi dokotala.
Zomwe zilipo pakali pano ndizo pafupifupi 20% za matenda a mtima sizikupezeka mpaka nthawi ina mutatha. Vuto, ndithudi, ndilo kuti mankhwala opweteka sangaperekedwe ngati aliyense sakudziwa kuti matenda a mtima akuchitika, ndipo mankhwala ofulumira ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati kuchuluka kwa mtima wa minofu yowonongeka ndi matenda a mtima kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro Za "Mchitidwe Wopweteka" wa Mtima
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima amadziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti chinachake chalakwika. Kawirikawiri, amamva kupweteka pachifuwa kapena mtundu wina wa vuto lopweteka kwambiri pachifuwa. Ndipo ngakhale kupweteka kapena kupweteka kungakhale "mwambo" (mwachitsanzo, izo zingakhudze khosi, mapewa, kapena mmbuyo mmalo mwa chifuwa chomwecho), nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kunyalanyaza. Zizindikiro zowonjezera zimakhalapo, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kutuluka mu thukuta lozizira , kupuma pang'ono, kapena kumverera kwa chiwonongeko chomwe chikubwera. Mwachidule, vuto la mtima nthawi zambiri limangokhala "losawoneka" - nthawi zambiri limakhala lodabwitsa ngati likugwedeza nkhope ndi awiri ndi anayi.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Mtima Wina Umayambitsa Chisoni?
Chifukwa cha zizindikiro izi, zingakhale zodabwitsa kumva zimenezi, chifukwa cha anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima amakhala "chete." Izi zikutanthauza kuti, vuto la mtima limapezeka - mitsempha yowonongeka imatsekedwa ndi magazi ndipo minofu imamwalira - popanda wozindikira kuti chilichonse chikuchitika.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu ena akhale ndi mtima wopanda zizindikiro. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Anthu ena amangokhalira kupweteka kwambiri , kapena kulekerera kwambiri kwa ululu, ndipo samangozindikira "zizindikiro zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa ife tonse kuti tisanyalanyaze.
- Matenda ena azachipatala - makamaka matenda a shuga ndi matenda a impso - angakhudze mitsempha yomwe imakhala ndi zowawa, choncho zizindikiro za angina kapena matenda a mtima zimasokonezeka.
- Kwa anthu ena, mtima wa ischemia ukhoza kubweretsa zizindikiro zowopsa. M'malo mwa angina, mwachitsanzo, amatha kukhala ndi dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono) , kufooka kwapakati, kapena zizindikiro zina zosadziwika zomwe anthu ambiri sangafanane nawo pamtima. "Zizindikiro zoopsa" ndi matenda a mtima ndizo makamaka makamaka mwazimayi.
- Anthu ena - makamaka ngati zizindikiro siziri zochititsa chidwi-zili bwino kwambiri kunyalanyaza zizindikiro za matenda a mtima , ndipo amatha kuwatsuka chifukwa chozizira, kupweteka , kapena "chinachake chimene ndadya."
- Zaka ndi kugonana zimagwirizanitsa ndi matenda a mtima osalankhula. Kupweteka kwa mtima kumakhala kosavuta kukhala chete mwa anthu achikulire, makamaka omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 75. Amawonanso kawirikawiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
Mukawonjezerapo zifukwa zonsezi, zikuwoneka kuti pafupi ndi matenda asanu a mtima amatha kukhala chete.
Kugonjetsa ndi Kufa
Mukhoza kufa ndi matenda amtima. Ngakhale pali kukangana kokwanira kuti ngati imfa imapezeka kuti matenda a mtima sangathenso kuganiziridwa kukhala "chete," mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi CAD chizindikiro choyamba kapena chizindikiro chomwe amachipeza kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chawo ndi imfa yadzidzidzi . Inde, anthu ambiri amene amafa mwadzidzidzi, opanda mbiri yakale ya matenda a mtima, ali ndi CAD yaikulu - ndipo mwachiwonekere adakumana ndi zizindikiro zambiri za "isisime" ischemia, ndipo mwinamwake ngakhale kuvutika kwa mtima, asanagwire mtima wakupha.
Anthu omwe amawoneka bwino koma amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a mtima wamtendere amawoneka kuti ali ndi vuto linalake loipa kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe matenda awo amtima amawapeza ndi kuwachiritsidwa mwamsanga. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezochi kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga kapena matenda a impso mwa anthuwa, msinkhu wawo, komanso kuti zizindikiro zina za mtima wam'thupi ndizokhala "chete," choncho sichikhoza kuchitidwa mwamsanga .
Kudziwa
Chifukwa chiwonongeko cha mtima sichimatulutsa zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa munthu wodwalayo kufuna thandizo lachipatala, matendawa amangopangidwa pambuyo pake - atatha kuwonongeka. Nthawi ina m'tsogolo, adokotala adzazindikira kuti kuwonongeka kwa mtima kwachitika pakufufuza electrocardiogram. Matendawa angatsimikizidwe mwa kupanga zolemba zamakono, zomwe minofu ya mtima yomwe tsopano ikufooka ikhoza kuwonetsedwa.
Kuchiza Pambuyo Pa Kugonjetsa Mtima Kwambiri
Mukapezeka kuti mwakhala ndi vuto la mtima wamtima, mfundo ziwiri zofunika tsopano zikudziwika ponena za inu. Choyamba , muli ndi matenda akuluakulu amtundu wa matenda (CAD) .
Ndipo chachiwiri , zizindikiro zanu sizingawoneke ngati momwe CAD yanu ilili, kapena momwe ikuchitiridwa mokwanira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusaoneka kwa zizindikiro (monga angina) si chizindikiro chodalirika chakuti mankhwala akugwira ntchito, kapena kuti CAD yanu imakhala yolimba.
Ngati mwakhala ndi vuto la mtima wamtima, muyenera kulandira mankhwala omwewo ngati wina aliyense amene wapulumuka matenda a mtima. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala:
- Kupewa mankhwala enaake ndi mankhwala, ndipo mwina revascularization (ndi poizoni kapena opaleshoni ).
- Kuletsa kuyambika kwa mtima kulephera .
- Kupewa imfa kuchokera kumagido a mtima .
Werengani zambiri za momwe njira zitatuzi zingachepetsere chiopsezo chanu cha vuto la mtima .
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwalawa, anthu omwe atha kupweteka mtima amafunikira thandizo linalake pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za mayesero .
Mayesero othetsa nkhawa angathe kuthandiza anthu awiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima. Choyamba, zingalole kuti dokotala wanu azindikire "chilolezo" cha masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amachititsa ischemia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dokotala akhoza kukupatsani malangizo okhudza ntchito zomwe zili bwino kuti muchite. Popeza simungagwiritse ntchito kuyambira kwa angina monga chenjezo kuti mukuchita mochuluka, uphungu uwu ukhoza kukhala wofunikira kwambiri.
Ndipo chachiwiri, pamene ischemia imachitika panthawi ya zovuta, ngakhale anthu omwe atha kupwetekedwa mtima ndi / kapena ischemia osasinthasintha nthawi zambiri amamva "chinachake," ngakhale kuti si angina. Choncho, kuyesedwa kwapanikizidwe kungapereke mauthenga ofunika kwa anthu omwe ali chete ndi ischemia - akhoza kuwaphunzitsa kuti "izi ndi zomwe ischemia zimamva ngati inu." M'tsogolomu, nthawi iliyonse mukakhala ndi "zotere" zokhudzidwa - kaya zimakhala zosavuta pamphuwa, kutaya mpweya, kutopa mwadzidzidzi, kapena chilichonse chomwe chingakhale - zikutanthauza kuti mwinamwake muli ndi "angina ofanana," ndipo muyenera nthawi yomweyo lekani zomwe mukuchita ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala anu kuti muwathandize angina (monga kutenga piritsi ya nitroglycerin ).
Mawu Ochokera
CAD - ngakhale yofunika kwambiri CAD - sizimatulutsa zizindikiro zomwe zimafotokozedwa m'mabuku a zamankhwala. Kachilombo kasupe ndi matenda a mtima amakhala ofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe sanakhalepo ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza CAD. Anthu omwe atha kupwetekedwa mtima pamtima makamaka ayenera kusamalira mitima yawo kuti asawononge kuwonongeka kwa mtima.
Ngati muli ndi zifukwa zingapo zowopsa kwa CAD , monga kusuta fodya, kukhala ndi moyo wambiri, kukhala olemera kwambiri, kapena kukhala ndi cholesterol kapena hypertension , kusowa kwa zizindikiro sikuyenera kutengedwa monga chitsimikizo kuti zonse ziri bwino ndi mitsempha yanu yamakono. Muyenera kuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu , musanavutike kwambiri, mwinamwake osasinthika, kuwonongeka kwa mtima wanu - kapena kuwopsa.
> Zotsatira:
> Aldweib N, Negishi K, Hachamovitch R, et al. Zotsatira za Kubwereza Myocardial Revascularization pa Zotsatira za Odwala Osauka Ischemia pambuyo pa Revascularization Yoyamba. J ndi Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 1616.
> Gehi AK, Ali S, Na B, ndi al. Inducible Ischemia ndi Kuopsa kwa Zochitika Zathu Zokhudzana ndi Maganizo Amtima mwa Odwala ndi Matenda Okhazikika a Coronary Heart: Study and Heart Study. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1423.
> Gibbons LW, Mitchell TL, Wei M, et al. Chiyeso Choyesa Kugonjetsa Kwambiri Monga Chowopsa Choopsa kwa Anthu Odwala kuchokera ku Matenda a Mtima wa Coronary mu Amuna Osakaniza. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86:53